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Missouri ozark plateau speidel
1. Lessons Learn by the Little Rivers Drainage
District infrastructure improvements were
supported by legislation and entrepreneurs
collaboration can help bring creative solutions
to new water resource challenges.
By David Speidel, Kenneth R. Olson and Lois Wright Morton
Presented at the 71st Annual SWCS International Conference
2. Established Little River Drainage District (LRDD) in
1905 at a meeting in Cape Girardeau.
Headwaters Diversion system was created to divert
the runoff water from 720,000 acres in the Ozark
plateau and Francois mountains.
A 45 mile diversion levee and channel was created to
keep the Castor and Whitewater rivers and Crooked
Creek from regularly spilling into the bottomland and
created (Big Swamp).
3. Missouri
Illinois
Diversion and
Levees
Roads
Little River
Drainage
Watershed
St. Johns
Bayou Watershed
Little River
Headwater
Diversion
Watershed
Mississippi River
Sediment Basin
Interstate
Highways55
Rivers
City or Village
Legend
31 km
20 miles
Railroads
51
51
51
34
177
177
91
91
51
34
72
72
55
55
Cape
Girardeau
Advance
Diversion
Channel
Diversion
Channel
Diversion
Embankment
Diversion
Embankment
Castor
River
Castor
River
Whitewater
River
Whitewater
River
Greenbriar
Floodwall
Perryville
Jackson
Francois
Mountains
Fredricktown
Francois
Mountains
Ozark
Plateau
Francois
Mountains
Ozark
Plateau
Commerce
St. Johns Bayou
Watershed
Marble Hill
Airport
Sediment
Basin
Historic Big
Swamp
67
67
67
N
5. LRDD shares maintenance with Army Corps to monitor levee and
manage ground water under the levee.
Over 200 Seepage Wells support Diversion
6. Headwaters Diversion Channel starts where the name changes to
Castor River Division and enters the Dark Cypress Swamp
Castor River off Rt. 51 Cape Girardeau Co.
7. The river provides the worlds largest transportation corridor
for Midwest grain from farms, timber and lumber from forests
and other materials that support U.S. commerce
Headwaters Diversion Channel empties
into the Mississippi up stream of Port Cape
8. Mingo National Wildlife Refuge viewed here from a Ozark rock outcrop
Drainage starts at the Cato Levee separating the Castor River Dark Cypress
Swamp from the Duck Creek State Wildlife refuge flows into the Mingo.
On west boundary Over 50,000
acres reclaimed for wildlife
9. The wildlife refugee has set aside over 25,000 acres.
Organization started in the 1940s from a failed
farmland drainage project.
Mingo Swamp From Boardwalk
Mingo National Wildlife Refugee
10. How did the LRDD manage to achieve its dream of this
channel through the swamps?
Headwater Diversion Channel
11. LRDD work crew, men eating meal in camp; tent and stove in
background Photo Courtesy of LRDD and Missouri State Archives LRDD 2506
Men that built the Panama Cannel built the
Diversion Channel and Drainage Ditches for the LRDD
12. Projects
Challenges
Originally Railheads
had river landings
The Big Swamp
created by the
Ancient River
Thebes cutoff join
the two great Rivers
Consequents' today
Backwater from
River
Recharge
Groundwater
Flooding
downstream
Missouri
Illinois
Morley
Oran
Delta
Chaffee
Dutchtown
Cape
Girardeau
Trail
of Tears
State
Forest
Shawnee
National
Forest
Levee
Hickory
Ridge
Ringer
Hill
Bird's
Hill
Sediment
Basin
Whitewater
River
Crooked
Creek
Williams
Creek
Diversion
Channel
Little
River
Benton
Jackson
Hill
North Cut
Ditch
Doolan
Shute
Commerce
to Birds Point
Levee
Power
Island
Farmer
Levee Len
Small
Levee
Fayville
Fayville
Levee
Scott
City
Sals
Creek
Ramsy
Creek
Thebes
Illmo
Olive
Branch
Marquette
Island
Gale
Flood Wall
New
Hamburg
Historic
Big
Swamp
Historic
Big
Swamp
Location of
Ancient
Mississippi
River
Whitewater
River
La Croix
Creek
Juden
Creek
Scism
Creek
Duskin
Creek
Indian
Creek
Mississippi
River
Mississippi
River
Horseshoe
Lake
Sandy
Creek
Little
Flora
Creek
Flora
Creek
Bainbridge
Creek
Dutch
Creek
Sexton
Creek
Cape
Girardeau
Airport
Bedrock
river
bottom
Missouri
Commerce
Levee
Levee
Burnham
Island
Goose
Island
177 177
3461
61
74
74
3
77
55
55
25
25
3
146
61
Alluvial bottom lands (in Missouri and Illinois)
Urban Land (cities)
31 km
20 miles
Bedrock controlled uplands (in Missouri and Illinois)
River bottom under lain by alluvial,
lacustrine and outwash, lakes and ponds
River bottom under lain by bedrock rock
removal site
Legend
55
Interstate
Highways (I-55)
Roads
Streams
Floodwall Towns
Railroads
Levees
N
3
146
14. Producer measures the well water flow rate after cleaning the
well and replacing components damaged by the backwater
flood. A second irrigation pivot close to channel had
eight foot of backwater.
Cropland within the Headwater’s backwater
15. Every season Groundwater fluctuates below the diversion. Landowners
interested in protecting these areas on private land can use the
Wetland Reserve Program when combined with cropland.
Castor River cut off by Diversion
16. City of Cape Girardeau downtown Flood Wall and
Emerson Bridge shown in background
Flood protection must adapt to development
17. Railroad Bridge crossing Mississippi River at
Thebes 2012 low water.
Water levels affect Navigation of River