2. Importance of fabric defect :
Due to the increasing demand for quality
fabrics, high quality requirements are today
greater since customer has become more
aware of poor quality problems
To avoid Rejection of fabric, It is necessary to
avoid defects.
Price of fabric is reduced by 45%-65% due to
the presence of defects
Company image will go down.
3. List of fabric defects in woven
Fabrics :
Coloured flecks
Knots
Slub
Broken ends woven in a bunch
Broken pattern
Double end
Float
Gout
4. Missing ends
Missing Pick
Oil and other stain
Oily ends
Oily picks
Reed mark
Slough off
Shuttle smash
Snarls
Stitches
Untrimmed loose threads
5. Coloured Flecks
COLOURED FLECKS Presence of coloured foreign
matter in the yarn.
CAUSES Cotton fibres getting contaminated during
the ginning stage with leaves, immature fibre, yellow
fibre, etc.
MENDING Coloured portion is removed from the
yarn with a plucker . The resultant bare patch can be
corrected by combing with metallic comb.
6. KNOTS
Knots Knot is a fastening made by tying
together the ends of yarn
CAUSES Thread breaks during process
of winding, warping, sizing or weaving
MENDING Non Mendable.
7. SLUB
Slub Slub is a bunch of yarn having less twist or no twist
and has a wider diameter compared to normal spun yarn
CAUSES
Improper carding/combing.
Broken tooth in the chain of gear system
MENDING The slub should be cut with the clipper from
both the ends. The resultant bare patch can be corrected by
combing with a metallic comb or by insertion of a separate
thread with the help of fine needle.
8. Broken pattern
Broken pattern A broken pattern is the non
continuity of
a weave/ design/ pattern
CAUSES
Wrong drawing in of threads.
Incorrect shedding
MENDING Non Mendable.
9. Hole, Cut, Tear
Hole, Cut or Tear This is self explanatory
CAUSES
Sharp edges on cloth roll.
Hard substance between layers of fabric in cloth
roll
Course temples used for fine fabric
During removal of hard particles like, Iron
particles
woven in the cloth
MENDING Non mendable
10. List of fabric defects in terry and
velvet fabrics :
Broken pattern
Pile less spot
Uneven or loose piles
11. BROKEN PATTERN DUE TO
DEFECTIVE PILES :
Broken pattern due to defective piles A broken
pattern is the
result of non-continuity of the design/pattern in
the pile
fabric.
CAUSES
Improper working of terry motion on loom.
Improper functioning of jacquard.
Missing pick.
MENDING Non mendable.
12. PILE LESS SPOT
Pile less spot It is a spot without the pile
CAUSES
Improper working of terry motion on loom.
Improper functioning of jacquard.
MENDING Non mendableZ
13. UNEVEN OR LOOSE PILES
Uneven or loose piles In this type of defect there is
variation
in the pile height over the surface of the fabric
CAUSES
Improper working of terry motion on loom.
Improper functioning of jacquard.
Missing pick.
MENDING Non Mendable
14. List of fabric defects in Knitted
Fabrics:
Bariness
Bunching up
Drop stitch
Holes or Crack
Crack fall out
Horizontal srtipes
Verticle stripes
15. Bunching up
Bunching up : This is largely influnced by
take-up
mechanism and whether it functions properly
or not.
CAUSES:
Fabric take-up too weak.
Thick place in yarn.
MENDING : Non Mendable.
16. Drop stitch
Drop stitch: Local column of dropped stitches.
CAUSES :
Yarn guide not set poroperly (i.e yarn is not fed properly during loop
formation).
Defective latch needle.
yarn tension is not sufficient.
Take-down is too high.
Wrong yarn threading.
MENDING : This fault can be corrected by stitches reforming using a
simple needle.
CAN BE AVOIDED BY
Precise yarn-guide setting.
Needle change.
Dial position readjustment.
Use of fabric fault detector.
17. Holes or crack
Holes or crack : Local holes obtained when yarn breaks
during loop formation.
CAUSES
Relation between cylinder and dial loop not correct.
Weak places in yarn, Which breaks during loop formation
Knots.
Yarn running tension is too high.
CAN BE AVOIDED BY
Use of flat knots.
Accurate yarn guide setting.
Use of fabric fault detector.
Use of yarn having lower hariness.
18. Verticle stripes
Verticle stripes : They can be observed as
longitudnal gaps
in the fabric. The space between adjacent wales is
irregular.
CAUSES
Bent needles.
Heavily running needles.
Damaged latch needle.
Damaged needle hook.
Damaged dial or cylinder.
CAN BE AVOIDED BY :
Needles and sinkers change after long time use.
Use of fabric fault detector.
19. Horizontal stripes
Horizontal stripes : Are caused by uneveness
in the courses. They traverse horizontally and
repeat themselves regularly or irregularly.
CAUSES
Yarn feeder set badly.
Differences in the yarn running-in tension.
Jerky impulse from fabric take up .
Mending : Non mendable.