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Presenter: Dr Sandhya Rani Javalkar
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 What is an NGO?
 History of NGO
 Role and responsibilities of NGO
 Difference in NGO and GO
 NGO as partner in health care delivery
 NGO and NRHM
 Leading NGOs – Nationally and Internationally
 Advantages of NGO in health care
 Few review articles
 Few NGOs
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 Include organizations engaged in public service,
based on ethical, social, religious.
 Formal/ Informal groups
 Following characteristics:
 Private, Self-governing
 Registered organizations/ informal groups
 Defined aims and objectives
 Do not return profits
Source: NGO India website, http://ngo.india.gov.in/faq_ngo.php 4

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 Dates long back in history
 During 18th century: emergence of self help
 Friend-in-Need Society (1858)
 Prathana Samaj (1864)
 Satya Shodhan Samaj(1873)
 In 1916 : Mahatma Gandhi’s focus on Swadeshi
movement,Voluntary action.
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 1951: First Five-Year Plan
 “In any plan for social and economic regeneration, state
should give them maximum cooperation in
strengthening their efforts.”
 1965–1966: International NGOs entered India in
significant numbers
 1980 :NGOs began to be formally recognized as
development partners of the state
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 India witnessing NGO boom
 Around 20 lakh of them in states and union
territories.
 There is 1 for every 600 people.
 one policeman for every 943 people.
 India has just one doctor for every 1,700 people.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-witnessing-NGO-boom-there-is-1-for-
every-600-people/articleshow/30871406.cms
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 Participatory Research in Asia, 1982
 Engaged in religious activities: 26.5%
 Work in the area of social service: 21.3%
 NGOs works in education: one in five
 Fields of sports and culture: 17.9%
 Only 6.6% work in the health sector.
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Types of
NGO
Service Empowering
Charitable Participatory
Looking at the role of the Non-Governmental Organizations in primary health
care field in India to meet the Millennium Development Goals.
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Supplem
enting
GO
Health
legislation
Role
of
NGO
Pioneering
EducationService
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GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION
NON GOVERNMENT
ORGANISATION
Prof. Amartya Sen,
the relationship
between the state and
NGOs is one of
“cooperative conflict”.
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 Health Education
 Clinic Services.
 Water and sanitation
 Nutrition
 Communicable
diseases
 Family planning
Nearly half (42%) had targeted the poor as their main
beneficiaries. Followed by Mothers, youth and general public
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 A comprehensive and
innovative health care
system
 Primary health care to
advanced surgical care
 Access to health was non
existent in a wider
radius.
 Today- 2500 employee
and 12 centres
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Primary group
• Most elementary
course
• To village women
usually illiterate
• Hygiene, common
ailments
• 1 week of training
The second group
• Illiterate women
• Trained by GK for
the government.
• 1 month of training
• Evaluated by a GK
doctor
• Gov stipend
The third group
• Paramedics, 5
yrs schooling
• To treat
diseases
• How and when
blood, urine,
sputum and
stool tests
• Family planning14

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 Work for greater understanding and positive attitudes
 Assist national policy formation in health care.
 Establish greater collaboration, coordination
 Evaluative techniques to render all new programs are
accountable to real community needs
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 Particular attention to local community development groups
 Conduct reviews and assessment of existing health
programs
 Enables communities to assume greater responsibility for
their own health
 Ensure increase in beneficiaries for existing programs
 Expand their training efforts, e.g., training of health
workers, supervisors.
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 Supplementary or complementary role
 Selection/approval of the NGOs and overseeing
implementation of the projects
 Key features:
 Decentralization of the schemes
 Emphasis on measurable qualitative and quantitative
performance indicators.
 Increased interface of NGOs with Government bodies.
 Rationalization of the jurisdiction area serviced by the NGO
to provide in depth service.
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 MOTHER NGO (MNGO) SCHEME
 SERVICE NGO (SNGO) SCHEME
 STATE NGO COORDINATORS (SNGOCS)
 RRCs
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 Implementing the mutually agreed
programme of collaboration
 Utilize the opportunities to disseminate
information policies and programmes.
 Collaborate individually or collectively in
WHO programmes to further health-for-all
goals.
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WHO | Principles Governing Relations with Nongovernmental
Organizationshttp://www.who.int/civilsociety/relations/principles/en/ 6/6

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 Lepre society
 Uday foundation
 Aravind eye care system
 Smile foundation
 Udaan
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 CARE(Co operative assistance and relief)
 HelpAge
 Rotary International
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 Flexible ,Transparent, accountable and
efficient
 Strengthen PPP
 Strengthen International co operation
 Significant influence on national program,
policies and legislations
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 Inequitable distribution
 Political pressure
 Limited resources
 Gov Co operation
 Aid providing agencies
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 By Nance Upham, Review of the NGO experiences
in selected Asian countries.
 Looked at four aspects:
 Health care and socio-economic context.
 Global advocacy capacities
 Proven capacities for comprehensive primary health
care
 Capacities to innovate and prepare health systems
for the future.
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 Health System for the poor need not be poor
health system
 NGOs favour “best of” in Primary Health Care
NGOs’ assets:
 Know-how to deliver good health care to poor
 Powerful advocacy capacity for health as a
human right
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 WHO publication stated that:
 NGOs are not ready for engagement in the
governance of the national programme.
 No networking amongst NGOs to be able to
partner and exercise voice.
 At present NGOs work in isolation
 Negative competitive orientation
http://www.who.int/macrohealth/events/civil_society_asia/en/Potential_for_Governme
nt_NGO_Partnership_in_Health_Care.pdf 26

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PHFI: Public health foundation India
 Independent accredition body to regulate
standards of health education
 Establishing strong research network
 Catalysing growth and evolution
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 Henry Dunant, buisnessman
 1859
 Objective: aid to the wounded
without distinction
 Activities:
 Disaster management
 First aid
 Maternal and child welfare
 Health education
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 Working in 35 states
 More than 400 branches
 Objective: promotion of health, prevention of disease
and mitigation of suffering
 Activities :
 Relief
 Medical supplies
 Maternal and child welfare services, FP
 Blood Bank and First aid
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 Mr John D Rockfeller
 Public health and medical education
 India: 1920
 Uniqueness: All India Institute of Hygiene
and Public health, Kolkatta.
 Family planning, rural training centre and
medical education
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 Location: Ground Floor, MillenniumTowers, Opp Highland
Hospital, Falnir, Mangalore
VISION STATEMENT:
 To reach out through humanitarian efforts and to
articulate frameworks that advance conversations in
health and development
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 NGO India website, http://ngo.india.gov.in/faq_ngo.php
 Partnership with Non- Government Organisations, NRHM, Chapter
8.101-104
 Civil Society Initiative (CSI) Principles Governing Relations with
NongovernmentalOrganizations
 WHO and Civil Society: Linking for better health External Relations and
Governing Bodies C IV I L S O C I ETY I N IT I AT IV EWorld Health
OrganizationWHO/CSI/2002/DP1
 Nance Upham, Making Health CareWork for the Poor Efficiency in Health
Delivery Systems “Best of” in Primary Health Care Review of the NGO
experiences in selected Asian countries.WHO publication
 Potential for Gov-NGO partnership in Health
carehttp://www.who.int/macrohealth/events/civil_society_asia/en/Poten
tial_for_Government_NGO_Partnership_in_Health_Care.pdf
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-witnessing-NGO-boom-
there-is-1-for-every-600-people/articleshow/30871406.cms
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