This particular presentation deals with Area, production, classification , morphology and cultivation practices of Chickpea.

1. Area, Production, Classification, Morphology and
cultivation practices of Chickpea
Vj Bhatia
MSc Agronomy

2. Content
• Introduction
• Importance
• Area, production and productivity
• Classification
• Botany
• Climatic condition
• Soil and field preparation
• Others cultivation practices

3. Introduction
• Pulses are an important source of stable protein
food for the poor and the vegetarians which
constitute a major population of the country
• India’s outstanding contribution towards total
global acreage and production of pulses at 35% &
27 % respectively
• India is the world’s largest producer and
consumer of pulses accounting about 27 % of the
total production and about 30 % of the total
consumption in the world

4. Chickpea
• Botanical Name – Cicer arietinum
• Synonym – Chickpea, Bengal gram, Chana and
Gram
• Origin – South West Asia – probably
Afghanistan and/or Persia.
• Chromosome no. – 2n = 16
• Family - Leguminoseae. ( paplionacious)

5. Nutritive value
• Protein – 18-22%
• Calcium – 280 mg/100 g
• Carbohydrate - 61-62%
• Iron – 12.3 mg/100 g
• Fat – 4.5 %
• Phosphorus – 301 mg/100 g

6. Area & Production
• World chickpea production reached 13.3
million tons in 2013 and 14.2 million tons in
2014
• Six countries including India, Australia, Turkey,
Myanmar, Pakistan and Ethiopia account for about
90% of world chickpea production.
• Agronomic significance: Leaving about 30-50 kg
N/ha for successive crops, especially cereals.
Intercrop cereals also get benefited through ‘N’
supplied by way of fixation in gram

7. Area production and productivity
• The total area and production of gram during
twelfth Plan was 8.88 million hectares and 8.50
mill. tonnes respectively.
• Madhya Pradesh ranked first contributing an
area of (34.32% and 39.47 % of total area and
production of country), followed by Rajasthan
(16.64 % and 14.99%) and Maharashtra (16.09
% and 12.95).

8. Classification
Desi or Brown Gram (Cicer arientinum)
• Colour of seed coat ranges yellow to dark brown
• Good branching ability
• Seed size are small
• Widely cultivated group in India (90% of total
world).
Kabuli or White Gram (Cicer kabulium)
• Colour of seed coat white with bold and attractive
• Plants are taller than desi
• Patels are white to pale cream
• Which lack anthocyanin
• poor branching

9. Botany of chickpea
• Petals are generally purple in desi type
• Contain high amount of anthocyanin pigment
• Stems are branched
• Primary branches may vary from 1 to 8
• Covered with fine glandular hairs
• Leaves are pinnately compound
• Covered with glandular hairs.
• Maximum height of 45-60 cm

10. • Seeds are spherical in shape, wrinkled or smooth
with a pointed beak. Its head is similar to
chicken’s head with a characteristic ‘beak’ hence
called as chickpea
• Flowers are typical Papilionaceous consisting of
five sepals, five petals (consists of one standard,
two wings and two keels), ten stamens (nine
fused to form one staminal column and one free
• Inflorescence -axillary, racemes
• Anthesis takes place between 9 am to 3 pm
• Self- fertilization

11. Climate
• Being a winter season legume, it requires fairly
cold and dry climate
• But severe cold and frost are injurious to it
• Frost at flowering results failure flowers to
develop seeds
• Av. Annual rainfall 60-90cm
• Excessive rains soon after sowing or at
flowering and fruiting or hailstorms at ripening
cause heavy loss

12. Soil and field preparation
• Wide range of soils viz light sandy loam
to moderately heavy loam in north to black
cotton soils of Central Platue.
• Sandy loams to clay loam soil, free from
excessive salt and neutral in reaction with
drainage facility, are best for gram
• Soil pH should not be more than 8.5

13. • Chick pea is highly sensitive to soil
aeration
• A rough seedbed is required for chick pea
• Very fine and compact seedbed is not
good for chick pea
• Requires a loose and well aerated seedbed

14. Varieties
Avrodhi : 150‐ 155 days, This variety is resistant
to wilt disease, 25‐ 30 quintals per hectare.
2 Gaurav : 140‐ 145 days, moderately resistant to
rust and blight diseases, 25‐ 30 quintals per hectare
3 JG‐ 315: 145‐ 150 days, growing in rainfed ,
resistant to wilt disease, 25‐ 30 quintals per hectare.
4 Annegri‐ 1 : (100 days) developed from a
selection in Karnataka. 10‐ 15 quintals per hectare.
5 Karnal channa: Resistant to salinity 6 DCP 92-3
Lodging resistant

15. Seed & sowing
• Second fortnight of October
• For peninsular India, first fort night of October is
the best time for chick pea sowing
• Early sown crop suffers more from wilt owing to
high temperature at that time
• Seed rate of 75‐ 100 kg per hectare
• Row spacing of 30‐ 45 and plant spacing is 10-
15cm
• Treated with 0.25 per cent Thiram or
Carbendazim

16. Manure and fertilizer
• Chick pea being a leguminous crop fulfils
the major part of its nitrogen requirement.
• Fertilizer dose is 15-20 kg N as starter
dose, 40kg phosphorous.
• About 5 tonnes FYM or compost.
• Fertilizers are drilled in furrows at a
depth of 7‐ 10 centimeters

17. Weeding
• Weeding or inter culture with hand
hoe or wheel hoe after 25‐ 30 days.
• Fluchloralin (Basalin) 1 kg per
hectare in 800‐ 1000 liters of water as
pre‐ planting spray may be used as an
effective herbicide

18. Water Management
• Chick pea is mostly sown as a rainfed
crop
• Pre‐ sowing irrigation ensure proper
germination and smooth growth
• Irrigation required at pre‐ flowering stage
and one at pod development stage.

19. Pest and disease management
• Chickpea wilt
• Rust
• Ascochyta blight Seed treatment with thiram @2.5g/kg
seed Spray the crop with 0.2% Mancozeb 72wp
• Wilt
• Rust
• Ascochyta blight
• Cutworm
• Gram pod borer
• Spray monocrotophos 36EC @ 2% at pod development
stage

20. Yield
• Well managed crop yields about 20‐ 25
quintals of grain per hectare which is about
three to four times higher than the national
average.