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2. OVERVIEW
1) Introduction
2) Cause of piezoelectricity
3) Discovery
4) Materials exhibiting this property
5) Field of applications
6) Mechanism of some applications
7) Conclusion
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3. WHAT THE PIEZOELECTRICITY IS
Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain
materials to generate an electric charge in
response to applied mechanical stress.
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4. Reverse piezoelectric effect:
when voltage is applied on two opposite
surfaces of a piezoelectric material that
shows expansion or contraction.
Piezoelectricity is derived from the Greek
word “piezo” or “piezein” which means to
squeeze or press.
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8. APPLICATION FIELDS
A. As high voltage power source:
LPG stove Lighter and Cigarette lighter
Energy harvesting in micro scale (New concept)
Piezoelectric transformer (New concept)
B. Sensors and Actuators:
High precision piezoelectric microphones
Electric guitar pickup
Piezoelectric micro balance (very sensitive chemical
and biological sensors)
Strain gauge
Electronic drum pad
Pressure sensors
Accelerometer (New concept)
Loud speaker and buzzer(Actuator)
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9. C. As frequency standard:
General quartz clock
Crystal oscillator
D. Sonic and Ultra sonic applications
Underwater submarine detection
Ultrasound in medical technology
Metal fault detection
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10. E. Piezoelectric motor:
A piezoelectric motor or piezo motor is a type
of electric motor based upon the change in
shape of a piezoelectric material when an
electric field is applied.
Piezoelectric motors make use of the
converse piezoelectric effect whereby the
material produces acoustic or ultrasonic
vibrations in order to produce a linear or rotary
motion due to friction.
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12. Uses of piezoelectric motor:
Movement of camera lens
Rotation of radar
Very small scale valve control
Laser movement in case of biomedical modern operations
Advantages:
No stray field effect
High resolution and high accuracy
Rapid response
Wide range of angular steps and angular velocities
Disadvantages:
Necessity for a high frequency power supply
Large scale devices are impossible
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13. MECHANISM OF LPG STOVE LIGHTER
When a piezoelectric material is hammered a
high voltage is generated and causes spark.
Which is the basis of piezoelectric LPG
lighter.
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17. Clock uses piezoelectric quartz crystal Oscillator as
frequency standard for tracking the time.
Battery provides current to input microchip circuit
Input microchip circuit makes quartz crystal (precisely
cut and shaped like a tuning fork) oscillate (vibrate)
32768 times per second.
Output microchip circuit detects the crystal's oscillations
and turns them into regular electric pulses, one per
second.
Electric pulses drive miniature electric stepping motor.
This converts electrical energy into mechanical power.
Electric stepping motor turns gears.
Gears sweep hands around the clock-face to keep time
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20. An ac voltage is applied to the VIN electrodes, causing
mechanical expansion and compression in the thickness
direction.
This displacement on the primary is transferred as a force in
the longitudinal or length direction.
Mechanical resonance occurs Due to transverse and
longitudinal vibration.
Voltage gain is a function of the PZT is given by
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Where g(w) is piezoelectric material co-
efficient
22. ENERGY HARVESTING USING PIEZOELECTRICITY
Vibrations can be used to generate electricity
in micro scale using piezoelectric materials.
Sources of vibration:
Walk sides
Railway tracks
Shoes or boots
Mobile keypad and keyboard
Floor mat, tiles and carpets
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23. 23
This is the circuit for utilisation of generated energy.
The generated ac voltage is rectified and stored in a
capacitor for use.
Also trickle charge can be provided to a battery to
recharge it.
24. CONCLUSION
Revolutionary concept in the field of sensors
and transducers.
There are also some future aspects those
need to be developed such as piezoelectric
accelerometer, motor, underwater acoustic
transducers, piezoelectric transformers ect.
Energy harvesting through piezoelectricity is
both economical and eco-friendly.
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25. REFERENCES
BOOKS
J.P. Bentley, Principles of Measurement Systems-
Pearson Education
William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch, Material
Science and Engineering an introduction, Wiley
Publication
How it works, The clock, A CBT Publication
K. Krishna Murty, How things work?, Pustak Mahal
WEB
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/quartzclockwatch.html
http://www.mmech.com/transformers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_accelerometer
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/accelerometers.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_motor
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