July 29-330-Mike Kucera
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2019 SWCS International Annual Conference July 28-31, 2019 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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July 29-330-Mike Kucera
- 1. Implementing Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Process-Based Web-Technology Mike Kucera Agronomist, National Erosion Database Steward, Acting National Erosion Specialist National Soil Survey Center Lincoln, NEWEPP Introduction 1
- 2. Wind and Water Erosion Results Conservation Planning Development and Delivery CR LMOD: Conservation Resources Land Management Operations Database and other data delivery services to NRCS models and tools All web-based applications (4) Cloud database services vs PC software install No user required database maintenance 4 Web-based Tools WEPP Introduction 2 • Field to Market • SWAT • COMET
- 3. WEPP: Water Erosion Prediction Project WEPS: Wind Erosion Prediction System Process based, daily time step, event driven crop system erosion models: NRCS core crop system erosion models for conservation planning (compare benchmark to alternatives) Web based applications and database services Each model simulation: 5 user inputs from conservation plan inventory 7 process based sub-models Crop system results and reports. WEPP science model 1. Soil 2. Climate 3. Management 4. Hydrology 5. Plant growth 6. Decomposition 7. Erosion WEPS science model 1. Soil 2. Climate 3. Management 4. Hydrology 5. Plant growth 6. Decomposition 7. Erosion WEPP Introduction 3
- 4. WEPP Implementation 4• 2013 NRCS announcement on WEPP • 2016 Federal Register Notice • July 2018 -Final user testing (2nd) • September- October 2018— State Agronomist training completed • October 2018 – 5 year development agreements (WEPP and WEPS) • February 2019 – Stewardship Management Application available for publishing CR-LMOD. • April 2019 – HELC WEPP RUSLE2 comparison • August 2019 - Complete CR-LMOD4 database updates • Near future– Transition to WEPP and adapt use of other tools i.e. P-Indexes, RUSLE2, WEPS, CRLMOD, etc. • Future Enhancements – Watershed features, common interface for wind, water, & watershed
- 5. Overview of the WEPP Interface Project Screen - Simulation Inputs & Results Map Screen Management Screen History Screen Results Analysis Help Screen Reports WEPP Introduction 5
- 6. WEPP opens up to the following screen called WEPP “Project” Interface Input Area Output (Results Area) PROJECT SCREEN WEPP Introduction 6
- 7. MAP SCREEN Imagery View Location Options Point - Example Digitized - Example Area - Example Map Choices WEPP Introduction 7
- 8. Management Selection & Editing CMZ with Template Folders Templates within CMZ Folder Selected Template for Editing MANAGEMENT SCREEN WEPP Introduction 8 NOTE: All Managements must Start with the first Operation of the Calendar Year – WEPP and WEPS run on Calendar Years
- 9. Example Simulation – Starts on the Project Screen Location & Soil Field & Client PRISM Defined Slope Strips & Barriers Results Click to get PDF Summary of Simulation This opens a panel that displays sediment and soil loss by segment – Used for Filter Strip Design This opens a panel to display ranges in soil loss, runoff, rainfall, irrigation, soil evaporation, plant transpiration WEPP Introduction 9
- 10. Planned No Till Corn & Soybeans Benchmark Fall Chisel Corn and Soybeans Fall Chisel Corn & Soybeans No Till Corn & Soybeans Model Output Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Precipitation (in/yr) 34.64 21.65 52.11 34.64 21.65 52.11 Sediment Delivery (t/yr) 1.1 0.01 3.98 0.15 0.01 0.66 Soil Loss (ton/ac/yr) 6.39 0.07 23.09 0.84 0.05 3.86 Irrigation (in/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Runoff (in/yr) 7.56 2.77 21.48 6.89 2.08 20.12 Plant Transpiration (in/yr) 14.91 8.55 20.54 14.91 8.82 20.35 Soil Evaporation (in/yr) 11.57 7.09 15.38 9.77 4.97 13.07 Annual Statistics Report – 100 Years WEPP Introduction 10
- 11. HISTORY SCREEN • This is where the saved simulations are listed (benchmark, alternative, compliance, etc.). • User can select any or all simulations and print in the NRCS Practice Report Shown: • Benchmark Run • Planned Run In this case the planner can print each result separately or combined by checking the box in the “Select” column. WEPP Introduction 11
