This presentation is on Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee act which was presented by social work student of Tara institute of social sciences, Mumbai in his class presentation. This act basically aims to provide employment to rural households who have job card and the act grantee the employment, for further read my ppt.

1. Presentation onPresentation on ““Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi
National Rural employment guaranteeNational Rural employment guarantee
actact””
By:By:
SantoshSantosh RamchiaryRamchiary
M.A Social work 1st yearM.A Social work 1st year
Enrolment no. M2017CJ027Enrolment no. M2017CJ027
TISS, MumbaiTISS, Mumbai

2. Introduction:Introduction:
This act was previously known as National RuralThis act was previously known as National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act of 2005. The basic aim ofEmployment Guarantee Act of 2005. The basic aim of
this act is to provide 100 days of employment (unskilledthis act is to provide 100 days of employment (unskilled
manual work) which is guaranteed by the governmentmanual work) which is guaranteed by the government
itself to any rural household within India and the wageitself to any rural household within India and the wage
rate is 120 Indian rupees per a day in 2009. The act wasrate is 120 Indian rupees per a day in 2009. The act was
first proposed in 1991 by P.V.first proposed in 1991 by P.V. NarasimhaNarasimha RaoRao. In 2006. In 2006
it was renamed from NREGA to MGNREGA (Mahatmait was renamed from NREGA to MGNREGA (Mahatma
Gandhi National rural employment guarantee) andGandhi National rural employment guarantee) and
implemented on the birth date of Mahatma Gandhi 2ndimplemented on the birth date of Mahatma Gandhi 2nd
of October, 2006. In the first phase it was launchedof October, 2006. In the first phase it was launched
mainly selected 200 districts of India, in 2nd later on inmainly selected 200 districts of India, in 2nd later on in
2007 to 2008 it added additional 130 districts and in 3rd2007 to 2008 it added additional 130 districts and in 3rd
phase it extended into additional 274 districts. Fromphase it extended into additional 274 districts. From
2008 all rural area of India covered under this scheme.2008 all rural area of India covered under this scheme.

3. ObjectivesObjectives
In one year, a minimum of 100 days ofIn one year, a minimum of 100 days of
unskilled work guaranteed for every ruralunskilled work guaranteed for every rural
household.household.
To gives security to the rural poor byTo gives security to the rural poor by
providing wage employment along withproviding wage employment along with
creating assets in the village.creating assets in the village.
Strengthens theStrengthens the PanchayatiPanchayati RajRaj InstitutionsInstitutions
Proactive inclusion and empowerment of poor,Proactive inclusion and empowerment of poor,

4. FeaturesFeatures
100 days of employment for each rural100 days of employment for each rural
household that has registered for employment.household that has registered for employment.
Employment guarantee.Employment guarantee.
Payment of wages to be made within 15 daysPayment of wages to be made within 15 days
of completion of work.of completion of work.
Failure to provide the work (within 15 days ofFailure to provide the work (within 15 days of
application) to be compensated in the form ofapplication) to be compensated in the form of
an unemployment allowance.an unemployment allowance.
TheThe labourlabour budget is calculated for onebudget is calculated for one
financial year is equal to No of households Xfinancial year is equal to No of households X
number of days X minimum wage.number of days X minimum wage.

5. Wage Material Ratio at GP/block level/district levelWage Material Ratio at GP/block level/district level --
60:40.60:40.
WageWage--seekers have the right to lodge complaints andseekers have the right to lodge complaints and
grievances and get redress.grievances and get redress.
At least 1/3 of the employment should be women.At least 1/3 of the employment should be women.
Work site facilities:Work site facilities: CrecheCreche, drinking water, first aid, drinking water, first aid
and shade provided at worksites.and shade provided at worksites.
Transparency & Accountability: Proactive disclosureTransparency & Accountability: Proactive disclosure
through social audit, Grievancethrough social audit, Grievance RedressalRedressal Mechanism.Mechanism.
Only job card holder will be employed.Only job card holder will be employed.
Wage payments to be through accounts in banks/postWage payments to be through accounts in banks/post
offices.offices.
Task to be performed by using manualTask to be performed by using manual labourlabour & not& not
machines (The act.)machines (The act.)

