3. Headlines
Eye on China, Cabinet clears 7 ITBP battalions - Page No.1 , GS 2
A manifesto for tackling the silent pandemic of AMR - Page No.6 , GS 2
Beyond limits - Page No.6 , GS 2
Judges and the lure of ‘political’ jobs - Page No.7 , GS 2
China must take a haircut on its loans to poor countries- Page No.13 , GS
Warm water melts Antarctica’s glacier: study - Page No.13 , GS 3
Text and Context - Taxing windfall profits of oil companies
Text and Context - Understanding India’s Mental Healthcare Act, 2017
Questions (Map, Prelims, Mains)
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4.
5. Apatani Tribe, which was recently
seen in the news resides in which
state?
A. Telangana
B. Arunachal Pradesh
C. Kerala
D. None of these
अपतानी जनजातत, जो हाल ही में खबरों
में थी, किस राज्य में रहती है?
A तेलंगाना
B. अरुणाचल प्रदेश
C. ि
े रल
D. इनमें से िोई नहीं
6. Answer- B
Explanation :
The Apatanis, one of the major ethnic groups of the eastern Himalayas,
practise a distinctive form of agriculture where rice and fish are grown
together and need encouragement.
•The Apatani are a tribal group of people living in the Ziro valley in
Arunachal Pradesh.
•They speak a local language called Tani and worship the sun and the
moon.
•They have major festivals like Dree, Myoko, Yapung and Murung.
•Dree is celebrated with prayers for a bumper harvest and prosperity of
all humankind and Myoka celebrates friendship similar to modern
friendship day.
•They have been practising integrated rice-fish farming in their
mountain terraces of Arunachal Pradesh.
7. With reference to the Labour Bureau,
consider the following statements:
1. It publishes Consumer Price Index
for Industrial Workers.
2. It works under the Ministry of
Labour and Employment.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
श्रम ब्यूरो ि
े संदर्भ में तनम्नललखखत िथनों पर
विचार िीजजये:
1. यह औद्योगगि श्रलमिों ि
े ललए उपर्ोक्ता
मूल्य सूचिांि प्रिालशत िरता है।
2. यह श्रम और रोजगार मंत्रालय ि
े तहत िाम
िरता है।
उपरोक्त िथनों में से िौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?
A. ि
े िल 1
B. ि
े िल 2
C. 1 और 2 दोनों
D. न तो 1 और न ही 2
8. Answer - C
Explanation :
The Minister of State for Labour and Employment recently informed
Lok Sabha that the Labour Bureau has undertaken an All India Domestic
Workers Survey.
•Labour Bureau is an attached office under the Ministry of Labour and
Employment, which was set up on 1st October 1946.
•It is entrusted with the work of compilation, collection, analysis and
dissemination of statistics on different aspects of labour.
•It releases Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers,
Agricultural/Rural Labourers, Retail Price Index of Selected Essential
Commodities in Urban Areas etc.
•Quick Employment Survey and Employment-Unemployment survey are
also being conducted by Labour Bureau.
9. With reference to the Tribal
Cooperative Marketing Development
Federation of India, consider the
following statements:
1. It is established under the Multi-
State Cooperative Societies Act, of
1984.
2. It works under the Ministry of
commerce.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
ट्राइबल िोऑपरेटिि माि
े टिंग डेिलपमेंि
फ
े डरेशन ऑफ इंडडया ि
े संदर्भ में
तनम्नललखखत िथनों पर विचार िीजजये:
1. यह 1984 ि
े बहु-राज्य सहिारी सलमतत
अगितनयम ि
े तहत स्थावपत किया गया है।
2. यह िाखणज्य मंत्रालय ि
े अिीन िायभ
िरता है।
उपरोक्त िथनों में से िौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?
A. ि
े िल 1
B. ि
े िल 2
C. 1 और 2 दोनों
D. न तो 1 और न ही 2
10. Answer - A
Explanation :
Prime Minister of India will inaugurate the Aadi Mahotsav festival of the Tribal
Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Ltd. (TRIFED) on
February 16 in New Delhi’s Major Dhyan Chand Stadium.
•TRIFED came into existence in 1987 under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies
Act, of 1984.
