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Welcome to the Webinar
                  	
  Communica*on	
  Ma,ers:	
          	
  
The	
  Ongoing	
  Challenge	
  to	
  Explain	
  &	
  Implement	
  
                  the	
  Affordable	
  Care	
  Act   	
  



             We	
  will	
  begin	
  shortly…	
  
Today you’ll be hearing
          from. . .




Nancy Murphy,   Linda Neuhauser,          Kathy Paez, RN,
 Metropolitan   DrPH, University of        PhD, American
   Group,       California, Berkeley   Institutes for Research
  Moderator
Agenda
	
  	
  
1.  Review	
  of	
  session	
  objec*ves	
  
2.  Introduc*on	
  of	
  today’s	
  speakers	
  
3.  Overview	
  of	
  effec*ve	
  communica*on	
  in	
  the	
  public	
  health	
  
    context	
  –	
  why	
  does	
  it	
  ma,er?	
  	
  
4.  Ques*ons	
  &	
  Answers	
  
5.  Mee*ng	
  the	
  Challenge	
  of	
  Health	
  Insurance	
  Literacy	
  aSer	
  the	
  
    ACA	
  
6.  Ques*ons	
  &	
  Answers	
  
7.  Specific	
  ac*ons	
  and	
  resources	
  	
  
8.  Next	
  steps	
  &	
  conclusion	
  
Objectives
•  Understand	
  health	
  literacy	
  principles	
  and	
  why	
  they	
  are	
  
   important	
  	
  
•  Know	
  where	
  to	
  find	
  key	
  resources	
  and	
  guidelines	
  on	
  health	
  
   literacy	
  
•  List	
  the	
  specific	
  components	
  of	
  health	
  insurance	
  literacy	
  
•  List	
  specific	
  ways	
  to	
  apply	
  health	
  literacy	
  principles	
  to	
  
   improve	
  communica*on,	
  especially	
  about	
  health	
  insurance	
  	
  
•  Iden*fy	
  specific	
  ways	
  in	
  which	
  ACA	
  will	
  help	
  improve	
  health	
  
   insurance	
  literacy	
  	
  
Health	
  Literacy:	
  
Undervalued	
  by	
  
Public	
  Health?	
  
A	
  tool	
  for	
  public	
  health	
  
professionals.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Prepared	
  for	
  the	
  American	
  Public	
  Health	
  
Associa*on	
  Community	
  Health	
  Planning	
  &	
  
Policy	
  Development	
  Sec*on	
  


Tammy	
  Pilisuk,	
  MPH	
  	
  	
  	
  AUG	
  2011	
  
Who is in our audience
               Employer/Organiza=on	
  
50	
  
45	
  
40	
  
35	
  
30	
  
25	
  
20	
  
15	
  
10	
  
 5	
  
 0	
  
Who is in our audience
                                                 Occupa=on	
  

              Teacher/Faculty	
  

                  Health	
  Policy	
  

    Med/Dental	
  Prac**oner	
  

Health	
  Promo*on/Educa*on	
  

        Health	
  Administrator	
  

 Community	
  Health	
  Worker	
  

                                         0	
     10	
     20	
     30	
     40	
     50	
     60	
     70	
  
Who is in our audience
        Geography	
  




                                              West	
  of	
  MS	
  River	
  
                                              East	
  of	
  MS	
  River	
  



                        40%	
  from	
  California	
  
Who is in our audience
                         Familiarity	
  with	
  Health	
  Literacy	
  Principles	
  

         Very	
  familiar	
  

Moderately	
  familiar	
  

 Somewhat	
  familiar	
  

  Limited	
  familiarity	
  

          Not	
  familiar	
  

                                0	
     10	
     20	
     30	
     40	
     50	
     60	
     70	
     80	
  
What do you want to learn
          about this topic?
•  Be,er	
  understanding	
  of	
  health	
  literacy	
  principles	
  	
  
•  Be,er	
  understanding	
  of	
  promo*ng	
  ACA	
  to	
  popula*ons	
  with	
  
   different	
  levels	
  of	
  heath	
  literacy	
  
•  To	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  apply	
  some	
  of	
  the	
  core	
  health	
  literacy	
  principles	
  
   in	
  both	
  my	
  professional	
  and	
  personal	
  life	
  	
  
•  Be,er	
  ways	
  to	
  talk	
  about	
  health,	
  preven*on	
  and	
  the	
  ACA	
  
•  More	
  about	
  ACA	
  implementa*on	
  	
  	
  
•  How	
  to	
  be	
  a	
  stronger	
  advocate	
  for	
  the	
  ACA	
  in	
  community/
   municipal	
  level	
  policy	
  discussions	
  	
  
•  Understanding	
  of	
  health	
  literacy's	
  inclusion	
  in	
  ACA-­‐-­‐
   expecta*ons	
  for	
  implementa*on,	
  measurement,	
  etc.	
  	
  
How to Participate
•  Phone	
  line	
  is	
  automa*cally	
  	
  
   on	
  mute	
  
•  Send	
  facilitator	
  a	
  ques*on	
  or	
  
   comment	
  using	
  Ready	
  Talk’s	
  chat	
  
   func*on	
  
•  Click	
  “raise	
  hand”	
  bu,on	
  to	
  be	
  taken	
  
   off	
  mute	
  and	
  ask	
  a	
  ques*on	
  verbally	
  	
  
•  Slides	
  will	
  be	
  posted	
  online	
  following	
  
   webinar	
  –	
  link	
  will	
  be	
  shared	
  with	
  all	
  
   par*cipants
Who is speaking today:
Linda Neuhauser, DrPH
       Linda Neuhauser, DrPH
       Clinical Professor of Community
       Health & Human Development, UC-
       Berkeley School of Public Health

       e: lindan@berkeley.edu

       w: www.healthresearchforaction.org
Who is speaking today:
Kathryn Paez, RN, PhD
       Kathryn Paez, RN, PhD
       Principal Researcher, American
       Institutes for Research

       e: kpaez@air.org

       w: www.air.org
Who is moderating our
  discussion today:
Nancy Murphy, MSHC
      Nancy Murphy, MSHC
      Executive Vice President,
      Metropolitan Group

      e: nmurphy@metgroup.com

      w: www.metgroup.com
Questions welcomed
•  Submit	
  a	
  ques*on	
  at	
  any	
  *me	
  during	
  this	
  Webinar	
  using	
  the	
  
   chat	
  func*on	
  OR	
  clicking	
  the	
  “raise	
  hand”	
  bu,on	
  to	
  be	
  taken	
  
   off	
  mute.	
  	
  
•  We	
  will	
  consolidate	
  ques*ons	
  and	
  pose	
  them	
  to	
  the	
  speakers	
  
   throughout	
  the	
  Webinar	
  and	
  during	
  the	
  Q&A	
  session	
  at	
  the	
  
   end.	
  	
  
•  We	
  also	
  may	
  host	
  addi*onal	
  webinars	
  on	
  related	
  health	
  
   communica*on	
  topics	
  depending	
  on	
  the	
  results	
  of	
  the	
  
   evalua*on,	
  so	
  please	
  tell	
  us	
  if	
  you	
  want	
  more!	
  	
  
Before	
  we	
  launch	
  into	
  our	
  presenta=ons,	
  
          here	
  is	
  a	
  ques=on	
  for	
  you:
What	
  percentage	
  of	
  Americans	
  have	
  the	
  skills	
  to	
  
understand	
  complex	
  health	
  informa*on,	
  such	
  as	
  
insurance	
  choices?	
  
a.  4%	
  
b.  12%	
  
c.  32%	
  
d.  49%	
  
Introducing Linda Neuhauser

          Linda Neuhauser, DrPH
          Clinical Professor of Community
          Health & Human Development, UC-
          Berkeley School of Public Health
Health	
  Literacy	
  &	
  Communica=on	
  about	
  
               Health	
  Care	
  Reform	
  
                                  	
  
                     Linda	
  Neuhauser,	
  DrPH	
  
                           Clinical	
  Professor	
  
            School	
  of	
  Public	
  Health,	
  UC	
  Berkeley	
  	
  
Health	
  Communica=on	
  MaUers!	
  The	
  Ongoing	
  Challenge	
  
             to	
  explain	
  and	
  Implement	
  the	
  ACA	
  
                Webinar:	
  September	
  27,	
  2012	
  

                                                                    18
Ques=ons	
  




               19
Health	
  Research	
  for	
  Ac=on	
  
       Over	
  20	
  years	
  of	
  experience:	
  
	
  
       • Assessing	
  literacy	
  levels	
  and	
  effec*veness	
  of	
  
	
     health	
  informa*on.	
  
       • Developing	
  and	
  distribu*ng	
  informa*on	
  for	
  large,	
  
       diverse,	
  and	
  mul*lingual	
  audiences	
  (over	
  15	
  
       languages,	
  plus	
  Braille,	
  MP3,	
  and	
  more).	
  
       • Conduc*ng	
  forma*ve	
  and	
  evalua*ve	
  research.	
  
       • Providing	
  trainings	
  to	
  improve	
  the	
  readability	
  and	
  
       usability	
  of	
  health	
  materials.	
  	