- 12. The “Results Analysis Screen” Displays Soil loss along the slope profile The slope profile The bi-monthly precipitation The average annual soil loss on a bi-weekly basis Canopy Cover Canopy Height Interrill Cover Live Biomass (Dry Weight) Standing Residue Mass (Dry Weight) Flat Residue Mass (Dry Weight) Live Root Mass (Dry Weight) Dead Root Mass (Dry Weight) Buried Residue Mass (Dry Weight) Detachment/Deposition Depth Inches/year WEPP Introduction 12
- 13. RESULT ANALYSIS SCREEN WEPP Introduction 13 Soil Loss along the slope profile The slope profile Precipitation Bi-Monthly Soil Loss Bi-Monthly Tons/Acre
- 14. WEPP Introduction 14 RESULT ANALYSIS SCREEN RESULT ANALYSIS SCREEN - 2 Canopy Cover Percent Soybeans Corn Canopy Height (Ft.) Soybeans Corn Interrill Cover Percent Soybeans Corn Live Biomass Tons Dry Mass/Acre Soybeans Corn
- 15. WEPP Introduction 15 RESULT ANALYSIS SCREEN - 3 Standing Residue Mass Tons/Acre Soybeans Corn Flat Residue Mass Tons/Acre Soybeans Corn Live Root Mass Tons/Acre Soybeans Corn Dead Root Mass Tons/Acre Soybeans Corn
- 16. WEPP Introduction 16 RESULT ANALYSIS SCREEN - 4 Buried Residue Mass Tons/Acre Soybeans Corn Detachment/Deposition Depth (Inches/Year)
- 17. Yield Calibration Plant growth model to grow the appropriate biomass proportional to the yield WEPP Introduction 17 WEPP, like WEPS, calibrates all annual crops. WEPP does not calibrate perennial crops. After a simulation the Calibration Details are displayed on the Projects Screen. The details provide for each crop: 1. The calibration factor to obtain the desired yield. 2. Was calibration Attempted – Yes or No. (No for Perennials) 3. Was the Calibration Successful – Yes or No 4. The Target Yield 5. The Simulated Yield (In the example shown the simulated yield were less than the target yields. This may be an indication of lack of soil water or timing of field operations)
- 18. Summary: Key “Managements” Advice for WEPP • Target yields must be realistic • If the calibration factor gets above 2.0 the results may produce excess biomass – WEPP is trying to meet the yield goal. • If calibration is more than 2.0 or less then 0.5 consider adjusting the target yield to be within the 0.5 to 2.0 range. • Ensure the proper operations are used (check the yellow folders for the information • All managements must start with the first operation of the calendar Year – WEPP and WEPS run on Calendar Years WEPP Introduction 18
- 19. OUTPUT FOR CONSERVATION PLANNING (AVERAGE) WEPP Introduction 19
- 20. NRCS | SHD | Strategizing & Implementing a SHMS | v2.0
- 22. WEPP Implementation Summary • Provide planners process-based models for both wind and water erosion prediction. • Unique climate file for each year of the run – will run 100 years of climate. • Results for soil loss, runoff, sediment delivery, yield, energy, water budget, SCI, STIR for each crop year • Risk based planning results (mean, mode, SD, minimum, maximum -100 yrs) • Web-based making it assessable to not only agency personnel but the general public as well without burdensome PC installs • Utility for conservation practice evaluation, assessing multiple resource concerns, and risk-based decision-making for conservation planning • WEPP will provide small watershed soil loss results & predict ephemeral erosion – currently under development • Concise reports • User ease and no database management • Potential for common interface for wind, water and watershed features • Attend WEPP oral presentation Tuesday 3:30PM or technology showcase Tuesday 10:30AM!!! WEPP Introduction 22
Notas do Editor
- WEPP is the major new erosion technology being rolled out during the remaining portion of 2018. However, there is even more going on some beyond the WEPP stand-alone. First, starting with WEPP the databases (minus the soils) are all contained within CR LMOD. CR LMOD now contains the databases for both the wind and water erosion technologies (WEPS and WEPP) for the stand-alone WEPS and WEPP as well as the same database for IET2 (WEPS and WEPP). All the erosion technologies are now cloud-based (CR LMOD), IET2, Stand-alone versions of WEPS and WEPP. Other tools and partners will also use CR LMOD (Field to Market), RSET, COMET, etc. Tools will no longer need to be downloaded to PCs, with the exception of a WEPS interface. The WEPS interface will not require administrative privileges to download. As depicted in the slide the 4 tools (CR LMOD, WEPP, WEPS, and IET2) come together to produce wind and water erosion results that translate into Conservation Planning Development and Delivery.