6. ImplementationImplementation
Under Sec 3 of this act each and every States areUnder Sec 3 of this act each and every States are
responsible for providing work in accordance withresponsible for providing work in accordance with
the Scheme.the Scheme.
Under Sec 4, every state government is required toUnder Sec 4, every state government is required to
make a scheme for providing not less than 100 daysmake a scheme for providing not less than 100 days
of guaranteed employment in a financial year, toof guaranteed employment in a financial year, to
those who demand workthose who demand work

7. Funding:Funding:
1.1. 25% of material including payment of wages to25% of material including payment of wages to
skilled and semi skilled workers cost & 100% ofskilled and semi skilled workers cost & 100% of
unemployment allowance by state government.unemployment allowance by state government.
2.2. 100% of wage amount for unskilled manual100% of wage amount for unskilled manual
work and 75% of material cost which includeswork and 75% of material cost which includes
payment to semipayment to semi--skilled and skilled work to beskilled and skilled work to be
provided by the central government.provided by the central government.

8. Social accountableSocial accountable
There should be twice social audit in GramThere should be twice social audit in Gram PanchayatPanchayat level in alevel in a
year. This can be said as active participation of the people inyear. This can be said as active participation of the people in thethe
MGNREGA. There is another online management system whichMGNREGA. There is another online management system which
is made available publicly which is called Managementis made available publicly which is called Management
information system. Almost 700000 villageinformation system. Almost 700000 village’’s details are unders details are under
online report system and payment record of nearly 130 milliononline report system and payment record of nearly 130 million
household, 280household, 280 million worker and 8.4 million works. Anothermillion worker and 8.4 million works. Another
importance point is that payment under MGNREGA is made byimportance point is that payment under MGNREGA is made by
online system where funds will be transfer to the zero balanceonline system where funds will be transfer to the zero balance
bank account of the beneficiary. From this we can view real timebank account of the beneficiary. From this we can view real time
expenditure details and movement of the funds. We also get openexpenditure details and movement of the funds. We also get open
disclose of the work done by the beneficiary, work details as wedisclose of the work done by the beneficiary, work details as we
can say as all necessary details which is supposed to be displaycan say as all necessary details which is supposed to be displayeded
in the notice board of the Gramin the notice board of the Gram PanchayatPanchayat..

9. Financial conditionFinancial condition
In 2012 to 2013 the financial allocation forIn 2012 to 2013 the financial allocation for
MGNREGA was 30723MGNREGA was 30723 crorecrore and it wasand it was
increased to 48000increased to 48000 crorecrore in 2016 to 2017in 2016 to 2017
financial year. 235financial year. 235 crorecrore person per a day wasperson per a day was
employed during 2015 to 2016 financial year. Inemployed during 2015 to 2016 financial year. In
2016 to 2017 financial year over 4.82016 to 2017 financial year over 4.8 crorecrore
households were provided employment in 142.64households were provided employment in 142.64
lakhlakh works under MGNREGA. The totalworks under MGNREGA. The total
expenditure of this program is as 3,76,546expenditure of this program is as 3,76,546 crorecrore
since its inception now for the year 2016 to 2017since its inception now for the year 2016 to 2017
the expenditure is Rs.51,902the expenditure is Rs.51,902 crorecrore (Government(Government
of India, MGNREGA website).of India, MGNREGA website).

10. The following table shows the current state and unionThe following table shows the current state and union
territory wise unskilled manual worker wage rate which isterritory wise unskilled manual worker wage rate which is
started from 1 April, 2017.started from 1 April, 2017.
RsRs. 192.00. 192.00GujaratGujarat77
RsRs. 240.00. 240.00GoaGoa66
RsRs. 172.00. 172.00ChhattisgarhChhattisgarh55
RsRs. 168.00. 168.00BiharBihar44
RsRs. 183.00. 183.00AssamAssam33
RsRs. 177.00. 177.00Arunachal PradeshArunachal Pradesh22
RsRs. 197.00. 197.00Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh11
Wage rateWage rateStateStateS/l no.S/l no.

11. RsRs. 201.00. 201.00MaharashtraMaharashtra1515
RsRs. 172.00. 172.00Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh1414
RsRs. 258.00. 258.00KeralaKerala1313
RsRs. 236.00. 236.00KarnatakaKarnataka1212
RsRs. 168.00. 168.00JharkhandJharkhand1111
RsRs. 179.00. 179.00Jammu & KashmirJammu & Kashmir1010
NonNon-- Scheduled area:Scheduled area:
RsRs. 179.00. 179.00
Scheduled area;Scheduled area; RsRs..
224.00224.00
Himachal PradeshHimachal Pradesh99
RsRs. 227.00. 227.00HaryanaHaryana88