  
       Recipients	
  of	
  na-onal	
  print,	
  Web,	
  	
  
       health	
  literacy,	
  and	
  public	
  health	
  awards	
  
Communica*ng	
  about	
  Health	
  Care	
  Reform	
  


Over	
  50%	
  of	
  consumers	
  don’t	
  understand	
  it	
  
	
  
Many	
  health	
  care	
  providers	
  don’t	
  either	
  
CA	
  Consumer	
  Assistance	
  Survey	
  
                8/2012*	
  
      •  Informa=on	
  from	
  77	
  organiza=ons	
  
      •  74%	
  educa=ng	
  clients	
  about	
  ACA	
  
      •  72%	
  said	
  materials	
  are	
  “too	
  
         complex”	
  for	
  clients	
  
      •  Want	
  simple,	
  aUrac=ve	
  materials	
  in	
  
         many	
  languages;	
  accessible	
  
      •  Mul=-­‐media,	
  including	
  video	
  
*Funded by: CA Office of the Patient Advocate and CA Dept of
Managed Health Care
Survey	
  (cont.):	
  Most	
  Important	
  
               Topics   	
  
  •  Medicaid	
  changes	
  
  •  Health	
  Benefit	
  Exchange	
  
  •  Finding	
  insurance	
  
  •  Pa=ent	
  rights;	
  language	
  access	
  
  •  Medicare	
  changes	
  
  •  Preven=ve	
  care	
  
  •  Drug	
  coverage,	
  &	
  12	
  other	
  topics	
  
A	
  ques*on	
  for	
  Linda	
  

        What	
  is	
  health	
  literacy	
  -­‐-­‐-­‐	
  and	
  
        why	
  is	
  it	
  important	
  for	
  ACA-­‐
        related	
  communica=on?	
  
Health	
  Literacy	
  
       	
  	
  
       	
           	
  “The	
  degree	
  to	
  which	
  individuals	
  have	
  the	
  
              capacity	
  to	
  obtain,	
  process,	
  understand,	
  and	
  act	
  
              on	
  basic	
  health	
  informa=on	
  and	
  services	
  needed	
  
              to	
  make	
  appropriate	
  health	
  decisions.”*	
  
	
  	
  	
  Components:	
  	
  Reading,	
  listening,	
  speaking,	
  using	
  
             numbers,	
  mo*va*on,	
  health	
  ac*ons	
  


	
  
                  *Institute of Medicine, 2004
                                            25
Health	
  literacy	
  is	
  also…	
  
       	
  	
  
       	
            	
  “The	
  capacity	
  of	
  professionals	
  and	
  ins=tu=ons	
  
              to	
  communicate	
  effec=vely	
  so	
  that	
  community	
  
              members	
  can	
  make	
  informed	
  decisions	
  and	
  take	
  
              appropriate	
  ac=ons	
  to	
  protect	
  and	
  promote	
  their	
  
              health.”*	
  




	
                -Joanne G. Schwartzberg, MD, American Medical
                  Association
                                                   26
What	
  is	
  it	
  like?	
  
                                    	
  
	
  GNINAELC	
  –	
  Ot	
  erussa	
  hgih	
  ecnamrofrep,	
  
    yllacidoirep	
  naelc	
  eht	
  epat	
  sdaeh	
  dna	
  natspac	
  
    revenehw	
  uoy	
  eciton	
  na	
  noitalumucca	
  fo	
  tsud	
  
    dna	
  nworb-­‐red	
  edixo	
  selcitrap.	
  Esu	
  a	
  noUoc	
  
    baws	
  denetsiom	
  h=w	
  lyporposi	
  lohocla.	
  Eb	
  
    erus	
  on	
  lohocla	
  sehcuot	
  eht	
  rebbur	
  strap,	
  sa	
  =	
  
    sdnet	
  ot	
  yrd	
  dna	
  yllautneve	
  kcarc	
  eht	
  rebbur.	
  
    Esu	
  a	
  pmad	
  tholc	
  ro	
  egnops	
  ot	
  naelc	
  eht	
  
    tenibac.	
  A	
  dlim	
  paos,	
  ekil	
  gnihsawhsid	
  
    tnegreted,	
  lliw	
  pleh	
  evomer	
  esaerg	
  ro	
  lio.	
  


                                   27
Na=onal	
  Assessment	
  of	
  Adult	
  Literacy,	
  2003	
  


	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




Below	
  Basic:	
  No	
  more	
  than	
  the	
  most	
  simple	
  &	
  concrete	
  literacy	
  ac*vi*es	
  

Basic:	
  Can	
  perform	
  simple	
  everyday	
  literacy	
  ac*vi*es	
  

Intermediate:	
  Can	
  perform	
  moderately	
  challenging	
  literacy	
  ac*vi*es	
  

Proficient:	
  	
  Can	
  perform	
  complex	
  and	
  challenging	
  literacy	
  


                                                                   28
Health	
  Literacy	
  Skills	
  by	
  Level	
  
Below	
  Basic:	
  Circle	
  the	
  date	
  of	
  a	
  medical	
  appointment	
  on	
  a	
  hospital	
  
          	
            	
  appointment	
  slip.	
  	
  
	
  
Basic:	
  Give	
  2	
  reasons	
  for	
  gepng	
  tested	
  for	
  a	
  specific	
  disease,	
  based	
  
          	
            	
  on	
  informa*on	
  in	
  a	
  clearly	
  wri,en	
  pamphlet.	
  
	
  
Intermediate:	
  Determine	
  what	
  *me	
  to	
  take	
  a	
  prescrip*on	
  medicine,	
  
          	
            	
  based	
  on	
  informa*on	
  on	
  the	
  drug	
  label	
  rela*ng	
  *ming	
  of	
  
          	
            	
  medica*on	
  to	
  ea*ng.	
  	
  
     	
   	
  	
  
Proficient:	
  Calculate	
  an	
  employee’s	
  share	
  of	
  health	
  insurance	
  costs	
  
          	
            	
  for	
  a	
  year,	
  using	
  a	
  table.	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
                                                  29
Hispanic	
  Health	
  Literacy	
  Levels	
  
Hispanic	
  adults	
  have	
  lower	
  average	
  health	
  literacy	
  
  than	
  adults	
  in	
  any	
  other	
  racial/ethnic	
  groups.	
  




                                  30
How	
  well	
  do	
  people	
  read	
  and	
  write?	
  




                           31
US	
  Reading	
  Levels	
  Compared	
  to	
  
   Health	
  Informa=on	
  Readability	
  
	
  
•	
  The	
  average	
  American	
  reads	
  at	
  the	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  7th-­‐8th	
  grade	
  level-­‐-­‐3	
  to	
  4	
  grades	
  
	
  	
  	
  below	
  last	
  grade	
  completed	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  
•	
  20%	
  read	
  below	
  the	
  5th	
  grade	
  level	
  
	
  
•	
  Most	
  health	
  informa*on	
  is	
  wri,en	
  at	
  
the	
  10-­‐12th	
  grade	
  level	
  
	
  
Computer	
  Literacy	
  Requires	
  More	
  
                Skills	
  
                        	
  
•	
  Ability	
  to	
  search	
  
•	
  Ability	
  to	
  spell	
  
•	
  Ability	
  to	
  navigate	
  pages	
  
•	
  Ability	
  to	
  use	
  links	
  &	
  move	
  between	
  documents	
  
•	
  Ability	
  to	
  use	
  interac*ve	
  features	
  
	
  
Most	
  Internet	
  health	
  info	
  is	
  at	
  10-­‐12th	
  grade	
  
	
  
                                       33
Mismatched	
  Communica=on	
  




  Information is too complicated for
   people’s health literacy abilities.
                  34
Aler	
  a	
  clinical	
  visit,	
  pa=ents	
  may…	
  


Forget	
  or	
  remember	
  incorrectly	
  over	
  50%	
  
     of	
  what	
  the	
  physician	
  said	
  
	
  
A	
  ques=on	
  for	
  Linda	
  

        What	
  are	
  the	
  public	
  health	
  
        implica=ons	
  of	
  these	
  healthy	
  
        literacy	
  challenges?	
  
Most	
  of	
  the	
  US	
  popula=on	
  may	
  be	
  
at	
  risk	
  for…	
  
	
   •  Medical	
  misunderstandings	
  
     •  Mistakes	
  taking	
  medica=ons,	
  etc.	
  
