1. STUDY REPORT
Power House (Services)
Submitted by: Sheikh Salman Hassan
Department: Electrical
Institution: FAST-NUCES, Karachi
PAKISTAN ORDINANCE FACTORY, WAH CANTT

2. Energy Requirements in POF
• Total Capacity of Pakistan ordinance factory generation is about 36MW.
• POF generate only 11MW due to shortage of Gas supply.
• Total Consumption of POF factory and domestic consumers are about 26MW
• POF import remaining 15MW from WAPDA.
Ways of Generation of Electricity in POF
In POF production of electricity are made by two ways.
• Self-generation of POF
• Import from WAPDA
Self-generation of POF
POF has its own self generation power plant from where POF produce about 10mw to 12MW
through gas. In power generation house we produce electricity by steam which is produce with
natural gas boilers. This steam runs turbines for electric generation.
Import from WAPDA
POF has a power plant that has the capacity to fulfill all the electricity requirement of factory as
well as domestic use but due to the unavailability of the natural gas we import remaining
electricity from WAPDA because consumption of POF is 28MW to 30 MW.
Production resources in POF
In POF we produce electricity through
• Furnas oil or Natural Gas
• Steam Turbines
In POF three steam turbines are used which produce about 10MW, 8 MW and 8 MW.
10MW gas generation plant
10MW gas generation plant is totally programmable logic control based auto DCO system for
the production of electricity.
7 Boilers are used for the production of 10MW electricity.

3. Pressure of steam will be 370 PSI or 25bar.
Temperature of inside boiler steam is 370o
C.
Boiler Steam Generation
1 boiler generate about 24 tons / hours steam.
Boiler Control
• Water Level Control
• Air Control
• Gas Control
• Steam flow Control
Boilers Working
• Water Treatment plant
• Economizer
• Steam Turbines
• Safety valves
• Furnace
Block diagram of Boiler

4. Water Treatment plant
To increase the efficiency of turbines we convert hard water into soft water.
Storage Tank: In storage tank water is stored .lift pump is used to feed the water into Hot
water tank. The temperature at storage tank is about 70-90o
F.
Economizer
The Unburn gasses flows through the pipes which have water so we recycle heat and use this
heat for increasing the temperature of water.
Safety valves
Three are three valves for the safety of turbine these valves operate at different pressure.

5. • 375 0
C
• 380 0
C
• 395 0
C
When temperature reaches at 375 0
C first valve operate and shows indication after 380 0
C the
furnace trip and automatic relays break the circuit automatically.
Safety valve:
It is used to relieve pressure and prevent possible explosion of a boiler.
Water level indicators:
They show the operator the level of fluid in the boiler, also known as a sight glass, water gauge
or water column is provided.
Bottom blow-down valves:
They provide a means for removing solid particulates that condense and lay on the bottom of a
boiler. As the name implies, this valve is usually located directly on the bottom of the boiler, and
is occasionally opened to use the pressure in the boiler to push these particulates out.
Continuous blow-down valve:
This allows a small quantity of water to escape continuously. Its purpose is to prevent the water
in the boiler becoming saturated with dissolved salts. Saturation would lead to foaming and
cause water droplets to be carried over with the steam - a condition known as priming.
Hand holes: They are steel plates installed in openings in "header" to allow for inspections &
installation of tubes and inspection of internal surfaces.
Steam drum
Steam drums internals, a series of screen, scrubber & cans (cyclone separators).
Low- water cutoff

6. It is a mechanical means (usually a float switch) that is used to turn off the burner or shut off fuel
to the boiler to prevent it from running once the water goes below a certain point. If a boiler is
"dry-fired" (burned without water in it) it can cause rupture or catastrophic failure.
Surface blow-down line
It provides a means for removing foam or other lightweight non-condensable substances that
tend to float on top of the water inside the boiler.
Circulating pump
It is designed to circulate water back to the boiler after it has expelled some of its heat.
Feed-water checks valve or clack valve
A non-return stop valve in the feed water line. This may be fitted to the side of the boiler, just
below the water level, or to the top of the boiler.
Top feed
A check valve (clack valve) in the feed water line, mounted on top of the boiler. It is intended to
reduce the nuisance of lime scale. It does not prevent lime scale formation but causes the lime
scale to be precipitated in a powdery form which is easily washed out of the boiler.
12 De-super-heater tubes or bundles
A series of tubes or bundles of tubes in the water drum or the steam drum designed to cool
superheated steam. Thus is to supply auxiliary equipment that doesn't need, or may be damaged
by, dry steam.

7. Water tube boiler fire tube boiler
This hot water enter into the main boiler .the boilers have interlinking tubes. Furnace is inside the
upper and lower drum boiler is close terminal steam is produce inside the furnace has a
temperature of about 3700C and has a pressure of 370 PSI.
Steam Turbines
As we know as the temperature of furnace increase then PRM of turbine also increase measns
they have directly proportional to each other.
Turbines revolute at the speed of 8000 RPM and these turbines tripping at the speed of 9000
RPM.
There are three types turbines these are as follows..
• Impulse turbines
• Reaction turbines
• Impulse reaction turbines (Compound turbine)
In POF Impulse reaction turbines (Compound turbine) is used .these turbines have two sides
• LT side which has low pressure
• HT side of turbine which has High temperature
In POF three steam turbines are used which produce about 10MW, 5 MW and 8 MW.

8. 10MW gas generation plant
10MW gas generation plant is totally programmable logic control based auto DCO system for
the production of electricity.
7 Boilers are used for the production of 10MW electricity.
Pressure of steam will be 370 PSI or 25bar.
Temperature of inside boiler steam is 370o
C.
Alternator
Alternator operate son the principle of faraday law of electro magnetism.
According to faraday law when moving coil rotate on the permanent magnet then a flux is
generate at its surrounding and this flux induced voltage at its surrounding.
Alternator’s moving coil has a speed of about 15000 RPM.Alternator’s coil is moved by the
small generator which also called as excitatory.
Excitation
Excitator acts like a small generator it has a slip ring, carbon brushes and a permanent magnet as
generators have Reduction gear is used to reduce the speed of the moving coil to 1500 RPM.