Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) is Toyota's hybrid system that combines an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors. HSD provides benefits like reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and increased power. It works by recovering energy from braking and stopping the engine at idle to charge the batteries and power the electric motors. HSD systems are now used in many Toyota hybrid vehicle models and provide cleaner and more efficient driving compared to conventional gas engines alone.
2. Outline
The Environmental Issues
What is a Hybrid Vehicle?
History of the Hybrid
Hybrid efficiency
Myths about Hybrids
Hybrid Line-up
Hybrids in Fleets
The Future of Hybrid Technology
5. The Call to Action
“There is no future for the automotive industry
without the promotion of environmental
technology. Toyota is convinced that only
companies that succeed in this area will be
acceptable to society.”
Fujio Cho
Chairman, Toyota Motor Corporation
6. The Reality
“The new social priorities of the emerging era
will call for radically new approaches to
vehicles. Automakers have to address the
issue of co-existence with society, particularly
in relation to environmental preservation and
safety…”
Hiroshi Okuda
Chairman
Toyota Motor Corp., Japan, 2004
7. Environmental Commitment
Toyota is a world leader in producing advanced technology
vehicles that are environmentally friendly.
Toyota vehicles are consistently among the winners of
EnerGuide’s most fuel efficient vehicle in class awards.
Landfill Diversion & Recycling
Reduced landfill waste by 85% at TCI headquarters
Recycle 95% of packaging and parts at vehicle processing
and parts distribution centres
Environmental and Community Partnerships
Toyota Earth Day Scholarship
Toyota Evergreen Learning Grounds
8. A significant and growing percentage of customers
indicate a willingness to buy an environmentally
friendly vehicle
If, and only if, all other attributes are EQUAL
or Better
9. Technology Design Objectives
Significant fuel economy improvement.
Major reduction in exhaust emissions.
No new infrastructure needs (e.g. fuelling
stations).
No perceived difference by customer in
vehicle performance, handling, etc.
A competitive price to encourage adoption.
10. What is a Hybrid Vehicle?
What is a Hybrid System?
Fusion between an internal combustion
engine and electric motor—achieving different
functions through different power
combinations.
Automobile hybrid systems combine two
motive power sources, such as an internal
combustion engine and an electric motor.
12. Components in HSD
Nickel-metal battery –
50 kW, 273.6 Volts, 6.5 A·h capacity and weighing 53.3 kg
IC Engine –
1.8L, 4 Cylinder, Petrol Engine
Power Split and Control Device
Planetary Gears
AC/DC Inverter
Motor Generator I
Motor Generator II
15. 1959-
Henney Kilowatt was the first
transistor-based electric car
1990s-
automotive hybrid technology
became successful when the Honda
Insight & Toyota Prius became
available
2000s-
saw development of plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles
16. Types of HSD
SERIES HYBRID SYSTEM
The engine drives a
generator, and an electric
motor uses this generated
electricity to drive the
wheels. This is called a
series hybrid system
because the power flows to
the wheels in series, i.e.,
the engine power and the
motor power are in series.
17. PARALLEL HYBRID
SYSTEM
In a parallel hybrid
system, both the engine
and the electric motor
drive the wheels, and the
drive power from these
two sources can be
utilized according to the
prevailing conditions.
18. SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID
SYSTEM
This system combines
the series hybrid system
with the parallel hybrid
system in order to
maximize the benefits of
both systems.
20. Characteristics of Hybrid Systems
ENERGY-LOSS REDUCTION
The system automatically stops the idling of the
engine (idling stop), thus reducing the energy that
would normally be wasted.
ENERGY RECOVERY AND REUSE
The energy that would normally be wasted as
heat during deceleration and braking is recovered as
electrical energy, which is then used to power the
starter and the electric motor.
21. MOTOR ASSIST
The electric motor assists the engine during
acceleration.
HIGH-EFFICIENCY OPERATION CONTROL
The system maximizes the vehicle’s overall
efficiency by using the electric motor to run the vehicle
under operating conditions in which the engine’s
efficiency is low and by generating electricity under
operating conditions in which the engine’s efficiency is
high.
26. Special Purpose Vehicle Fuel Consumption
RX 400h / Highlander Hybrid
Δ 820 L/yr V6 Avg (Gas)
Δ 1400 L/yr V8 Avg (Gas)
7000
6000
5000
CO2 Emissions
4000
14.8 L/100 km
7.8 L/100 km
11.9 L/100 km
7.8 L/100 km
3000
2000
1000
0
RX400H Highlander Hybrid V6 Average (Gas) V8 Average (Gas)
Vehicle
27. Well-to-Wheel Efficiency
Electric cars are NOT “zero emissions” vehicles…
… because power generation creates emissions!
Mining coal Transporting coal Burning coal
Hybrids have the best Well-to-Wheel efficiency today
29. Hybrid Myths
• Hybrids pose a threat to first responders
The brightly-colored orange wires are heavily protected
and run underneath the floor in the center of the vehicle.
Rescue workers can cut through any door or even a
window-area without any fear of coming in contact with
them.
• Hybrid vehicles need to be plugged-in
Never! You never plug in the battery-pack. The engine
and regenerative braking provide the necessary
electricity.
• Hybrid Batteries need to be replaced
There have been no failures in service to date and there is
an 8 year / 160,000 km warrantee on all hybrid
components.
30. Contd…
• Hybrids are small and underpowered
As explained in the last couple of slides, this is simply
not the case. Hybrids out-perform their conventional
counterparts and often come equipped with features
not found on other models.
• Electromagnetic Fields in hybrids are harmful to human
health
EMFs inside and outside of Toyota hybrids are at the
same low levels as conventional gasoline vehicles.
Therefore there are no additional health risks to drivers,
passengers or by-standers.
• Hybrids are only about improving fuel economy
In addition to improved fuel efficiency, hybrid vehicles
produce less smog forming emissions, and offer
improved performance.
32. Future Hybrid Applications
Hybrids can be integrated into all power train configurations,
regardless of the power source.
33. Conclusion
Reducing wasted energy
Reducing the size & power of the ICE engine
Energy Efficient
Sustainable use of Non- renewable energy
resources
Eco-friendly