     •  Excess	
  hospitaliza=ons	
  (2X)	
  
     •  Poor	
  health	
  outcomes	
  (1.5-­‐3X)	
  
     •  Unnecessary	
  deaths	
  
Es=mated	
  Costs	
  of	
  	
  
       Limited	
  Health	
  Literacy	
  on	
  the	
  
	
                  Economy	
  
                 $106	
  -­‐	
  $238	
  Billion	
  
                                     	
  	
  	
  
                                	
   	
           	
  
        This	
  represents	
  7%	
  -­‐	
  17%	
  of	
  all	
  
       personal	
  health	
  care	
  expenditures	
  
                                      	
  
                       Vernon	
  J.	
  et	
  al,	
  2007	
  

                                        	
  
                                          	
  


	
  
38
                                       38
Na=onal	
  HL	
  Policy	
  Evolu=on	
  
                                                	
  

AHRQ	
  2001	
  –	
  top	
  11	
  pa*ent	
  safety	
  prac*ces	
  
IOM	
  Report	
  on	
  health	
  literacy,	
  2004	
  
Healthy	
  People	
  2010:	
  Objec*ve	
  11	
  
Joint	
  Commission:	
  pa*ent	
  communica*on	
  requirements	
  
Surgeon	
  General’s	
  Workshop	
  on	
  Health	
  Literacy	
  -­‐	
  2006	
  
Na*onal	
  Ac*on	
  Plan	
  to	
  Improve	
  Health	
  Literacy	
  -­‐	
  2010	
  
U.S.	
  Plain	
  Language	
  Act	
  -­‐	
  2010	
  
	
  
A	
  ques=on	
  for	
  Linda	
  

        So given all of this, what
        can we do to improve
        Health Communication?
“Clear	
  Health	
  Communica=on”	
  Tips	
  
	
  
•      Write	
  informa=on	
  at	
  appropriate	
  user	
  level	
  
•      Put	
  info	
  in	
  small	
  “chunks”	
  
•      Leave	
  1/3	
  to	
  1/2	
  page	
  as	
  “white	
  space”	
  
•      Limit	
  	
  info	
  to	
  1-­‐3	
  main	
  messages	
  
•      Focus	
  on	
  behaviors	
  rather	
  than	
  facts	
  
•      Use	
  photos	
  of	
  real	
  people	
  	
  
•      Make	
  informa=on	
  culturally	
  sensi=ve	
  
Involve	
  users	
  as	
  co-­‐designers!	
  
	
  
Measure	
  the	
  Readability	
  of	
  
                Materials    	
  
•	
  Many	
  tests	
  (mostly	
  measure	
  #	
  words	
  in	
  a	
  sentence	
  
     and	
  #	
  syllables	
  per	
  word)	
  
•	
  SMOG	
  
•	
  Frye	
  
•	
  Flesch	
  Reading	
  Ease	
  
•	
  Flesch-­‐Kinkaid	
  (avoid!)	
  

Aim	
  for	
  about	
  a	
  6th-­‐7th	
  grade	
  reading	
  level	
  
	
  
                                     43
“Universal	
  Design”
                                                        	
  

Studies	
  show	
  that	
  even	
  people	
  who	
  read	
  at	
  a	
  
     college	
  level	
  prefer	
  materials	
  wriUen	
  at	
  a	
  6th-­‐8th	
  
     grade	
  level,	
  and	
  understand	
  them	
  beUer.	
  
	
  
Davis	
  TC,	
  Crouch	
  MA,	
  Willis	
  G.	
  et	
  al.	
  The	
  gap	
  between	
  pa*ent	
  reading	
  comprehension	
  and	
  the	
  readability	
  
         of	
  pa*ent	
  educa*on	
  materials.	
  J	
  Fam	
  Pract	
  1990;	
  31:	
  533-­‐8.	
  
	
  
	
  	
  

	
  
	
  
                                                                         44
Suitability	
  Assessment	
  of	
  Materials	
  
                   (SAM)
                       	
  
 	
  22-­‐item	
  assessment	
  tool:	
  Readability	
  and	
  
 	
  
            • Organiza*on	
  of	
  content	
  
            • Formapng	
  
            • Cultural	
  relevance	
  


                                  45
What	
  do	
  YOU	
  think?	
  
What	
  do	
  YOU	
  find	
  most	
  difficult	
  to	
  explain	
  about	
  
   the	
  ACA?	
  
a.  The	
  *metable	
  for	
  implementa*on	
  	
  
b.  The	
  different	
  components	
  of	
  the	
  law	
  
c.  How	
  the	
  Exchanges	
  will	
  work/cost	
  of	
  plans	
  	
  
d.  All	
  of	
  the	
  above	
  	
  
Some	
  of	
  Our	
  Work	
  to	
  Improve	
  
Consumer	
  Informa=on	
  about	
  Health	
  
           Care	
  &	
  the	
  ACA	
  
Guides	
  created	
  by	
  HRA	
  and	
  State	
  of	
  California	
  
49
Health	
  Research	
  for	
  Ac=on   	
  
                ACA	
  Research	
  Ac=vi=es    	
  
	
  	
  	
  
-­‐  Survey	
  of	
  CA	
  organiza=ons	
  providing	
  ACA	
  
     informa=on	
  to	
  consumers	
  
	
  
-­‐  Assessment	
  of	
  available	
  ACA	
  resources	
  in	
  
     California	
  
	
  
CA	
  Study:	
  Assessment	
  of	
  ACA	
  materials
                                                   	
  
   –  We	
  tested	
  10	
  ACA	
  fact	
  sheets	
  for	
  readability	
  
      with	
  3	
  tests	
  
   –  Results:	
  8	
  of	
  10	
  items	
  tested	
  at	
  12th	
  	
  grade	
  to	
  
      college	
  reading	
  	
  levels	
  (!!)	
  
   –  Organiza=ons	
  wanted	
  simple	
  customizable	
  
      fact	
  sheets	
  in	
  many	
  languages	
  
   –  Videos	
  on	
  using	
  consumer	
  assistants,	
  gerng	
  
      preven=ve	
  care,	
  and	
  reques=ng	
  an	
  
      interpreter,	
  calcula=ng	
  health	
  care	
  costs,	
  etc.	
  
   –  Easy-­‐to-­‐understand	
  glossary	
  
   –  PowerPoint	
  presenta=ons	
  for	
  providers	
  
 *Funded by: CA Office of the Patient Advocate and
 CA Dept of Managed Health Care
Health	
  Research	
  for	
  Ac=on	
  
    ACA	
  Communica=on	
  Development        	
  
	
  
•  Glossary	
  of	
  easy-­‐to-­‐understand	
  terms	
  
•  Fact	
  Sheets	
  on	
  8	
  key	
  topics	
  in	
  3	
  languages	
  
•  Videos	
  on	
  key	
  ACA	
  issues:	
  3	
  languages	
  
•  Postcards	
  for	
  Medicaid	
  changes	
  	
  
•  Customizable	
  informa=on	
  templates	
  
•  PowerPoint	
  presenta=ons	
  on	
  ACA	
  
Key	
  takeaways
               	
  
   -­‐	
  Health	
  insurance	
  informa*on	
  requires	
  a	
  high	
  
   level	
  of	
  health	
  literacy	
  skills.	
  Only	
  about	
  12%	
  of	
  
   American	
  adults	
  are	
  es=mated	
  to	
  have	
  that	
  
   level	
  of	
  skills.	
  
   	
  	
  
   -­‐ Available	
  ACA	
  informa*on	
  has	
  a	
  high	
  readability	
  
   level	
  (college)	
  and	
  is	
  too	
  hard	
  for	
  people	
  to	
  
   understand.	
  Such	
  informa=on	
  should	
  be	
  wriUen	
  
   at	
  a	
  6th-­‐8th	
  grade	
  level.	
  	
  

   -­‐ Besides	
  wri,en	
  informa*on,	
  people	
  will	
  need	
  
   other	
  media,	
  such	
  as	
  videos,	
  and	
  also	
  people	
  to	
  
   help	
  them.	
  	
  
   	
  	
  
   -­‐	
  There	
  many	
  good	
  principles	
  	
  to	
  develop	
  easier	
  
   to	
  understand	
  materials,	
  both	
  for	
  print	
  and	
  the	
  
   web.	
  	
  
Join	
  the	
  Conversa=on!
                          	
  

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        Linda?

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It’s	
  YOUR	
  turn!
Have	
  you	
  ever	
  misunderstood	
  your	
  own	
  health	
  
insurance	
  rules	
  and	
  been	
  surprised	
  with	
  a	
  bill	
  or	
  
a	
  coverage	
  denial?	
  
a.  Yes	
  
b.  No	
  
	
  
Introducing	
  Kathy	
  Paez
                           	
  

          Kathy Paez, RN, PhD
          American Institutes for Research
Mee=ng	
  the	
  Challenge	
  of	
  Health	
  
                       Insurance	
  Literacy	
  Aler	
  the	
  ACA	
  

                       Kathryn	
  Paez,	
  R.N.,	
  Ph.D.	
  
