LLB

1. Information
Systems(UNIT 3)
BY:SURBHI SAROHA

2. SYLLABUS
• Information Systems : Meaning
• Need of an efficient information System
• Type of Information system
• Information requirement for Planning
• Coordination and control for various level in Business & Industry

3. Information Systems : Meaning
• "Information system is set of people, information technology, and business process in
order to achieve a business objective."
• Information systems are a set of interconnected elements working together to collect,
process, store, and distribute information to help coordination, visualization in an
organization, analysis, and decision-making.
• The Information system can be defined as a collection of software, hardware,
and telecommunications network that people develop and use to gather,
create, and distribute useful data, mainly in organizational settings.
• In other words, an information system means a collection of interrelated components which
work together to gather, process, store, and break down the information to help decision
making.

4. Need of an efficient information System
• The information system can provide many benefits, including improved communication,
increased efficiency, and enhanced decision-making. In addition, an information system can
keep track of a business’s performance and ensure that it meets all the set goals.
• 1. Information System Stores Data
• A sophisticated information system keeps data in a database, allowing you to locate it
quickly. This information can include everything from customer details to inventory lists,
and beyond.
• In doing so, a business can develop a more complete understanding of its customers and
even how much money they have in their bank account. In the business world, having this
type of information can be a priceless advantage.

5. Cont….
• 2. Information System Ensures Data Security
• The ability to store data in an electronic format is obviously beneficial – but it also
makes the data vulnerable to any cyber threats. If a company’s system were hacked
into and destroyed, all of its hard work could be gone in an instant.
• That’s why information systems are designed to protect your company’s data by
using firewalls and other security measures. If there were no system, hackers could
access customer credit card numbers, social security numbers, intellectual property,
bank accounts, and more

6. Cont…
• 3. Information System Enhances Decision Making Ability
• A modern information system gives an organization the ability to make
better and quicker decisions.
• Companies can now use data analytics and business intelligence tools to gain
insights into their customers, their products, and even what’s going on in the
company. So if something goes wrong, they will know exactly what needs to
be fixed, who’s responsible, and how to go about fixing it.

7. Cont….
• 4. Information System Enhances Productivity
• An information system can have a significant impact on a business’s
productivity. It provides employees with the data and tools they need to get
the job done more efficiently while also making collaboration between
departments a breeze.
• It also gives your company an edge over its competitors
by helping it learn about its customers better. It provides insight into where a
company can improve – or even add new products to its catalog.

8. Cont….
• 5. Information System Provides Data Analytics Tools
• The right information system will provide a business with the analytics tools it
needs. These can include everything from data warehousing and cloud storage to
mobile device management and more.
• This allows you to take full advantage of all of that data stored, making it easier for
you to learn about your customers’ behavior, preferences, and needs. It also shows
what works and what doesn’t work within your company.
• In doing so, you can improve business operations from virtually every aspect, from
sales to marketing to product development.

9. Cont….
• 6. Information System Introduces New Produces & Services
• An information system may assist in analyzing separate processes and allow
for organized work activities. The companies that use an information system have
more opportunities – to learn how the organization generates, develops, and
distributes services or products.
• Today’s information system allows businesses to develop new products and services,
then get them into the hands of their customers quickly.
• The ability to do this helps eliminate wasted time and energy while also helping
avoid more costly mistakes.

10. Cont…..
• 7. Information System Helps Business To Achieve Goals With Ease
• The right business information system can help a company meet its goals
with ease by providing it insight into what’s working and what needs to be
improved.
• An information system can also help with goal setting, abling companies to
create long-term goals and short-term milestones.
• With tasks divided into small milestones, the organization can build
something great with the least hassle and difficulty.

11. Cont….
• 8. Information System Reduces Operational Costs
• Since an effective information system cuts out redundancy and wastes time by making
everyone’s lives easier. With the right system, a business can reduce operational costs and
focus more energy on growth and development.
• 9. Information System Helps Improve Collaboration & Teamwork
• Modern technologies have given rise to new ways for businesses, teams, and individuals to
collaborate.
• Because everyone will be speaking the same language with access to the same data. The right
information system that’s built around collaboration in mind can save a company time and
money and increase productivity.

12. Cont….
• 10. Information System Helps In Effective Communication
• With an information system, your business will have the ability to better
communicate internally—with its employees—and externally—with
customers.
• In a word, information systems enable better communication. Whether it’s
between departments or across the globe, an effective system ensures that
everyone is on the same page and has access to all of the information they
need to do their jobs.

