THIS PARTICULAR SLIDES GIVES THE SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

1. Land, soil, water, natural vegetation
and wild life resources

2. • Is naturalconditions same every
where????

5. Is all these regions are same , are
people leading same way of live?
why?
NO, different parts of the world have
different ratios of natural resources, the
people also lead different lives in different
regions.

6. • The difference is because of the difference in
the quality of land, soil, water, natural
vegetation, animals and the usage of
technology.
• The availability of such resources is the main
reason places differ from each other.

7. Land
• The most important natural resources
• Covers only about 30% of the total area of the
earth surface.
• All part of the land is not habitable.
• The population in unevenly distributed over
the world.

8. Reasons for uneven distribution
• 1. Characteristics of land
• Rugged topography
• Steep slopes
• Low- lying areas
• Desert areas
• Thick forest

9. • 2. Climate.
• We prefer to live in a moderate climate.
• The places which have harsh climatic
conditions are not preferred.

10. Land use
• Used for different purpose.
• Forestry, agriculture, mining, building houses,
setting up industries etc.
Simply land use means the way of using
land for different needs is known as land use.

11. Factors determining land use
Land use
Physical factors
Human factors

12. Physical factors
• Topography
• Soil
• Mineral
• Availability of water

13. Human factors
• Population
• Technology

14. Classification based on ownership
• Private land : owned by individuals.
• Community land : land owned by a
community for common use. It is also known
as common property resource.

15. Is land use is same everywhere ?

16. Land conservation
• Reasons
Ever growing population and their ever growing
demands has led to a large scale destruction of
forest and arable land.

17. Measures to check land degradation
• Afforestation
Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or
stand of trees (forestation) in an area where
there was no previous tree cover
Many government and non-governmental
organizations directly engage in programs of
afforestation to create forests, increase carbon
capture.

18. Land reclamation
• Land reclamation, usually known as
reclamation, and also known as land fill (not
to be confused with a landfill), is the process
of creating new land from oceans, seas,
riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is
known as reclamation ground or land fill.

19. Regulation of chemical pesticides and
fertilisers
• The over use of fertilisers and pesticides will
affect the fertility of land
• It directly affects the acidic and alkaline nature
of soil and slowly with time it will degrade the
quality of soil

20. Over grazing
• Over grazing will result in soil erosion

21. Activity
• Prepare a case study landslide in Kavalappara
in Kerala in 2019.

22. Soil
• The thin layer of grainy substance covering the
surface of earth is called soil.
• Different type of soil is found in different
regions.
• Weathering is the process behind soil
formation.

24. Factors affecting soil formation

25. Major factors

26. Parent rock
• Determines colour.
• Texture
• Chemical properties mineral content.
• Permeability : the capacity of soil to allow
water passes through it.

27. Climate
• Temperature and rainfall influence the rate of
weathering and humus formation

28. Time
• Determines the thickness of soil profile

29. Flora, fauna and micro organisms
• Affect the rate of humus formation

30. Relief / Topography
• Altitude and slope determines accumulation
of soil

31. Activity
• Draw soil profile and mark different layers of
soil
• Draw a flow chart showing factors affecting
soil formation

32. Degradation of soil and
conservation measures

33. Degradation of soil
• The degradation indicates the change in the
soil health status.
• The loosing of fertility.
• Factors :
a. Natural factors
b. Human factors

34. • Natural factors.
1. Rain wash
2. Land slide
3. Floods
4. Drought
• Human factors
1. Deforestation
2. Overgrazing
3. Overuse of chemical
fertilizers and
pesticides.

35. Conservation methods
• Mulching
• Contour barriers
• Rock dams
• Terrace farming
• Inter cropping
• Contour ploughing
• Shelter belts

36. Water

37. Water
• Water is a vital renewable resource natural
resource.
• Three fourth of earth is covered with water.
• Earth is known as water planet.
• The oceans cover two third of the earth
surface.

40. Can we add water in the earth
surface?
• Water can neither added nor subtracted from
the earth surface. Its volume remains
constant.
• Its abundance only seems to vary because of it
is in constant motion, cycling through the
ocean, the air, the land and back again.
• The process behind the cyclic process are
evaporation, precipitation and run off.
• This process is called water cycle.

41. Water in Earth
• Surface water
• Oceans
• Ground water
• Glaciers
• Water vapour

42. Uses of water
• Humans use huge amount of water .
Uses of water.
1. Domestic use
2. Industrial use
3. Generating electricity

43. One thing to remember
• Increasing population rising demand for food
and cash crop, increasing Urbanisation and
rising standard of living are major factors
leading to shortages in supply of fresh water
either due to drying up of water sources or
water pollution

44. Problems of water availability
• Climatic zones susceptible to drought.
• Consequence of variation in seasonal or
annual precipitation
• Caused by over exploitation and
contamination of water resources.

45. Conservation
• Controlling pollution
• Proper usage.
• Need for water treatment plants.
• Afforestation.
• Proper irrigation

46. Natural vegetation and wild life
• All living organisms exists only in the narrow
zone of contact between the lithosphere
hydrosphere and atmosphere that we call as
biosphere.
• In biosphere every living organism are inter-
related and interdepended on each other for
survival this life supporting system is called as
ecosystem.

47. Major vegetation types
• Forest
• Grassland
• Scrubs
• Tundra

48. • Biosphere reserves National parks an wildlife
sanctuaries are made to protect our natural
vegetation and wild life