Copyright © 2012
American Institutes
for Research.
All rights reserved.
By	
  2014,	
  20	
  million	
  Americans	
  are	
  expected	
  to	
  have	
  
                     access	
  to	
  health	
  insurance	
  




.
Source: The Congressional Budget Office, Letter to the Honorable Nancy Pelosi, Mar. 20, 2010,
http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=11379.
Literacy	
  in	
  the	
  United	
  States
                                        	
  

                Percentage	
  of	
  adults	
  in	
  each	
  literacy	
  level,	
  2003	
  
                 Below	
  Basic	
         Basic	
          Intermediate	
          Proficient	
  

  Quan*ta*ve	
            22%	
                  33%	
                   33%	
        13%	
  

    Document	
        12%	
         22%	
                      53%	
                  13%	
  

          Prose	
      14%	
           29%	
                      44%	
               13%	
  



  Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy
Health	
  insurance	
  is	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  complex	
  
      commodi=es	
  sold	
  to	
  consumers	
              	
  




                           Consumer	
  
Consumers	
  are	
  required	
  to	
  navigate	
  through	
  layers	
  of	
  
complicated	
  jargon	
  to	
  effec=vely	
  select	
  and	
  use	
  health	
  
                               insurance  	
  
                                                                       Provider	
  Types	
  

                                                                    Health	
  Care	
  Services	
  

                                                                 U=liza=on	
  of	
  Services	
  

                                                                          Enrollment	
  

                                                                     Rx	
  Drug	
  Coverage	
  

                                                                 Plan	
  Type	
  &	
  Accounts	
  

                                                                         Cost	
  Sharing	
  
                                            ap
                                                                                               1 st Dolla
                      Prev




                                             mC            Coinsurance
                      Care




                                                                                                          r
                                                                                               Coverag
                                                                                                         e
                                     Max ime
                                         imu
          Medic ers


                           en
          Prov




                                                         Coverage
                                          t
                           tive




                                                                        Consumer	
  
                                     Life




                                                         Limit                                       Copay
               id
                al




                                                                                            Premium
                                                           Plan Year
                                                                                        Deductible
                                                               Tiered Benefits                                       d
                                  Den       Guaranteed                                                        Bran       Preexisting
               Midle ers




                                      i                                OOP Max
               Prov




                                  Paymal ofRenewal                                                                       Condition
                                        ent                      In & Out of Network
                    id
                    vel




                                                                             Formulary

                                                                                               Group ID
                                                                    Member ID
                                                                      Member
                                                                      Services
                                                              Rehabilitation Services
What	
  will	
  I	
  pay	
  for	
  a	
  bunionectomy?	
  

                               	
  
                             Copay?	
  	
                                   $100
                         Deduc*ble?	
  	
  
                                                                            $1000
                     How	
  much	
  met	
  already?	
  

                                  	
  
                    Out	
  of	
  Network?	
  	
  
                                                                            $950
         usual	
  charge=$4,500;	
  actual	
  charge=$5,450	
  


                   Coinsurance?	
                                           $690
                                                                             or
         20%	
  before	
  or	
  aSer	
  copay	
  and	
  deduc*ble?   	
     $900
       Out-of-pocket = $2,740 or $2,950
A	
  ques=on	
  for	
  Kathy	
  

        What is health
        INSURANCE literacy? How
        is it different from health
        literacy?
Health	
  insurance	
  literacy	
  
                    defined	
  
“The	
  degree	
  to	
  which	
  individuals	
  have	
  the	
  knowledge,	
  
     ability,	
  and	
  confidence	
  to	
  find	
  and	
  evaluate	
  
     informa-on	
  about	
  health	
  plans,	
  select	
  the	
  best	
  plan	
  
     for	
  their	
  own	
  (or	
  their	
  family’s)	
  financial	
  and	
  health	
  
     circumstances,	
  and	
  use	
  the	
  plan	
  once	
  enrolled.”	
  	
  
	
  
           Health	
  Insurance	
  Literacy	
  =	
  Selec=on	
  +	
  Use       	
  



Measuring Health Insurance Literacy: A Call to Action. A Report from the Health
Insurance Literacy Roundtable, February 2012
http://www.consumersunion.org/pub/Health_Insurance_Literacy_Roundtable_rpt.pdf
Breaking	
  down	
  health	
  insurance	
  literacy	
  into	
  its	
  parts
                                                                          	
  


                         Knowledge	
                                     Document	
  Literacy	
  
                  e.g.,	
  Understand	
  insurance	
  
                      terms	
  and	
  concepts	
                        e.g.,	
  Understand	
  an	
  explana*on	
  
                                                                                 of	
  benefits	
  statement	
  
                                                                 	
  

                                                    Self-­‐Efficacy	
  
                                                 The	
  confidence	
  to	
  act	
  
                                                                 	
  

                Informa*on-­‐Seeking	
                                       Cogni*ve	
  Skills	
  
                       Skills	
                                                e.g.,	
  Project	
  use	
  and	
  	
  
                                                                                out-­‐of-­‐pocket	
  cost	
  	
  
                e.g.,	
  Find	
  in-­‐network	
  providers	
  
                           on	
  plan	
  Web	
  site	
  
A question for Kathy

      How health insurance
      literate are consumers?
Overly confident that insurance
                                   covers the cost of care

	
  
“People	
  have	
  the	
  tendency	
  to	
  assume	
  that	
  because	
  you	
  have	
  a	
  par-cular	
  
policy	
  from	
  a	
  par-cular	
  carrier,	
  you	
  have	
  good	
  insurance,	
  which	
  is	
  not	
  true.	
  
You	
  can	
  have	
  Blue	
  Cross	
  Blue	
  Shield,	
  but	
  it	
  doesn’t	
  mean	
  that	
  it’s	
  a	
  good	
  
policy.’’	
  
Don’t	
  understand	
  insurance	
  
                                     	
  
    mi=gates	
  financial	
  risk	
  
“We’ve	
  actually	
  encountered	
  a	
  fair	
  number	
  of	
  people	
  who	
  say,	
  ‘I’m	
  
not	
  going	
  to	
  pay	
  $300	
  a	
  month	
  because	
  I’m	
  not	
  going	
  to	
  use	
  $300	
  
a	
  month	
  of	
  anything.’	
  Some-mes	
  they	
  don’t	
  get	
  the	
  concept	
  that	
  if	
  
you	
  don’t	
  need	
  it	
  now,	
  it’s	
  for	
  a	
  poten-al	
  future	
  health	
  problem	
  
and	
  you	
  have	
  to	
  pay	
  in	
  advance.	
  You	
  don’t	
  sign	
  up	
  when	
  you	
  get	
  
sick.”	
  
Have	
  difficulty	
  assessing	
  value	
  

•  Gravitate	
  towards	
  cheaper,	
  high-­‐risk	
  op*ons	
  
   or	
  more	
  expensive	
  but	
  less	
  cost-­‐effec*ve	
  
   op*ons	
  
Have	
  difficulty	
  appropriately	
  using	
  insurance	
  
                                                           	
  

•  Don’t	
  get	
  established	
  with	
  a	
  physician	
  
•  Assume	
  physicians	
  will	
  refer	
  them	
  to	
  	
  
   in-­‐network	
  providers	
  or	
  don’t	
  consider	
  network	
  at	
  all.	
  
•  Have	
  trouble	
  applying	
  plan	
  rules:	
  	
  
   “Is	
  a	
  referral	
  needed	
  or	
  not?”	
  
•  Pay	
  out-­‐of-­‐pocket	
  costs	
  without	
  pursuing	
  insurance	
  
   nonpayment.	
  
What	
  do	
  YOU	
  think?	
  
•  Where	
  should	
  consumers	
  turn	
  to	
  find	
  out	
  
   details	
  about	
  their	
  coverage?	
  
a.  Health	
  care	
  provider	
  
b.  Health	
  plan	
  or	
  Medicaid	
  office	
  	
  
c.  Employer	
  HR	
  department	
  	
  
d.  Health	
  care	
  advocacy	
  group	
  
e.  I’m	
  not	
  sure	
  	
  
Bridging	
  the	
  gap	
  
Reducing	
  the	
  tremendous	
  cogni=ve	
  demand	
  on	
  
                       consumers   	
  


     • Standardize	
  	
  
     • Simplify	
  informa*on	
  
     • Harness	
  technology	
  
How	
  the	
  ACA	
  will	
  help	
  
       ACA	
  Reforms	
              September	
  23,	
  2012	
                   January	
  1,	
  2014	
  
       Standardize	
  choice	
       •    No	
  life*me	
  limits	
               •  4	
  comparable	
  actuarial	
  
                                     •    100%	
  coverage	
  for	
  some	
          value	
  *ers	
  

	
                                        preven*ve	
  services	
                 •  Coverage	
  of	
  “essen*al	
  
                                                                                     benefits”	
  
                                                                                  •  Plans	
  offered	
  in	
  health	
  
                                                                                     insurance	
  exchanges	
  (HIX)	
  
                                                                                     are	
  “qualified”	
  
       Simplify	
  consumer	
        Summary	
  of	
  benefits	
  and	
  
       informa*on	
                  coverage	
  (SBC)	
  materials	
  with	
  
       •  Limit	
                    coverage	
  examples	
  
       •  Standardize	
  
       •  Plain	
  language	
  
       Harness	
  technology	
                                                    Plans	
  on	
  HIX	
  must	
  have	
  a	
  
                                                                                  method	
  to	
  calculate	
  OOP	
  cost	
  	
  


                Reforms apply to small group and individual plans in private market and
                sometimes large group plans.
Coverage	
  levels	
  under	
  the	
  ACA	
  
           “the	
  metals”   	
  
