1. LAW
E ORCE E
NF M NT
TODAY

2.  Describe the first systems of law enforcement in
colonial America.

3.  The Early American Police Experience
◦ Mirrored the English system
 The First Police Department
◦ Watch system

4.  Tell how the patronage system affected policing.

5.  Form of corruption in which the political party in
power hires and promotes police officers,
receiving job-related favors in return.

7.  Professionalism
 Administrative Reforms
 Technology
 Turmoil in the 1960s
 The Challenges of Anti-Terrorism

8.  List the four basic responsibilities of the police.

9.  Enforce laws
 Provide services
 Prevent crime
 Preserve the peace

10.  List five main types of law enforcement agencies.

11.  Local police departments
 Sheriffs’ departments
 Special police agencies
 State police
 Federal law enforcement

12. There are over 17,500 ◦ Roughly 3,067 sheriff’s
departments
law enforcement ◦ About 1,481 special police
agencies in the United agencies, limited to policing
States, employing more parks, schools, airports, and
other locales
than 1 million people.
◦ 49 state police departments
(Hawaii being the exception)
◦ 70 federal law enforcement
agencies
◦ 12,766 local police
departments

13. Municipal Law Enforcement Agencies:
◦ Most police officers work in small and medium-sized
police departments
◦ While New York City has the largest police department
(with about 34,000 employees), roughly 55 percent of all
local police department have 10 or fewer officers
◦ Municipal police agencies have the broadest authority to
apprehend criminal suspects, maintain order, and provide
services to the community

15.  Questions:
◦ How do the job requirements for a municipal officer differ
compared to a federal officer?
◦ Is the presentation of a municipal law enforcement officer
in this video similar or different to that presented in
mainstream television shows?

16. Sheriffs and County Law Enforcement:
◦ Every county in the United States (except those in
Alaska) has a sheriff
◦ The sheriff is an elected position, and is therefore in
many ways also a politician

17. The Sheriff’s Department is responsible for:
◦ Investigating violent crime
◦ Investigating drug offenses
◦ Maintaining the county jail
◦ Serving evictions and court summonses
◦ Keeping order in the courthouse
◦ Collecting taxes
◦ Enforcing orders of the court, such as sequestration
of a jury

18. State Police and Highway Patrols:
◦ The most visible state law enforcement agency is the
state police or highway patrol agency
◦ Historically, state police agencies were created to:
 Assist local police agencies
 Investigate criminal activities that crossed jurisdictional
boundaries
 Provide law enforcement in rural and other areas that did not
have local or county police agencies
 Break strikes and control labor movements

19. Federal law enforcement agencies:
◦ Small percentage of the nation’s law enforcement
force in numbers, but have a substantial influence
◦ Authorized to enforce specific laws or attend to
specific situations
◦ The most far-reaching reorganization of the
federal government since World War II took place
in 2002 and 2003, with the creation of the
Department of Homeland Security

20.  Indicate some of the most important law
enforcement agencies under the control of the
Department of Homeland Security.

21. The Department of Homeland Security:
 U.S. Customs and Border Protection (BCP)
 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
(ICE)
 The U.S. Secret Service

22. The Department of Justice:
 The Federal Bureau of Investigation
 The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
 The Drug Enforcement Administration
 The U.S. Marshals Service
The Department of the Treasury

24. Questions:
◦ How do the job requirements for a federal officer differ
compared to a municipal officer?
◦ Is the presentation of a federal law enforcement officer in
this video similar or different to that presented in
mainstream television shows?

25.  Identify the duties of the FBI.

26.  FBI duties:
◦ Has jurisdiction over nearly 200 federal crimes
◦ Provides support to local and state law enforcement
agencies
◦ Maintains a database of fingerprint information and offers
assistance in finding missing persons and identifying the
victims of disasters
◦ National Crime Information Center is accessible to state
and local law enforcement

28.  Analyze the importance of private security today.

29.  Over $100 billion  The function of
spent each year private security is to
 Over 10,000 U.S. deter crime rather
private security firms than stop it
 1.1 million people  Security officers only
employed in security report crimes, and in
each year some cases, make
citizens’ arrests.

30.  Privatizing Law Enforcement
◦ Citizens’ Arrests
◦ The Deterrence Factor
 Private Security Trends
◦ Lack of Standards
◦ Continued Growth in the Industry