6. WaterWater
6
71% of Earth’s crust is water
Balance 29% is land
Out of total water 96.5% is in seas & Oceans –
salt water
1.7% is ground water
1.5% is in glaciers and ice
0.3% only is fresh water – rivers,
lakes and atmosphere
Out of the available fresh water 70% goes to
agriculture
7. Hosting of COP-11 by India
In Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Oct. 1st
– 19th
, 2012
11. COP-11 in Hyderabad & COP-12 S-Korea
Unanimously declared that for
Biodiversity Conservation:
W T O is very important
(Not world trade organisation)
W = Water harvesting
T = Tree plantation (Useful trees)
O = Organic farming
12. Water is the basis of Agriculture
Agriculture is the basis of life
‘‘ So,So, Water is LifeWater is Life’’
Water – Truths:
Wherever water is there, development is certain
Only 5 - 6% of rain water is harvested 90% goes as
drain into river & sea.
30% of the rain water can be harvested by various
methods.
Ground water recharge is better than open harvesting
in tanks, wells and ponds.
70 – 80% plants & animals is water
2/3 water and 1/3 land in Universe
13. Water Shed Management
Ridge to Valley concept
Making running water into walking position
Slowing the speedy/slopy flowing water
Next Step:
Allowing walking water to percolate into ground
This percolation will increase ground water –
charging the wells-
facilitating farmers
to get water from one month(only in rainy season) to a
prolonged time i.e. 3-4 months.
14. Water Shed Management
Soil and Water Conservation measures.
Soil Conservation – principles
- Rainfall of high intensity – erodes top fertile soil
of land- need to be stopped by Scientific measures… viz.
Conservation tillage
Deep tillage
Conservation farming
Terracing
Water disposals
Other low cost measures
Plastic mulch
Biological mulch(Agro –
waste)
Cover crops /plants.
25. Wells charged-Providing prolonged
supply from 1to 3 months.
Farm ponds – for
individual farmers
Check dams – for group of
farmers
Check dams – for
community Water charging – Wells –
more period of storage
26. 26
Increasing the area under Greenery
SOUTH KOREA EXAMPLESOUTH KOREA EXAMPLE
1945 only 15% greenery
2015 greenery increased to 85%
Rainfall 600 mm in 1945 &
2015rainfall – 2000 mm
Best way to increase water
37. New initiatives by States:New initiatives by States:
Andhra Pradesh: Pattiseema Godavari –
Krishna river linkage by lift
irrigation
Telangana State: Mission Kakatiya – Tanks
Mission Bhagiratha – Drinking
water to every village & filling
up tanks 37
58. Efficient utilization of harvested water
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Foliar spray
Rain gun
Non-Seasonal crop production possible
through
Green House
Poly House
Shade Net
Mulching
66. 66
Recharge the bore wells –Recharge the bore wells –
Existing and dead bore wellsExisting and dead bore wells
Dig 10X10X10 feet trench around bore
well.
Fill with boulders upto 5 feet and fill
with small pebbles followed by sand.
Cover with mesh and add soil over it.
All rain water will percolate
99. Water Pollution
• Industrial effluents let into the rivers, water
bodies, tanks, ocean will ultimately reach to
the ground water.
• Development of E. coli.
• Mercury, arsenic, lead compounds
acumulate in water.
• Sewage water reduces Dissolved oxygen
(D.O) and Biological Oxygen Demand
(B.O.D) increases.
• Application of agricultural chemicals like NPK-
washed into the water and causes damage.
99