                          Metal	
  Tier	
     Actuarial	
  Value	
  
   More	
  Coverage	
      Pla*num	
                 90%	
  

                              Gold	
  	
             80%	
  

                             Silver	
  	
            70%	
  

                            Bronze	
                 60%	
  

                      Versus
70 percent actuarial value: the plan pays 70
percent on average for covered medical services;
30 percent on average is paid for by beneficiaries.
Standardized	
  “essen=al	
  benefits”	
  required	
  by	
  
                      the	
  ACA	
  
•  Ambulatory	
  pa*ent	
  services,	
  such	
  as	
  doctor’s	
  visits	
  and	
  outpa*ent	
  
   services	
  
•  Emergency	
  services	
  
•  Hospitaliza*on	
  
•  Maternity	
  and	
  newborn	
  care	
  
•  Mental	
  health	
  and	
  substance	
  use	
  disorder	
  services	
  	
  
•  Prescrip*on	
  drugs	
  	
  
•  Rehabilita*ve	
  and	
  habilita*ve	
  services	
  and	
  devices	
  
•  Laboratory	
  services	
  
•  Preven*ve	
  and	
  wellness	
  services	
  and	
  chronic	
  disease	
  management	
  
•  Pediatric	
  services,	
  including	
  oral	
  and	
  vision	
  care	
  
Standardize	
  summary	
  of	
  benefits	
  
          and	
  coverage  	
  
•  Mandated	
  that	
  all	
  insurance	
  plans	
  use	
  this	
  form	
  
   beginning	
  in	
  2012	
  
•  Standardized	
  and	
  tested	
  format	
  	
  
•  Allows	
  comparison	
  of	
  coverage	
  op*ons	
  
•  Includes	
  coverage	
  examples	
  
•  Includes	
  glossary	
  of	
  terms	
  

                            8	
  pages!!!
                                        	
  
Summary	
  of	
  benefits	
  and	
  
      coverage      	
  
Summary	
  of	
  benefits	
  and	
  
      coverage      	
  
Glossary	
  of	
  terms
                      	
  
              Deductible
               The amount you owe for
              health care services
              your health insurance or
              plan covers before your
              health insurance or plan
              begins to pay. For example, if
               your deductible is $1000,
              your plan won’t pay
              anything until you’ve met
              your $1000 deductible for
              covered health care services
              subject to the deductible. The
              deductible may not apply to
              all services.
Glossary	
  of	
  terms
                      	
  
Tools	
  to	
  calculate	
  consumer	
  cost
                                           	
  
It’s	
  YOUR	
  turn 	
  
ACA	
  and	
  it’s	
  implementa*on	
  will	
  make	
  it	
  easier	
  
   for	
  consumers	
  to	
  make	
  good	
  decisions	
  about	
  
   health	
  insurance	
  
a.  Agree	
  
b.  Disagree	
  
c.  Not	
  sure	
  
Reducing	
  the	
  tremendous	
  cogni=ve	
  demand	
  on	
  
                       consumers   	
  

   • Standardize	
  	
  
   • Simplify	
  informa*on	
  
   • Harness	
  technology	
  
Choice	
  architecture	
  

Organizes	
  and	
  frames	
  informa*on	
  
•  Filtering	
  to	
  limit	
  what	
  appears	
  on	
  the	
  screen	
  
•  Sor*ng	
  informa*on	
  
•  Comparing	
  side	
  by	
  side	
  (quality,	
  cost)	
  
Filter,	
  sort	
  and	
  compare	
  
Compare	
  side	
  by	
  side	
  
Key	
  takeaways
               	
  
   •  Selecting and using health
   insurance is tremendously
   complex!

   •  We, as health care
   professionals, all need to become
   health insurance navigators and
   support the less health insurance
   literate.

   •  Attention is needed on
   navigating insurance once
   consumers get into the system.
Join	
  the	
  Conversa=on!
                          	
  

        Questions or comments for
        Kathy?

        Please submit questions by using
        the chat function OR clicking the
        “raise hand” button to be taken
        off mute

        We have our first question for
        Kathy. . .
Discussion/Q&A	
  
                     	
  

Ask Kathy!

Share with Kathy!
Ques=ons	
  for	
  our	
  speakers
                                 	
  




Kathryn Paez, RN,   Linda Neuhauser,
PhD, American       DrPH
Institutes for      University of
Research            California-Berkeley,
Health	
  Literacy:	
  
Undervalued	
  by	
  
Public	
  Health?	
  
A	
  tool	
  for	
  public	
  health	
  
professionals.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Prepared	
  for	
  the	
  American	
  Public	
  Health	
  
Associa*on	
  Community	
  Health	
  Planning	
  &	
  
Policy	
  Development	
  Sec*on	
  


Tammy	
  Pilisuk,	
  MPH	
  	
  	
  	
  AUG	
  2011	
  
Next	
  steps	
  
•  Today’s slides will be posted online, along with
   an archived version of this webinar, for future
   access
•  An evaluation will be sent to you shortly ─
   please let us know if you would like to follow-up
   on anything we touched on today
•  Have additional questions? Contact our
   presenters or moderator.
Thanks	
  to	
  our	
  speakers!
                               	
  




 Kathryn Paez, RN,       Linda Neuhauser,
 PhD, American           DrPH, University of
 Institutes for          California-Berkeley
 Research
Resources
                                   	
  
•	
  CDC:	
  Health	
  Literacy
       h,p://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/index.html	
  
•	
  	
  Literacy	
  Informa*on	
  and	
  Communica*on	
  System	
  
         (LINCS):	
  	
  h,ps://community.lincs.ed.gov/	
  
•	
  American	
  Medical	
  Associa*on’s	
  health	
  literacy	
  site:	
  
     h,p://www.ama-­‐assn.org/ama/pub/about-­‐ama/our-­‐
     people/affiliated-­‐groups/ama-­‐founda*on/our-­‐
     programs/public-­‐health/health-­‐literacy-­‐program.shtml	
  
	
  
	
                                   96
Resources	
  (cont.)
                                           	
  
•  US	
  Department	
  of	
  Health	
  and	
  Human	
  Services	
  	
  
       Web	
  Usability	
  Guidelines:	
  www.usability.gov	
  
       	
  	
  
       h,p://www.usability.gov/guidelines/index.html	
  
       	
  
•  Communica*ng	
  Risks	
  and	
  Benefits:	
  An	
  Evidence-­‐
   Based	
  User’s	
  Guide:	
  	
  
   	
  h,p://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/
   	
  ReportsManualsForms/Reports/ucm268078.htm	
  
   	
  (see	
  especially	
  Chapter	
  9,	
  “Health	
  Literacy”	
  and	
  	
  Chapter	
  14,	
  
    	
  “Readability,	
  Comprehension,	
  and	
  Usability”)	
  
Resources	
  (cont.)
                                       	
  
•  ACA	
  Regula*ons	
  and	
  Guidance:	
  
   h,p://www.dol.gov/ebsa/healthreform/
   index.html#5	
  

•  Web	
  Portal	
  for	
  the	
  public	
  	
  	
  www.healthcare.gov	
  

•  Qualita*ve	
  research	
  reports	
  by	
  Consumers	
  Union	
  
   evalua*ng	
  health	
  insurance	
  tools	
  for	
  consumers	
  
   h,p://www.consumersunion.org/health.html	
  	
  

                                                                             98
99
Speaker	
  Contact	
  Informa*on	
  
                                   	
  
Linda	
  Neuhauser,	
  DrPH,	
  MPH	
  
lindan@berkeley.edu	
  
hUp://www.healthresearchforac=on.org	
  
	
  
Kathy	
  Paez,	
  RN,	
  PhD	
  
kpaez@air.org	
  	
  
hUp://www.air.org	
  
	
  
	
  
Thank	
  you	
  to	
  our	
  Sponsors
                                           	
  
	
  

        Community Health
        Planning and Policy
        Development Section,
        APHA
Thank	
  you	
  to	
  our	
  planning	
  
                 commiUee            	
  
•  Tammy	
  Pilisuk,	
  MPH,	
  APHA-­‐CHPPD	
  
•  Erin	
  Brigham,	
  MPH,	
  CareSource,	
  APHA-­‐CHPPD	
  
•  Amanda	
  Crowe,	
  MA,	
  MPH,	
  Impact	
  Health	
  
   Communica*ons,	
  LLC	
  
•  Meghan	
  Bridgid	
  Moran,	
  PhD,	
  San	
  Diego	
  State	
  
   University,	
  School	
  of	
  Communica*ons	
  	
  
•  Nancy	
  Murphy,	
  MSHC,	
  Metropolitan	
  Group	
  
Conclusion	
  



  Thank	
  you!
              	
