Low cost materials used for science teaching

4. Objectives Design Development
Needs of
Users
Type, Cost,
Relevance,
Resources
St.s, Tr.s,
Community
Feedback
Process of developing improved apparatus
Process of developing improved apparatus

5. Pilot Testing Finalization
Product and
Distribution

6.  Raw materials - easily available - free or at low cast
 Do not involve specialized skills - made by pupils, teachers
 Can be used easily and effectively by the teacher
 Production process is simple and inexpensive
 Simple, accurate and appropriate to the age level
 Stimulates thinking, reacting, discussing, experimenting
 Free from conflicts or bias.
 Students have easy approach
 Production - not time consuming

7. Significance
or
Importance
Economic
Value
Educational
and
Psychological
Value
Social Value
Recreational
Value
Scientific
Value
Inspiration

8. Disadvantages of Improvisation