3. Characteristics of Good Fuels:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
High Calorific Values
Moderate Ignition Temperature
Low Moisture Content
Low Ash Content
Moderate Velocity of Combustion
Should not produce harmful products
Low Cost
Easy Storage & Transportation
Easily Controllable
4. Classification
•
Natural or Primary Fuels
Solid
e.g.
Wood, Peat,
Lignite,
Bituminous
Coal, Dung
Liquid
e.g.
Crude Oil,
Vegetable Oil
Gaseous
e.g.
Natural Gas
6. Calorific Values:
•
Calorific Value of fuel is the total quantity of heat
liberated by complete combustion of a unit mass
(or volume) of the fuel.
• It can be expressed for Solid Fuels in terms of :
Cal/gm (CGS Unit)
Kcal/Kg (MKS Unit)
J/Kg (SI Unit)
B.Th.U. / lb (British Thermal Unit)
8. Calorific Values:
•
Calorific Value of fuel is the total quantity of heat
liberated by complete combustion of a unit mass
(or volume) of the fuel.
• It can be expressed for Gaseous Fuels in terms of :
Cal/lit (CGS Unit)
Kcal/m3 (MKS Unit)
J/m3 (SI Unit)
B.Th.U. / Ft3 (British Thermal Unit)
12. Higher Calorific Values:
•
It is the total amount of heat liberated, when unit
mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and
the products of combustion have been cooled to
room temperature (i.e. 15oC).
13. Lower Calorific Values:
•
It is the net amount of heat liberated, when unit
mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and
the products of combustion are allowed to escape.
14. Relation between GCV & LCV:
•
These can be related as:
NCV = GCV – Latent heat of water vapor formed
or
= GCV – (Mass of Hydrogen × Latent heat of steam)
= GCV – [(9 × Mass of hydrogen) × Latent heat of
steam]
If mass of hydrogen is expressed as % of H, then
NCV = GCV – [9× H/100 × 587] cal/gm
15. Determination of Calorific Value:
•
Calorific Value of the fuel is determined by
heating known amount of fuel, in presence of
oxygen in calorimeter.
•
Principle
o
Total heat liberated by complete combustion of
known amount of fuel is absorbed by the known
mass of water in calorimeter. From the rise in
temperature of water, the calorific value of fuel is
determined.
Notas do Editor
This template can be used as a starter file to give updates for project milestones.SectionsRight-click on a slide to add sections. Sections can help to organize your slides or facilitate collaboration between multiple authors.NotesUse the Notes section for delivery notes or to provide additional details for the audience. View these notes in Presentation View during your presentation. Keep in mind the font size (important for accessibility, visibility, videotaping, and online production)Coordinated colors Pay particular attention to the graphs, charts, and text boxes.Consider that attendees will print in black and white or grayscale. Run a test print to make sure your colors work when printed in pure black and white and grayscale.Graphics, tables, and graphsKeep it simple: If possible, use consistent, non-distracting styles and colors.Label all graphs and tables.
What is the project about?Define the goal of this projectIs it similar to projects in the past or is it a new effort?Define the scope of this projectIs it an independent project or is it related to other projects?* Note that this slide is not necessary for weekly status meetings
* If any of these issues caused a schedule delay or need to be discussed further, include details in next slide.
Duplicate this slide as necessary if there is more than one issue.This and related slides can be moved to the appendix or hidden if necessary.
The following slides show several examples of timelines using SmartArt graphics.Include a timeline for the project, clearly marking milestones, important dates, and highlight where the project is now.