  

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CALPACT Training: Health Communication Matters Webinar 092712

  • 1. Welcome to the Webinar  Communica*on  Ma,ers:     The  Ongoing  Challenge  to  Explain  &  Implement   the  Affordable  Care  Act   We  will  begin  shortly…  
  • 2. Today you’ll be hearing from. . . Nancy Murphy, Linda Neuhauser, Kathy Paez, RN, Metropolitan DrPH, University of PhD, American Group, California, Berkeley Institutes for Research Moderator
  • 3. Agenda     1.  Review  of  session  objec*ves   2.  Introduc*on  of  today’s  speakers   3.  Overview  of  effec*ve  communica*on  in  the  public  health   context  –  why  does  it  ma,er?     4.  Ques*ons  &  Answers   5.  Mee*ng  the  Challenge  of  Health  Insurance  Literacy  aSer  the   ACA   6.  Ques*ons  &  Answers   7.  Specific  ac*ons  and  resources     8.  Next  steps  &  conclusion  
  • 4. Objectives •  Understand  health  literacy  principles  and  why  they  are   important     •  Know  where  to  find  key  resources  and  guidelines  on  health   literacy   •  List  the  specific  components  of  health  insurance  literacy   •  List  specific  ways  to  apply  health  literacy  principles  to   improve  communica*on,  especially  about  health  insurance     •  Iden*fy  specific  ways  in  which  ACA  will  help  improve  health   insurance  literacy    
  • 5. Health  Literacy:   Undervalued  by   Public  Health?   A  tool  for  public  health   professionals.                                                       Prepared  for  the  American  Public  Health   Associa*on  Community  Health  Planning  &   Policy  Development  Sec*on   Tammy  Pilisuk,  MPH        AUG  2011  
  • 6. Who is in our audience Employer/Organiza=on   50   45   40   35   30   25   20   15   10   5   0  
  • 7. Who is in our audience Occupa=on   Teacher/Faculty   Health  Policy   Med/Dental  Prac**oner   Health  Promo*on/Educa*on   Health  Administrator   Community  Health  Worker   0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70  
  • 8. Who is in our audience Geography   West  of  MS  River   East  of  MS  River   40%  from  California  
  • 9. Who is in our audience Familiarity  with  Health  Literacy  Principles   Very  familiar   Moderately  familiar   Somewhat  familiar   Limited  familiarity   Not  familiar   0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  
  • 10. What do you want to learn about this topic? •  Be,er  understanding  of  health  literacy  principles     •  Be,er  understanding  of  promo*ng  ACA  to  popula*ons  with   different  levels  of  heath  literacy   •  To  be  able  to  apply  some  of  the  core  health  literacy  principles   in  both  my  professional  and  personal  life     •  Be,er  ways  to  talk  about  health,  preven*on  and  the  ACA   •  More  about  ACA  implementa*on       •  How  to  be  a  stronger  advocate  for  the  ACA  in  community/ municipal  level  policy  discussions     •  Understanding  of  health  literacy's  inclusion  in  ACA-­‐-­‐ expecta*ons  for  implementa*on,  measurement,  etc.    
  • 11. How to Participate •  Phone  line  is  automa*cally     on  mute   •  Send  facilitator  a  ques*on  or   comment  using  Ready  Talk’s  chat   func*on   •  Click  “raise  hand”  bu,on  to  be  taken   off  mute  and  ask  a  ques*on  verbally     •  Slides  will  be  posted  online  following   webinar  –  link  will  be  shared  with  all   par*cipants
  • 12. Who is speaking today: Linda Neuhauser, DrPH Linda Neuhauser, DrPH Clinical Professor of Community Health & Human Development, UC- Berkeley School of Public Health e: lindan@berkeley.edu w: www.healthresearchforaction.org
  • 13. Who is speaking today: Kathryn Paez, RN, PhD Kathryn Paez, RN, PhD Principal Researcher, American Institutes for Research e: kpaez@air.org w: www.air.org
  • 14. Who is moderating our discussion today: Nancy Murphy, MSHC Nancy Murphy, MSHC Executive Vice President, Metropolitan Group e: nmurphy@metgroup.com w: www.metgroup.com
  • 15. Questions welcomed •  Submit  a  ques*on  at  any  *me  during  this  Webinar  using  the   chat  func*on  OR  clicking  the  “raise  hand”  bu,on  to  be  taken   off  mute.     •  We  will  consolidate  ques*ons  and  pose  them  to  the  speakers   throughout  the  Webinar  and  during  the  Q&A  session  at  the   end.     •  We  also  may  host  addi*onal  webinars  on  related  health   communica*on  topics  depending  on  the  results  of  the   evalua*on,  so  please  tell  us  if  you  want  more!    
  • 16. Before  we  launch  into  our  presenta=ons,   here  is  a  ques=on  for  you: What  percentage  of  Americans  have  the  skills  to   understand  complex  health  informa*on,  such  as   insurance  choices?   a.  4%   b.  12%   c.  32%   d.  49%  
  • 17. Introducing Linda Neuhauser Linda Neuhauser, DrPH Clinical Professor of Community Health & Human Development, UC- Berkeley School of Public Health
  • 18. Health  Literacy  &  Communica=on  about   Health  Care  Reform     Linda  Neuhauser,  DrPH   Clinical  Professor   School  of  Public  Health,  UC  Berkeley     Health  Communica=on  MaUers!  The  Ongoing  Challenge   to  explain  and  Implement  the  ACA   Webinar:  September  27,  2012   18
  • 20. Health  Research  for  Ac=on   Over  20  years  of  experience:     • Assessing  literacy  levels  and  effec*veness  of     health  informa*on.   • Developing  and  distribu*ng  informa*on  for  large,   diverse,  and  mul*lingual  audiences  (over  15   languages,  plus  Braille,  MP3,  and  more).   • Conduc*ng  forma*ve  and  evalua*ve  research.   • Providing  trainings  to  improve  the  readability  and   usability  of  health  materials.     Recipients  of  na-onal  print,  Web,     health  literacy,  and  public  health  awards  
  • 21. Communica*ng  about  Health  Care  Reform   Over  50%  of  consumers  don’t  understand  it     Many  health  care  providers  don’t  either  
  • 22. CA  Consumer  Assistance  Survey   8/2012*   •  Informa=on  from  77  organiza=ons   •  74%  educa=ng  clients  about  ACA   •  72%  said  materials  are  “too   complex”  for  clients   •  Want  simple,  aUrac=ve  materials  in   many  languages;  accessible   •  Mul=-­‐media,  including  video   *Funded by: CA Office of the Patient Advocate and CA Dept of Managed Health Care
  • 23. Survey  (cont.):  Most  Important   Topics   •  Medicaid  changes   •  Health  Benefit  Exchange   •  Finding  insurance   •  Pa=ent  rights;  language  access   •  Medicare  changes   •  Preven=ve  care   •  Drug  coverage,  &  12  other  topics  
  • 24. A  ques*on  for  Linda   What  is  health  literacy  -­‐-­‐-­‐  and   why  is  it  important  for  ACA-­‐ related  communica=on?  
  • 25. Health  Literacy          “The  degree  to  which  individuals  have  the   capacity  to  obtain,  process,  understand,  and  act   on  basic  health  informa=on  and  services  needed   to  make  appropriate  health  decisions.”*        Components:    Reading,  listening,  speaking,  using   numbers,  mo*va*on,  health  ac*ons     *Institute of Medicine, 2004 25
  • 26. Health  literacy  is  also…          “The  capacity  of  professionals  and  ins=tu=ons   to  communicate  effec=vely  so  that  community   members  can  make  informed  decisions  and  take   appropriate  ac=ons  to  protect  and  promote  their   health.”*     -Joanne G. Schwartzberg, MD, American Medical Association 26
  • 27. What  is  it  like?      GNINAELC  –  Ot  erussa  hgih  ecnamrofrep,   yllacidoirep  naelc  eht  epat  sdaeh  dna  natspac   revenehw  uoy  eciton  na  noitalumucca  fo  tsud   dna  nworb-­‐red  edixo  selcitrap.  Esu  a  noUoc   baws  denetsiom  h=w  lyporposi  lohocla.  Eb   erus  on  lohocla  sehcuot  eht  rebbur  strap,  sa  =   sdnet  ot  yrd  dna  yllautneve  kcarc  eht  rebbur.   Esu  a  pmad  tholc  ro  egnops  ot  naelc  eht   tenibac.  A  dlim  paos,  ekil  gnihsawhsid   tnegreted,  lliw  pleh  evomer  esaerg  ro  lio.   27
  • 28. Na=onal  Assessment  of  Adult  Literacy,  2003                                   Below  Basic:  No  more  than  the  most  simple  &  concrete  literacy  ac*vi*es   Basic:  Can  perform  simple  everyday  literacy  ac*vi*es   Intermediate:  Can  perform  moderately  challenging  literacy  ac*vi*es   Proficient:    Can  perform  complex  and  challenging  literacy   28
  • 29. Health  Literacy  Skills  by  Level   Below  Basic:  Circle  the  date  of  a  medical  appointment  on  a  hospital      appointment  slip.       Basic:  Give  2  reasons  for  gepng  tested  for  a  specific  disease,  based      on  informa*on  in  a  clearly  wri,en  pamphlet.     Intermediate:  Determine  what  *me  to  take  a  prescrip*on  medicine,      based  on  informa*on  on  the  drug  label  rela*ng  *ming  of      medica*on  to  ea*ng.           Proficient:  Calculate  an  employee’s  share  of  health  insurance  costs      for  a  year,  using  a  table.               29
