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FONOLOGIJA
GLASOVNE PROMJENE
ponavljanje i vježba
1. razred gimnazije
Anica Šušak, prof.
Gimnazija fra Dominika Mandića Široki Brijeg
Glasovne promjene
• Imate 6 riječi, a vaš je zadatak promijeniti ih kroz padeže ili od njih tvoriti neke nove riječi
(npr. majka – majci ; policajac – policajčev ).
• OTAC _________________ SVJEDODŽBA __________ USPJEH______________________
• NAGRADA _____________ VESEO_______________ OSLOBODITI __________________
• Primijetili ste da u riječima dolazi do glasovnih promjena, npr.:
• otac – oca – oče- očev
• svjedodžba – svjedočiti
• uspjeh – uspjesi
• nagrada – nagrađen
• veseo – vesela – veselje
• osloboditi – oslobođen- oslobođenje
• Mogli ste primijetiti kako neke riječi mijenjaju svoj oblik u nekom od padeža (osim N) dok kod nekih riječi
promjena dolazi u osnovnom obliku ( N, npr. svjedodžba – svjedoč + ba).
• Ponovit ćemo sve glasovne promjene koje ste već odradili.
Fonološki uvjetovane i morfološki uvjetovane
glasovne promjene
1. fonološki uvjetovane
jednačenje suglasnika po
zvučnosti
jednačenje suglasnika po
mjestu tvorbe
ispadanje suglasnika
stapanje suglasnika
2. morfološki uvjetovane
- palatalizacija
- sibilarizacija
- jotacija
- vokalizacija
-nepostojano a/ e
-prijeglas
-alternacije ije, je, e, i.
Prije vježbe ponovit ćemo neke pojmove:
• Jednačenje po zvučnosti = zamjena zvučnih i bezvučnih glasova ( zvučni: b,d,g,z,ž,đ,dž;
bezvučni: p,t,k,s,š,ć,č,h,f,c) , npr. narudžba = naruč + ba;
• Jednačenje suglasnika po mjestu tvorbe = nepalatalni glasovi s,z,h ispred palatala prelaze u
š,ž,š mte n ispred b, p prelazi u m, npr. hrašće = hrast + je – hrasće – hrašće;
• Stapanje suglasnika= kada se nađu dva ista suglasnika jedan do drugoga , oni se spajaju u
jedan, npr. predvorje = pred + dvorje;
• Palatalizacija = k,g,h,c,z ispred e,i prelaze u č,ž,š, npr. mjesec – mjeseče
• Sibilarizacija = k,g,h ispred i prelazi u c,z,s,npr., kruh – krusi
• Jotacija= spajanje nepalatala s glasom j u palatal, npr. drveće = drvet + je
• Vokalizacija= zamjena glasa l glasom o, npr. anđeo – anđela
• Prijeglas = zamjena glasa o glasom e iza palatala, npr. puž – puževi ; stol – stolovi
• Alternacije ije, je, e, i= kraćenje i duljenje korijenskog sloga, npr. ocijeniti – ocjena.
Kako je riječ
nastala?
Glasovna
promjena
mržnja
radošću
pečem
mjesečina
vesela
omamljen
ponižen
raščupati
lišće
1. Ispunite tablicu:
Vježbe:
Napišite uvećanice : mijeh,
pijetao
Napišite umanjenice: potok,
majka
Napišite 1.l.jd.prezenta: skakati,
teći
Napišite N mn.: đak, orah
Napišite V jd.: vitez, otac
2. Napišite zadane oblike:
3. Definirajte glasovne promjene u riječima iz
prethodnog zadatka.

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6.4.-8.4.-Glasovne-promjene.pdf

  • 1. FONOLOGIJA GLASOVNE PROMJENE ponavljanje i vježba 1. razred gimnazije Anica Šušak, prof. Gimnazija fra Dominika Mandića Široki Brijeg
  • 2. Glasovne promjene • Imate 6 riječi, a vaš je zadatak promijeniti ih kroz padeže ili od njih tvoriti neke nove riječi (npr. majka – majci ; policajac – policajčev ). • OTAC _________________ SVJEDODŽBA __________ USPJEH______________________ • NAGRADA _____________ VESEO_______________ OSLOBODITI __________________ • Primijetili ste da u riječima dolazi do glasovnih promjena, npr.: • otac – oca – oče- očev • svjedodžba – svjedočiti • uspjeh – uspjesi • nagrada – nagrađen • veseo – vesela – veselje • osloboditi – oslobođen- oslobođenje • Mogli ste primijetiti kako neke riječi mijenjaju svoj oblik u nekom od padeža (osim N) dok kod nekih riječi promjena dolazi u osnovnom obliku ( N, npr. svjedodžba – svjedoč + ba). • Ponovit ćemo sve glasovne promjene koje ste već odradili.
  • 3. Fonološki uvjetovane i morfološki uvjetovane glasovne promjene 1. fonološki uvjetovane jednačenje suglasnika po zvučnosti jednačenje suglasnika po mjestu tvorbe ispadanje suglasnika stapanje suglasnika 2. morfološki uvjetovane - palatalizacija - sibilarizacija - jotacija - vokalizacija -nepostojano a/ e -prijeglas -alternacije ije, je, e, i.
  • 4. Prije vježbe ponovit ćemo neke pojmove: • Jednačenje po zvučnosti = zamjena zvučnih i bezvučnih glasova ( zvučni: b,d,g,z,ž,đ,dž; bezvučni: p,t,k,s,š,ć,č,h,f,c) , npr. narudžba = naruč + ba; • Jednačenje suglasnika po mjestu tvorbe = nepalatalni glasovi s,z,h ispred palatala prelaze u š,ž,š mte n ispred b, p prelazi u m, npr. hrašće = hrast + je – hrasće – hrašće; • Stapanje suglasnika= kada se nađu dva ista suglasnika jedan do drugoga , oni se spajaju u jedan, npr. predvorje = pred + dvorje; • Palatalizacija = k,g,h,c,z ispred e,i prelaze u č,ž,š, npr. mjesec – mjeseče • Sibilarizacija = k,g,h ispred i prelazi u c,z,s,npr., kruh – krusi • Jotacija= spajanje nepalatala s glasom j u palatal, npr. drveće = drvet + je • Vokalizacija= zamjena glasa l glasom o, npr. anđeo – anđela • Prijeglas = zamjena glasa o glasom e iza palatala, npr. puž – puževi ; stol – stolovi • Alternacije ije, je, e, i= kraćenje i duljenje korijenskog sloga, npr. ocijeniti – ocjena.
  • 5. Kako je riječ nastala? Glasovna promjena mržnja radošću pečem mjesečina vesela omamljen ponižen raščupati lišće 1. Ispunite tablicu: Vježbe: Napišite uvećanice : mijeh, pijetao Napišite umanjenice: potok, majka Napišite 1.l.jd.prezenta: skakati, teći Napišite N mn.: đak, orah Napišite V jd.: vitez, otac 2. Napišite zadane oblike: 3. Definirajte glasovne promjene u riječima iz prethodnog zadatka.