This document provides an overview of integrated circuits and operational amplifiers. It begins with an introduction to amplifiers and their use to boost electrical signals. It then defines an operational amplifier as a type of high-gain DC amplifier with two inputs and one output. The document discusses the symbol and pin configuration of an op-amp, and describes inverting and non-inverting modes and how to calculate gain. It also provides examples of different types of amplifiers such as audio frequency, intermediate frequency, radio frequency, ultrasonic, and wide band amplifiers.
2. OVERVIEW
• Introduction
• What are Op-Amps?
• Circuit symbol and Pin- Configuration
• Inverting and Non-inverting modes..
• Gain of an Op-Amp..
• Amplifiers
3. Introduction
Amplifier is a device which senses an
input and produces a larger version of it.
Amplifiers are used to boost electrical
signals in devices (radio, televisions..)
Op-Amp: Class of High gain DC Amplifiers
with two inputs and Single output
8. What is Gain??
Gain = Output / Input
Gain of Op-Amp (Inverting Mode)=-Rf/R1
Gain of Op-Amp (Non-inverting Mode)=1+Rf/R1
9. Amplifier
VOUT=V1+V2
is an electronic device that can increase the power of
a signal (a time-varying voltageor current). It is a two-
port electronic circuit that uses electric power from
a power supply to increase the amplitude of a signal
applied to its input terminals, producing a
proportionally greater amplitude signal at its output
10. Audio Frequency Amplifiers
Audio frequency amplifiers are used to amplify signals in the range of
human hearing that approximately 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Some Hi-Fi audio
amplifiers extend this range up to around 100 kHz ranges while other
audio amplifiers may restrict the high frequency limit to 15 kHz or less.
Intermediate Frequency Amplifiers
Intermediate Frequency amplifiers are tuned amplifiers used in
radio devices, TV sets and radar devices. The Main purpose is to
provide the majority of the voltage amplification of a TV or radar
signals, before the audio or video information carried by the signal
is separated or demodulated from the radio signal
R.F. Amplifiers
Radio Frequency amplifiers are tuned amplifiers in which the
frequency of operation is governed by a tuned circuit equipment.
This circuit may or may not be adjustable depending on the
purpose of the amplifier. Its bandwidth also depends on use and
11. •Ultrasonic Amplifiers
•Ultrasonic amplifiers are a type of audio amplifier
handling frequencies from around 20 kHz to up to
about 100 kHz ranges. These are usually designed for
specific purposes such as ultrasonic cleaning purpose,
metal fatigue detection technique, ultrasound scanning
purpose, remote control systems, etc. Every type will
operate over a fairly narrow band of frequencies within
the ultrasonic range.
•Wide band Amplifiers
•Wide band amplifiers must have a constant gain from
DC to several tens of MHz range. These amplifiers are
used in measuring equipment such as oscilloscopes.
There is a need to accurately measure signals over a
wide range of frequency range because of their
extremely wide bandwidth and low gain.