  • 30. Hispanic  Health  Literacy  Levels   Hispanic  adults  have  lower  average  health  literacy   than  adults  in  any  other  racial/ethnic  groups.   30
  • 31. How  well  do  people  read  and  write?   31
  • 32. US  Reading  Levels  Compared  to   Health  Informa=on  Readability     •  The  average  American  reads  at  the          7th-­‐8th  grade  level-­‐-­‐3  to  4  grades        below  last  grade  completed                   •  20%  read  below  the  5th  grade  level     •  Most  health  informa*on  is  wri,en  at   the  10-­‐12th  grade  level    
  • 33. Computer  Literacy  Requires  More   Skills     •  Ability  to  search   •  Ability  to  spell   •  Ability  to  navigate  pages   •  Ability  to  use  links  &  move  between  documents   •  Ability  to  use  interac*ve  features     Most  Internet  health  info  is  at  10-­‐12th  grade     33
  • 34. Mismatched  Communica=on   Information is too complicated for people’s health literacy abilities. 34
  • 35. Aler  a  clinical  visit,  pa=ents  may…   Forget  or  remember  incorrectly  over  50%   of  what  the  physician  said    
  • 36. A  ques=on  for  Linda   What  are  the  public  health   implica=ons  of  these  healthy   literacy  challenges?  
  • 37. Most  of  the  US  popula=on  may  be   at  risk  for…     •  Medical  misunderstandings   •  Mistakes  taking  medica=ons,  etc.   •  Excess  hospitaliza=ons  (2X)   •  Poor  health  outcomes  (1.5-­‐3X)   •  Unnecessary  deaths  
  • 38. Es=mated  Costs  of     Limited  Health  Literacy  on  the     Economy   $106  -­‐  $238  Billion               This  represents  7%  -­‐  17%  of  all   personal  health  care  expenditures     Vernon  J.  et  al,  2007         38 38
  • 39. Na=onal  HL  Policy  Evolu=on     AHRQ  2001  –  top  11  pa*ent  safety  prac*ces   IOM  Report  on  health  literacy,  2004   Healthy  People  2010:  Objec*ve  11   Joint  Commission:  pa*ent  communica*on  requirements   Surgeon  General’s  Workshop  on  Health  Literacy  -­‐  2006   Na*onal  Ac*on  Plan  to  Improve  Health  Literacy  -­‐  2010   U.S.  Plain  Language  Act  -­‐  2010    
  • 40. A  ques=on  for  Linda   So given all of this, what can we do to improve Health Communication?
  • 41. “Clear  Health  Communica=on”  Tips     •  Write  informa=on  at  appropriate  user  level   •  Put  info  in  small  “chunks”   •  Leave  1/3  to  1/2  page  as  “white  space”   •  Limit    info  to  1-­‐3  main  messages   •  Focus  on  behaviors  rather  than  facts   •  Use  photos  of  real  people     •  Make  informa=on  culturally  sensi=ve   Involve  users  as  co-­‐designers!    
  • 42.
  • 43. Measure  the  Readability  of   Materials   •  Many  tests  (mostly  measure  #  words  in  a  sentence   and  #  syllables  per  word)   •  SMOG   •  Frye   •  Flesch  Reading  Ease   •  Flesch-­‐Kinkaid  (avoid!)   Aim  for  about  a  6th-­‐7th  grade  reading  level     43
  • 44. “Universal  Design”   Studies  show  that  even  people  who  read  at  a   college  level  prefer  materials  wriUen  at  a  6th-­‐8th   grade  level,  and  understand  them  beUer.     Davis  TC,  Crouch  MA,  Willis  G.  et  al.  The  gap  between  pa*ent  reading  comprehension  and  the  readability   of  pa*ent  educa*on  materials.  J  Fam  Pract  1990;  31:  533-­‐8.             44
  • 45. Suitability  Assessment  of  Materials   (SAM)    22-­‐item  assessment  tool:  Readability  and     • Organiza*on  of  content   • Formapng   • Cultural  relevance   45
  • 46. What  do  YOU  think?   What  do  YOU  find  most  difficult  to  explain  about   the  ACA?   a.  The  *metable  for  implementa*on     b.  The  different  components  of  the  law   c.  How  the  Exchanges  will  work/cost  of  plans     d.  All  of  the  above    
  • 47. Some  of  Our  Work  to  Improve   Consumer  Informa=on  about  Health   Care  &  the  ACA  
  • 48. Guides  created  by  HRA  and  State  of  California  
  • 49. 49
  • 50. Health  Research  for  Ac=on   ACA  Research  Ac=vi=es         -­‐  Survey  of  CA  organiza=ons  providing  ACA   informa=on  to  consumers     -­‐  Assessment  of  available  ACA  resources  in   California    
  • 51. CA  Study:  Assessment  of  ACA  materials   –  We  tested  10  ACA  fact  sheets  for  readability   with  3  tests   –  Results:  8  of  10  items  tested  at  12th    grade  to   college  reading    levels  (!!)   –  Organiza=ons  wanted  simple  customizable   fact  sheets  in  many  languages   –  Videos  on  using  consumer  assistants,  gerng   preven=ve  care,  and  reques=ng  an   interpreter,  calcula=ng  health  care  costs,  etc.   –  Easy-­‐to-­‐understand  glossary   –  PowerPoint  presenta=ons  for  providers   *Funded by: CA Office of the Patient Advocate and CA Dept of Managed Health Care
  • 52. Health  Research  for  Ac=on   ACA  Communica=on  Development     •  Glossary  of  easy-­‐to-­‐understand  terms   •  Fact  Sheets  on  8  key  topics  in  3  languages   •  Videos  on  key  ACA  issues:  3  languages   •  Postcards  for  Medicaid  changes     •  Customizable  informa=on  templates   •  PowerPoint  presenta=ons  on  ACA  
  • 53. Key  takeaways   -­‐  Health  insurance  informa*on  requires  a  high   level  of  health  literacy  skills.  Only  about  12%  of   American  adults  are  es=mated  to  have  that   level  of  skills.       -­‐ Available  ACA  informa*on  has  a  high  readability   level  (college)  and  is  too  hard  for  people  to   understand.  Such  informa=on  should  be  wriUen   at  a  6th-­‐8th  grade  level.     -­‐ Besides  wri,en  informa*on,  people  will  need   other  media,  such  as  videos,  and  also  people  to   help  them.         -­‐  There  many  good  principles    to  develop  easier   to  understand  materials,  both  for  print  and  the   web.    
  • 54. Join  the  Conversa=on!   Questions or comments for Linda? Please submit questions by using the chat function OR clicking the “raise hand” button to be taken off mute We have our first question for Linda . . .
  • 55. Discussion/Q&A     Ask Linda! Share with Linda!
  • 56. It’s  YOUR  turn! Have  you  ever  misunderstood  your  own  health   insurance  rules  and  been  surprised  with  a  bill  or   a  coverage  denial?   a.  Yes   b.  No    
  • 57. Introducing  Kathy  Paez   Kathy Paez, RN, PhD American Institutes for Research
  • 58. Mee=ng  the  Challenge  of  Health   Insurance  Literacy  Aler  the  ACA   Kathryn  Paez,  R.N.,  Ph.D.   Copyright © 2012 American Institutes for Research. All rights reserved.
  • 59. By  2014,  20  million  Americans  are  expected  to  have   access  to  health  insurance   . Source: The Congressional Budget Office, Letter to the Honorable Nancy Pelosi, Mar. 20, 2010, http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=11379.
  • 60. Literacy  in  the  United  States   Percentage  of  adults  in  each  literacy  level,  2003   Below  Basic   Basic   Intermediate   Proficient   Quan*ta*ve   22%   33%   33%   13%   Document   12%   22%   53%   13%   Prose   14%   29%   44%   13%   Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy
  • 61. Health  insurance  is  one  of  the  most  complex   commodi=es  sold  to  consumers     Consumer  
  • 62. Consumers  are  required  to  navigate  through  layers  of   complicated  jargon  to  effec=vely  select  and  use  health   insurance   Provider  Types   Health  Care  Services   U=liza=on  of  Services   Enrollment   Rx  Drug  Coverage   Plan  Type  &  Accounts   Cost  Sharing   ap 1 st Dolla Prev mC Coinsurance Care r Coverag e Max ime imu Medic ers en Prov Coverage t tive Consumer   Life Limit Copay id al Premium Plan Year Deductible Tiered Benefits d Den Guaranteed Bran Preexisting Midle ers i OOP Max Prov Paymal ofRenewal Condition ent In & Out of Network id vel Formulary Group ID Member ID Member Services Rehabilitation Services
  • 63. What  will  I  pay  for  a  bunionectomy?     Copay?     $100 Deduc*ble?     $1000 How  much  met  already?     Out  of  Network?     $950 usual  charge=$4,500;  actual  charge=$5,450   Coinsurance?   $690 or 20%  before  or  aSer  copay  and  deduc*ble?   $900 Out-of-pocket = $2,740 or $2,950
  • 64. A  ques=on  for  Kathy   What is health INSURANCE literacy? How is it different from health literacy?
  • 65. Health  insurance  literacy   defined   “The  degree  to  which  individuals  have  the  knowledge,   ability,  and  confidence  to  find  and  evaluate   informa-on  about  health  plans,  select  the  best  plan   for  their  own  (or  their  family’s)  financial  and  health   circumstances,  and  use  the  plan  once  enrolled.”       Health  Insurance  Literacy  =  Selec=on  +  Use   Measuring Health Insurance Literacy: A Call to Action. A Report from the Health Insurance Literacy Roundtable, February 2012 http://www.consumersunion.org/pub/Health_Insurance_Literacy_Roundtable_rpt.pdf