12. RsRs. 197.00. 197.00TelanganaTelangana2525
RsRs. 205.00. 205.00Tamil NaiduTamil Naidu2424
RsRs. 177.00. 177.00SikkimSikkim2323
RsRs. 175. 175Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh2727
RsRs. 177.00. 177.00TripuraTripura2626
Rs.192.00Rs.192.00RajasthanRajasthan2222
RsRs. 233.00. 233.00PunjabPunjab2121
RsRs. 176.00. 176.00OdishaOdisha2020
RsRs. 177.00. 177.00NagalandNagaland1919
RsRs. 194.00. 194.00MizoramMizoram1818
RsRs. 175.00. 175.00MeghalayaMeghalaya1717
RsRs. 204.00. 204.00ManipurManipur1616

13. Source: Gazette of India, Ministry of rural development, New DelSource: Gazette of India, Ministry of rural development, New Delhi,hi,
28th of February, 201728th of February, 2017
RsRs. 205.00. 205.00PondicherryPondicherry3535
RsRs. 237.00. 237.00LakshadweepLakshadweep3434
RsRs. 195.00. 195.00Daman & DiuDaman & Diu3333
RsRs. 281.00. 281.00Dadra & Nagar HaveliDadra & Nagar Haveli3232
RsRs. 265.00. 265.00ChandigarhChandigarh3131
Andaman district:Andaman district: RsRs. 236.00. 236.00
& Nicobar District:& Nicobar District: RsRs..
249.00249.00
Andaman & NicobarAndaman & Nicobar3030
RsRs. 180.00. 180.00West BengalWest Bengal2929
RsRs. 175. 175UttarakhandUttarakhand2828

14. MGNREGA and women:MGNREGA and women:
This program gives special protection for womenThis program gives special protection for women
employment as it reserves 33% of employment foremployment as it reserves 33% of employment for
women. This program also provides equal pay for allwomen. This program also provides equal pay for all
gender so no gender discrimination in payment of thegender so no gender discrimination in payment of the
fund or wage to the beneficiary. In 2005 to 2009 thefund or wage to the beneficiary. In 2005 to 2009 the
percentage of bank account holder of women was 9%percentage of bank account holder of women was 9%
and it reached to 49% in 20011and it reached to 49% in 20011-- 12 which was the12 which was the
great increase of women participation in thegreat increase of women participation in the
employment and also in empowerment. As in 2016employment and also in empowerment. As in 2016--
2017 the worker percentage of women became 56%2017 the worker percentage of women became 56%
which was the highest participation of womenwhich was the highest participation of women

15. Observations & analysisObservations & analysis
MGNREGA benefits the rural poor households in India.MGNREGA benefits the rural poor households in India.
During 2011During 2011--12 it reached 25% of rural households and in 201612 it reached 25% of rural households and in 2016--1717
it reaches 72% households in rural India. Here mainly ST, SC,it reaches 72% households in rural India. Here mainly ST, SC,
women and other vulnerable section of society take participate.women and other vulnerable section of society take participate.
This program could bring 14% of poverty down.This program could bring 14% of poverty down.
The percentage of women employment also increases which bringsThe percentage of women employment also increases which brings
positive impact in rural market.positive impact in rural market.
In implementing this program there need to faces variousIn implementing this program there need to faces various
problems. There are decline in the households which works underproblems. There are decline in the households which works under
MGNREGA this is in 2012MGNREGA this is in 2012--13 the number of households who get13 the number of households who get
100 days of employment was 51.73100 days of employment was 51.73 lakhslakhs families and in 2014families and in 2014--1515
it became to 46.73it became to 46.73 lakhlakh households. This is the failure of thehouseholds. This is the failure of the
current government.current government.
These challenges occurs due to delays in wage payments, improperThese challenges occurs due to delays in wage payments, improper
planning at the Gramplanning at the Gram PanchayatPanchayat level, improper records,level, improper records,
inadequate capacities of implementing functionsinadequate capacities of implementing functions

16. ConclusionConclusion
Through some challenges and disadvantages.Through some challenges and disadvantages.
The MGNREGA is helping people in the ruralThe MGNREGA is helping people in the rural
area who are the beneficiary of that program.area who are the beneficiary of that program.
There should be proper functionary to functionThere should be proper functionary to function
this. Government needs to use proper methodsthis. Government needs to use proper methods
to employ people for the benefit of both.to employ people for the benefit of both.

17. ReferencesReferences
1. India, Ministry of rural development, New1. India, Ministry of rural development, New
Delhi. (2016).Delhi. (2016). State wise wage rate forState wise wage rate for
unskilled manual worksunskilled manual works. New. New Delhi:ControllerDelhi:Controller
ofof publishcationpublishcation, government of India., government of India.
2. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural2. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act. (Employment Guarantee Act. (n.dn.d.). Retrieved.). Retrieved
January 19, 2018, fromJanuary 19, 2018, from
http://http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/Act.aspxnrega.nic.in/netnrega/Act.aspx