- Both the WEPS and WEPP technologies are process based, daily time step, event driven crop system erosion models. These are the core erosion models for conservation planning. Both are web-based with cloud database services. Each model has 5 basic user inputs and 7 process based sub-models that produce crop system results and reports. Soil Climate Management Hydrology Plant growth Decomposition Erosion
- WEPP is being rolled out on a step-by-step basis over a 6 month period. Prior to this point (about 3 years) agronomists, programmers, and researchers have been putting together the web-based WEPP and its supporting databases. WEPP has gone through 2 user acceptance testing periods and many issues were fixed or features requested put into a list for future prioritization. By Mid-August 2018 a National Bulletin will go out explaining the WEPP implementation process and time table. By the end of August 2018 The GM and NI relating to WEPP will be re-issued. CR LMOD will be updated by the Data Steward, Mike Kucera, with the few database parameter adjustments that are already known. Mike will use the Steward Application Manager (SMA) to edit the parameters in the CR LMOD. The database will always be a continuous improvement process. The database, as currently established, is stable and reliable. We want to complete training for the regional agronomy level folks as soon as possible to begin training the state level agronomy and erosion specialists by September 30, 2018. From October through December 2018 state training on WEPP, WEPS, and IET2 will be delivered to all field office folks and partners doing conservation planning. Users can begin to official use WEPP once they are trained. The only exception is the Conservation Compliance for 2018 will be done using RUSLE2 and WEPS.
- Now let’s take a look at the WEPP Interface to learn better how to use the interface and interpret the results. WEPP has 6 different screens: the Project Screen, the Map Screen, the Management Screen, the History Screen, the Results Screen, and a Help Screen. Reports are available on the Project Screen and the History Screen. This is a quick over view. Later we will be using the actual live Interface and running multiple examples.
- Users enter data in the project screen and management screens. The project screen is where one starts to enter all the inputs. Note – better for the presenter to point his out on the screen. Click on the blue info dots. The client name The site soil map unit The field name. One can use the Map Screen to enter the field name and the soil if desired. If the map screen is used, PRISM is used for the climate location. Slope Shape Slope Steepness Slope Aspect – this is more critical in the slopes with snowmelt. Slope Length Option to enter Strips and Barrier Contouring – if used Management link Repeat Strip and Years offset of strip cropping are used. The bottom portion of the Project Screen is devoted to displaying the results: Note – better for the presenter to point his out on the screen. Click on the Blue info dots. NRCS Soil Loss – accounts for deposition on “L” from a buffer Average Annual Soil Loss – does not account for deposition on the slope from a buffer Average annual sediment deposited at the end of “L” Average annual runoff Average Annual Precipitation Average Annual Irrigation applied inches/year Average annual sediment deposition
- When using the Map Screen the user has options to select the location. We will provide addition training and guidance later in the training. Digitize the polygon – this yields acres and suggests the dominate soil – user can always change to a different soil map unit. The “point” tag – this locates the site for PRISM purposes – this will not identify a soil The “area” choice – this can be used to identify a group of fields – this will pull in a PRISM location and identify a dominate soil map unit, however since this covers a large area the user will need to select the proper map unit for each field in the area. When the user is ready to use one of the locations simply click on the load button.
- The Management Screen – this is where one can select the desired management template to describe the management on the site. The crop management zones (CMZ) in and around the county will be displayed. Select the desired CMZ then move down the folder with a title that contains your desired templates. Once the user click on the folder the list of management templates will appear on the upper right of the Screen. By clicking on the “View/Edit” active link the selected template will appear on the bottom of the screen. The user can then edit the template as needed.
