This document provides an overview of water distribution systems. It defines a water distribution system as a network of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks and other components that transports drinking water from treatment plants or wells to consumers. The objectives of these systems are to preserve water quality and quantity while maintaining sufficient pressure. Common components include distribution reservoirs that store treated water for emergencies and to absorb hourly demand fluctuations. Distribution systems are typically classified based on their pipe network layout and can use gravity, pumping or a combined system to transport water.

1. TRANSMISSION OF
WATER
WATER DISTRIBUTION

2. WHAT IS
DITRIBUTION
SYSTEM ?
A water distribution systems is one in which
the drinking water is transported from the
treatment plant or well supplies to the
service connection or consumers´ taps.
These systems aim to preserve the quality
and quantity of water, as well as maintain
sufficient pressures in the distribution of
water. Basically, these systems consist of a
network of pipes, pumps, valves, storage
tanks, reservoirs and other components 2

3. 3
 It should be capable of supplying water at all the intended
places with sufficient pressure.
It should be capable of supplying the requisite amount of
water during fire fighting.
Water quality should not get deteriorated in the
distribution pipes.
The layout should be such that no consumer would be
without water supply, during the repair of any section of the
system.
OBJECTIVES

4. LAYOUT OF WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
4
• The layout of water
distribution system tells
us the network of pipes
provided in the area and
helps to determine the
repair locations if any
damages occurs.
•

5. CLASSIFICATIO
N
5
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
NETWORKS
Dead End System
Radial System
Grid Iron System
Ring System

6. METHODS OF
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
6
• Gravity System
• Pumping System
• Combined gravity and pumping
system

7. 7
GRAVITY SYSTEM
• Suitable when source of supply
is at sufficient height.
• Most reliable and economical
distribution system.
• The water head available at the
consumer is just minimum
required.
• The remaining head is
consumed in the frictional and
other losses.

8. 8
PUMPING SYSTEM
• Treated water is directly into the
distribution main out storing.
• Also called pumping without
storage system.
• High lifts pumps are required.
• If power supply fails, complete
stoppage of water supply.
• The method is not general used.

9. 9
COMBINED GRAVITY and PUMPING
SYSTEM
• Most common system
• Treated water is pumped and
stored in an elevated
distribution reservoir.
• Then supplies to consumer by
action of gravity.
• The excess water during low
demand periods get
• stored in reservoir and get
supplied during high demand
period.
• Economical, efficient and

10. 10
DISTRIBUTION
RESERVOIRS
Distribution reservoirs, also
called service reservoirs, are
the storage reservoirs, which
store the treated water for
supplying water during
emergencies ( such as during
fires, repairs, etc.) and also to
help in absorbing the hourly
fluctuations in the normal
water demand.
FUNCTION
To absorb the hourly variations in demand.
To maintain constant pressure in the
distribution main.
Water stored can be supplied during
emergencies.

11. TYPES OF
RESERVOIRS
11
Depending upon the elevation
with respect to ground
• Surface reservoirs
• Elevated reservoirs

12. 12
SURFACE
RESERVOIRS
These also called
ground reservoir.
These reservoirs are
constructed high
natural grounds and
are usually made of
stones, brick, plain or
reinforced concrete
cement.

13. 13
ELEVATED RSERVOIR
• It is also referred to as overhead
tanks and are required at
distribution areas which are not
governed and controlled by the
gravity system of distribution.
• They are constructed where
combine gravity and pumping
system of water distribution is
adopted.
• These tanks may be steel or
RCC.

14. 14
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN A GLANCE

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