  • 66. Breaking  down  health  insurance  literacy  into  its  parts   Knowledge   Document  Literacy   e.g.,  Understand  insurance   terms  and  concepts   e.g.,  Understand  an  explana*on   of  benefits  statement     Self-­‐Efficacy   The  confidence  to  act     Informa*on-­‐Seeking   Cogni*ve  Skills   Skills   e.g.,  Project  use  and     out-­‐of-­‐pocket  cost     e.g.,  Find  in-­‐network  providers   on  plan  Web  site  
  • 67. A question for Kathy How health insurance literate are consumers?
  • 68. Overly confident that insurance covers the cost of care   “People  have  the  tendency  to  assume  that  because  you  have  a  par-cular   policy  from  a  par-cular  carrier,  you  have  good  insurance,  which  is  not  true.   You  can  have  Blue  Cross  Blue  Shield,  but  it  doesn’t  mean  that  it’s  a  good   policy.’’  
  • 69. Don’t  understand  insurance     mi=gates  financial  risk   “We’ve  actually  encountered  a  fair  number  of  people  who  say,  ‘I’m   not  going  to  pay  $300  a  month  because  I’m  not  going  to  use  $300   a  month  of  anything.’  Some-mes  they  don’t  get  the  concept  that  if   you  don’t  need  it  now,  it’s  for  a  poten-al  future  health  problem   and  you  have  to  pay  in  advance.  You  don’t  sign  up  when  you  get   sick.”  
  • 70. Have  difficulty  assessing  value   •  Gravitate  towards  cheaper,  high-­‐risk  op*ons   or  more  expensive  but  less  cost-­‐effec*ve   op*ons  
  • 71. Have  difficulty  appropriately  using  insurance     •  Don’t  get  established  with  a  physician   •  Assume  physicians  will  refer  them  to     in-­‐network  providers  or  don’t  consider  network  at  all.   •  Have  trouble  applying  plan  rules:     “Is  a  referral  needed  or  not?”   •  Pay  out-­‐of-­‐pocket  costs  without  pursuing  insurance   nonpayment.  
  • 72. What  do  YOU  think?   •  Where  should  consumers  turn  to  find  out   details  about  their  coverage?   a.  Health  care  provider   b.  Health  plan  or  Medicaid  office     c.  Employer  HR  department     d.  Health  care  advocacy  group   e.  I’m  not  sure    
  • 74. Reducing  the  tremendous  cogni=ve  demand  on   consumers   • Standardize     • Simplify  informa*on   • Harness  technology  
  • 75. How  the  ACA  will  help   ACA  Reforms   September  23,  2012   January  1,  2014   Standardize  choice   •  No  life*me  limits   •  4  comparable  actuarial   •  100%  coverage  for  some   value  *ers     preven*ve  services   •  Coverage  of  “essen*al   benefits”   •  Plans  offered  in  health   insurance  exchanges  (HIX)   are  “qualified”   Simplify  consumer   Summary  of  benefits  and   informa*on   coverage  (SBC)  materials  with   •  Limit   coverage  examples   •  Standardize   •  Plain  language   Harness  technology   Plans  on  HIX  must  have  a   method  to  calculate  OOP  cost     Reforms apply to small group and individual plans in private market and sometimes large group plans.
  • 76. Coverage  levels  under  the  ACA   “the  metals”   Metal  Tier   Actuarial  Value   More  Coverage   Pla*num   90%   Gold     80%   Silver     70%   Bronze   60%   Versus 70 percent actuarial value: the plan pays 70 percent on average for covered medical services; 30 percent on average is paid for by beneficiaries.
  • 77. Standardized  “essen=al  benefits”  required  by   the  ACA   •  Ambulatory  pa*ent  services,  such  as  doctor’s  visits  and  outpa*ent   services   •  Emergency  services   •  Hospitaliza*on   •  Maternity  and  newborn  care   •  Mental  health  and  substance  use  disorder  services     •  Prescrip*on  drugs     •  Rehabilita*ve  and  habilita*ve  services  and  devices   •  Laboratory  services   •  Preven*ve  and  wellness  services  and  chronic  disease  management   •  Pediatric  services,  including  oral  and  vision  care  
  • 78. Standardize  summary  of  benefits   and  coverage   •  Mandated  that  all  insurance  plans  use  this  form   beginning  in  2012   •  Standardized  and  tested  format     •  Allows  comparison  of  coverage  op*ons   •  Includes  coverage  examples   •  Includes  glossary  of  terms   8  pages!!!  
  • 79. Summary  of  benefits  and   coverage  
  • 80. Summary  of  benefits  and   coverage  
  • 81. Glossary  of  terms   Deductible The amount you owe for health care services your health insurance or plan covers before your health insurance or plan begins to pay. For example, if your deductible is $1000, your plan won’t pay anything until you’ve met your $1000 deductible for covered health care services subject to the deductible. The deductible may not apply to all services.
  • 83. Tools  to  calculate  consumer  cost  
  • 84. It’s  YOUR  turn   ACA  and  it’s  implementa*on  will  make  it  easier   for  consumers  to  make  good  decisions  about   health  insurance   a.  Agree   b.  Disagree   c.  Not  sure  
  • 85. Reducing  the  tremendous  cogni=ve  demand  on   consumers   • Standardize     • Simplify  informa*on   • Harness  technology  
  • 86. Choice  architecture   Organizes  and  frames  informa*on   •  Filtering  to  limit  what  appears  on  the  screen   •  Sor*ng  informa*on   •  Comparing  side  by  side  (quality,  cost)  
  • 87. Filter,  sort  and  compare  
  • 88. Compare  side  by  side  
  • 89. Key  takeaways   •  Selecting and using health insurance is tremendously complex! •  We, as health care professionals, all need to become health insurance navigators and support the less health insurance literate. •  Attention is needed on navigating insurance once consumers get into the system.
  • 90. Join  the  Conversa=on!   Questions or comments for Kathy? Please submit questions by using the chat function OR clicking the “raise hand” button to be taken off mute We have our first question for Kathy. . .
  • 91. Discussion/Q&A     Ask Kathy! Share with Kathy!
  • 92. Ques=ons  for  our  speakers   Kathryn Paez, RN, Linda Neuhauser, PhD, American DrPH Institutes for University of Research California-Berkeley,
  • 93. Health  Literacy:   Undervalued  by   Public  Health?   A  tool  for  public  health   professionals.                                                       Prepared  for  the  American  Public  Health   Associa*on  Community  Health  Planning  &   Policy  Development  Sec*on   Tammy  Pilisuk,  MPH        AUG  2011  
  • 94. Next  steps   •  Today’s slides will be posted online, along with an archived version of this webinar, for future access •  An evaluation will be sent to you shortly ─ please let us know if you would like to follow-up on anything we touched on today •  Have additional questions? Contact our presenters or moderator.
  • 95. Thanks  to  our  speakers!   Kathryn Paez, RN, Linda Neuhauser, PhD, American DrPH, University of Institutes for California-Berkeley Research
  • 96. Resources   •  CDC:  Health  Literacy h,p://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/index.html   •    Literacy  Informa*on  and  Communica*on  System   (LINCS):    h,ps://community.lincs.ed.gov/   •  American  Medical  Associa*on’s  health  literacy  site:   h,p://www.ama-­‐assn.org/ama/pub/about-­‐ama/our-­‐ people/affiliated-­‐groups/ama-­‐founda*on/our-­‐ programs/public-­‐health/health-­‐literacy-­‐program.shtml       96
  • 97. Resources  (cont.)   •  US  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services     Web  Usability  Guidelines:  www.usability.gov       h,p://www.usability.gov/guidelines/index.html     •  Communica*ng  Risks  and  Benefits:  An  Evidence-­‐ Based  User’s  Guide:      h,p://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/  ReportsManualsForms/Reports/ucm268078.htm    (see  especially  Chapter  9,  “Health  Literacy”  and    Chapter  14,    “Readability,  Comprehension,  and  Usability”)  
  • 98. Resources  (cont.)   •  ACA  Regula*ons  and  Guidance:   h,p://www.dol.gov/ebsa/healthreform/ index.html#5   •  Web  Portal  for  the  public      www.healthcare.gov   •  Qualita*ve  research  reports  by  Consumers  Union   evalua*ng  health  insurance  tools  for  consumers   h,p://www.consumersunion.org/health.html     98
  • 99. 99
  • 100. Speaker  Contact  Informa*on     Linda  Neuhauser,  DrPH,  MPH   lindan@berkeley.edu   hUp://www.healthresearchforac=on.org     Kathy  Paez,  RN,  PhD   kpaez@air.org     hUp://www.air.org      
  • 101. Thank  you  to  our  Sponsors     Community Health Planning and Policy Development Section, APHA
  • 102. Thank  you  to  our  planning   commiUee   •  Tammy  Pilisuk,  MPH,  APHA-­‐CHPPD   •  Erin  Brigham,  MPH,  CareSource,  APHA-­‐CHPPD   •  Amanda  Crowe,  MA,  MPH,  Impact  Health   Communica*ons,  LLC   •  Meghan  Bridgid  Moran,  PhD,  San  Diego  State   University,  School  of  Communica*ons     •  Nancy  Murphy,  MSHC,  Metropolitan  Group  
  • 103. Conclusion   Thank  you!