- Here is an example of the completed WEPP Simulation displayed on the Project Screen. The upper portion of the screen displays the Inputs. The bottom portion of the screen provides the results. Once the simulation is completed and the results are shown the user can click to get a PDF summary of the simulation. In addition, the user can click on the “Click Here for Management Results by Segment” – this data is especially important for filter strip design. We will provide training on filter strips later in this session. The last set of results “Click here to show annual statistics for 100 years” will display the range of results over 100 year. This is especially important to help clients make more informed decisions on controlling erosion, irrigation, and runoff.
- This is an example to compare the 100 year results of 2 different management system for corn and soybeans in Iowa. We summarized the results in the table. Notice the difference not only in soil loss between the 2 systems, but the difference in the Max and Min values for the 2 systems. Precipitation – range 21.65 to 52.11 inches/year Sediment delivery tons/year – mean 1.1 vs. 0.15 tons/year Soil Loss – mean 6.39 vs 0.84 - range Tilled (0.07 – 23.09) and No Till range (.05 – 3.86) This is information that you can use to provide clients to make more informed decisions. Also look at the difference in soil evaporation between tilled vs no till. The tilled system has a mean soil evaporation 11.57 vs. the no till 9.77. The no till system can provide an additional 2 inches of soil water for a crop.
- The “History Screen” records all the runs/simulation completed during a given session while on line. The user can save simulations as a Benchmark, Planned, Alternative, Test, or Compliance. On the “History Screen” the user can click on the Green Upload Arrow to reload a given simulation. The last thing on the “History Screen” is the option to Print the NRCS Practice Report. The user can check the box next to the desired simulation(s) to populate the NRCS Practice Support. The NRCS Practice Report contains the information and specifications need to support the following conservation practices: 328 Crop Rotation 329 No till 345 Reduced Till 330 Contouring 585 Strip Cropping
- Let’s take a look at the information that is displayed in the Results Analysis Screen. We will review each of the items in the next few slides. The results analysis screen displays graphs for: Soil loss along the slope profile The slope profile The bi-monthly precipitation The average annual soil loss on a bi-weekly basis Canopy Cover Canopy Height Interrill Cover Live Biomass (Dry Weight) Standing Residue Mass (Dry Weight) Flat Residue Mass (Dry Weight) Live Root Mass (Dry Weight) Dead Root Mass (Dry Weight) Buried Residue Mass (Dry Weight) Detachment/Deposition Depth Inches/year
- The “Results Analysis Screen” – captions provided on the screen
- WEPP calibrates annual crops based on the target yield that the user wishes to simulate. The calibration is a process for the plant growth model to grow the appropriate biomass proportional to the yield. However, if the target yield is too high or too low, the plant growth model may either under grow or over grow the amount of biomass that is representative of the crop and can impact other calculations completed in WEPP. See the Note on Calibration Factor on the Projects Screen Note: Calibration factors above 2.0 or below 0.5 indicate a significant adjustment was made. The management inputs should be reviewed to be sure the yield is reasonable, and the growing season length is correct. Other inputs to check would be the climate and irrigation, is there enough water for successful plant growth. After each simulation WEPP displays the results of the calibration. The details provide for each crop: The calibration factor to obtain the desired yield. Was calibration Attempted – Yes or No. (No for Perennials) Was the Calibration Successful – Yes or No The Target Yield The Simulated Yield (In the example shown the simulated yield were less than the target yields. This may be an indication of lack of soil water or timing of field operations)
- To close out this overview of WEPP we should touch upon some key bits of advice when putting together the managements used and analyzing the results of a simulation. One must select realistic target yields. This is especially important if the target yield is on the higher side. It is also important to use the appropriate operation dates for each field operation. Also, all managements must start with the first operation of the calendar year – WEPP and WEPS run on calendar years. In some cases the first operation may be a harvest operation. If not sure of what an operation does, click on the yellow boxes that will display what processes take place when selecting a given operation.
- Ephemeral erosion
- With cover