•It is a national-level apex organization functioning under the administrative
control of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
•Objectives of the Organisation: Socio-economic development of tribal people in
the country by way of marketing development of tribal products.
•The organisation assists tribal people in exploring and creating opportunities to
market the developed products in national and international markets on a
sustainable basis.
•Under the TRIBES India brand, the sourced handcrafted products from the tribal
people are sold.
11. With reference to Aero India 2023,
consider the following statements:
1. It is held once in every 2 years.
2. The theme of 2023 aero India is
“The runway to a billion
opportunities”.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
एयरो इंडडया 2023 ि
े संदर्भ में तनम्नललखखत
िथनों पर विचार िीजजये:
1. यह हर 2 साल में एि बार आयोजजत किया
जाता है।
2. 2023 एयरो इंडडया िी थीम “द रनिे िू ए
बबललयन अपॉचुभतनिीज” है।
उपरोक्त िथनों में से िौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?
A. ि
े िल 1
B. ि
े िल 2
C. 1 और 2 दोनों
D. न तो 1 और न ही 2
12. Answer - C
Explanation :
Recently, the Prime Minister of India inaugurated the 14th edition of
Aero India 2023 in Bengaluru.
•The Aero India show is held every 2 years.
•This year it is being organised by the Bengaluru-based defence PSU
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
•The theme of 2023: ‘‘The runway to a billion opportunities”.
•Besides the major entrepreneurs and investors in the defence and
aerospace industries, the event will witness the participation of
prominent defence think tanks and defence-related bodies from across
the world.
16. • With a view to bolstering the social and security framework along
the China border, the Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved
raising of seven new battalions of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police
(ITBP) and allocated ₹4,800 crore under the Vibrant Villages
Programme to stop migration and boost tourism in villages along
the border.
• The Cabinet Committee on Security cleared the proposal for
raising the new ITBP battalions during a meeting chaired by
Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• This would entail recruitment of 9,400 personnel for deployment
in Arunachal Pradesh, where 47 new border outposts and 12
staging camps are under construction. The outposts were
sanctioned in January 2020. In all, there are 176 ITBP outposts
along the 3,488-km Line of Actual Control.
17. About:
• Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP) has been announced in the
Finance Minister’s Budget Speech 2022.
• VVP is aiming at enhancing infrastructure in villages along India's
border with China, in states like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
and Arunachal Pradesh.
• Activities under the VVP include building infrastructure such as
housing, tourist centres, road connectivity, providing
decentralised renewable energy, direct-to-home access for
Doordarshan and educational channels, and support for
livelihood generation.
• The programme envisages coverage of border villages on
Northern border having sparse population, limited connectivity
and infrastructure, which often get left out from the
development gains.
19. • While the world is emerging from the acute phase of the COVID-
19 pandemic, the very harmful but invisible pandemic of
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is unfortunately here to stay.
• Global public health response has been threatened due to rising
misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals.
• Microbial resistance to antibiotics has made it harder to treat
infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), blood-poisoning
(septicaemia) and several food-borne diseases.
• AMR also imposes a huge health cost on the patient in the form
of longer hospitalisation, health complications and delayed
recovery. It puts patients undergoing major surgeries and
treatments, such as chemotherapy, at a greater risk.
• Many times, patients recover from advanced medical procedures
but succumb to untreatable infections.
20. • In 2019, AMR was associated with an estimated 4.95 million
human deaths. A 2018 report by the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) warned of a phenomenal
increase, by 2030, of resistance to back-up antibiotics (second
and third-line).
• India’s commitment to the cause was evident at the Third Global
High-Level Ministerial Conference on Antimicrobial Resistance
(November 24-25, 2022) held in Muscat, where over 30 countries
adopted the Muscat Ministerial Manifesto on AMR.
• The conference focused on three health targets: reduce the total
amount of antimicrobials used in the agri-food system at least by
30-50% by 2030; eliminate use in animals and food production of
antimicrobials that are medically important for human health;
and ensure that by 2030 at least 60% of overall antibiotic
consumption in humans is from the WHO “Access” group of
antibiotics.
21. • WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance
System (GLASS)
• Take the example of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic commonly used
to treat urinary tract infections. According to WHO, resistance to
ciprofloxacin varied from 8.4% to 92.9% for Escherichia coli (E.
coli) and from 4.1% to 79.4% for Klebsiella pneumoniae (a
bacteria that can cause life-threatening infections such as
pneumonia and intensive care unit- related infections).
• The National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (2017-21)
emphasised the effectiveness of the government’s initiatives for
hand hygiene and sanitation programmes such as Swachh Bharat
Abhiyan, Kayakalp and Swachh Swasth Sarvatra.
25. • These appointments are all signalling on the part of the
government, letting the members of the higher judiciary know
that they will be suitably rewarded if they issue favourable
decisions.
• While a Governor’s position may seem largely ceremonial, it is in
fact a squarely political appointment.
• To be fair, this is not the first government that has ventured so
far as to corrupt the judges in this fashion. Congress-led
governments, notably under Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi,
have done it too.
• Justice Y.V. Chandrachud had said that the greatest danger to the
judiciary lies within. Members of the judiciary cannot
compromise independence by trading it for a plum post-
retirement sinecure.
27. • China must agree to take a haircut on its loans to poor countries and assist
their economic recovery, India’s G-20 Sherpa has said, in a rare, direct
reference to Chinese debt of developing nations.
• “China needs to come out openly and say what their debt is and how to settle
it,”
• Meanwhile, Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe on Wednesday said
the debt-ridden island nation hoped to receive the IMF’s $2.9 billion package
by March to set the country’s economy on a path of recovery after last year’s
painful financial crash.
• Although the Export-Import Bank of China has offered a two-year moratorium
to Sri Lanka, Beijing is yet to provide specific financing assurances to the IMF
to help Sri Lanka unlock the $2.9 billion “bailout package” that Colombo is
desperately counting on to rebuild its economy.
31. • Thwaites Glacier is 120 km wide, fast-moving glacier located in
Antarctica.
• Because of its size (1.9 lakh square km), it contains enough water
to raise the world sea level by more than half a metre.
• Its melting already contributes 4% to global sea-level rise each
year. It is estimated that it would collapse into the sea in 200-900
years.
• Thwaites is often called the Doomsday Glacier.
32.
33. • ‘Windfall profits’ refer to an unanticipated spike in
earnings of an entity resulting from an exogenous event
(which could be one-off and/or prolonged) and not
resulting from a business decision.
• The B.K. Chaturvedi committee’s report on the Financial
Position of Oil Companies (2008) had stated that taxing of
these windfall gains has been seen as a prerogative of
governments, in part to meet fiscal needs and in part to
pursue redistributive justice.
34.
35. • The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in a report
flagged the “inhuman and deplorable” condition of all 46
government-run mental healthcare institutions across the
country.
• The report notes that the facilities are “illegally” keeping
patients long after their recovery, in what is an
“infringement of the human rights of mentally ill patients”.
• These observations were made after visits to all
operational government facilities, to assess the
implementation of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (MHA).
36. • Under Section 19 of the Act, the government was made responsible
for creating opportunities to access less restrictive options for
community living — such as halfway homes, sheltered
accommodations, rehab homes, and supported accommodation.
• The Act also discourages using physical restraints (such as chaining),
unmodified electro-convulsive therapy (ECT), and pushes for the right
to hygiene, sanitation, food, recreation, privacy, and infrastructure.
• Additionally, under Section 5, people are empowered to make
“advance directives”. They can nominate a representative for
themselves, thereby potentially helping to eliminate absolute forms
of guardianship in favour of supported decision-making.
• Under the MHA, all States are required to establish a State Mental
Health Authority and Mental Health Review Boards (MHRBs) —
bodies that can further draft standards for mental healthcare
institutes, oversee their functioning and ensure they comply with the
Act.
37.
38.
39.
40. Discuss the role of theVice-President of India as the Chairman of the Rajya
Sabha. (250 words)
राज्य सर्ा ि
े सर्ापतत ि
े रूप में र्ारत ि
े उपराष्ट्ट्रपतत िी र्ूलमिा िी वििेचना िीजजए।
(250 शब्द)
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Mains Practice Question:
41. Thank you
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