13. Cont…..
• 11. Information System Enhances Business Transparency
• An IS supports cross-departmental cooperation, which is essential to meet
business goals. It allows all departments within a company have access to the
same set of data, regardless of how they are related or unrelated.
• With data present for all to view, employees will feel responsible not to
meddle with anything. They will do their respective jobs and not worry about
the things they cannot control.

14. The Importance Of Information System –
Conclusion
• With more businesses making plans to adopt information systems within
their organization, now is the perfect time for entrepreneurs to consider the
benefits that such a system could provide.
• Everyone should have a good understanding of how an information system
operates and what it can do. It is a valuable tool that needs to be used
responsibly, to make life easier and more comfortable.

15. Type of Information system
• Following are the TYPE of information system:
• 1. Transaction Processing System (TPS):
• Transaction Processing System are information system that processes data resulting
from the occurrences of business transactions
• Their objectives are to provide transaction in order to update records and generate
reports i.e to perform store keeping function
• The transaction is performed in two ways: Batching processing and Online
transaction processing.
• Example: Bill system, payroll system, Stock control system.

16. Cont….
• 2. Management Information System (MIS):
• Management Information System is designed to take relatively raw data available
through a Transaction Processing System and convert them into a summarized and
aggregated form for the manager, usually in a report format. It reports tending to
be used by middle management and operational supervisors.
• Many different types of report are produced in MIS. Some of the reports are a
summary report, on-demand report, ad-hoc reports and an exception report.
• Example: Sales management systems, Human resource management system.

17. Cont….
• 3. Decision Support System (DSS):
• Decision Support System is an interactive information system that provides
information, models and data manipulation tools to help in making the
decision in a semi-structured and unstructured situation.
• Decision Support System comprises tools and techniques to help in
gathering relevant information and analyze the options and alternatives, the
end user is more involved in creating DSS than an MIS.
• Example: Financial planning systems, Bank loan management systems.

18. Cont….
• 4. Experts System:
• Experts systems include expertise in order to aid managers in diagnosing problems
or in problem-solving. These systems are based on the principles of artificial
intelligence research.
• Experts Systems is a knowledge-based information system. It uses its knowledge
about a specify are to act as an expert consultant to users.
• Knowledgebase and software modules are the components of an expert system.
These modules perform inference on the knowledge and offer answers to a user’s
question

19. Information requirement for Planning
• All development projects normally pass through a certain sequence.
• Of course monitoring and evaluation may yield information that then may have to be fed back
into the system in order to carry out the necessary modifications.
• Often, however, the process is interrupted, or aborted, or a certain stage in the project cycle may,
for various reasons, be overlooked. Thus very often, after a project has been implemented, the
project holders fail either to set up a monitoring mechanism to keep track on the progress of the
project, or they fail to carry out an evaluation. We shall come back to these later. Here, we discuss
the first stage in the journey of the project.
• Whether it is a group or an individual project, the importance of careful planning before actually
embarking on the project cannot be overemphasised. Most mistakes are made well before the
first purchase is made for a project. And since experience, particularly from a project that has
failed, is a better guide to drawing out lessons and guidelines, we shall start with one such project.

20. Sequences of Development Projects

21. Coordination and control for various level in
Business & Industry
• In every organisation, different types of work are performed by various
groups and no single group can be expected to achieve the goals of the
organisation as a whole.
• Hence, it becomes essential that the activities of different work groups and
departments should be harmonised. This function of management is known
as ‘co-ordination’.

22. Cont…..
• The significance of co-ordination as a function of management mainly arises
from the fact that work performed by different groups, units or departments
form integral part of the total work for which an organisation is established.
• Without harmonised effort or unity of action, achievement of goals in some
departments may run counter to that of the other departments, or the timing
of achievements may not fit in properly

23. Cont….
• Managerial planning results in the framing of objectives and laying down of targets.
• To achieve the objectives, a proper organisational structure is designed; people are assigned
the various tasks; and are directed to perform their respective jobs.
• The actual performance is then assessed from time to time to ensure that what is achieved is
in conformity with the plans and targets.
• This exactly is the controlling function. Thus, controlling as a function of management
refers to the evaluation of actual performance of work against planned or standard
performance and taking the corrective action, if necessary.
• According to Henri Fayol, “Control consists in verifying whether everything occurs in
conformity with the plan adopted, the instructions issued and principles established.

24. Thank you 