The lifecycle of developed fields, onshore and offshore will go through different stages of production up to the decline into late field life. Effective reservoir engineering management will lead to prolonging the life of field if a cost effective processing surface facilities strategy is put in place. Factors that lead to the decline in oil production or increase in OPEX may include increased water production, solids handling and the need for relatively higher compression requirements for gas lift. In order to maintain productivity and profitability, an effective holistic engineering approach to optimizing the process surface facilities must be utilized. The challenges of Optimizing Mature Field Production are: 1. Reservoir understanding with potential definition of additional reserves 2. Complete re-appraisal of the operability issues in the production facilities 3. Develop confidence to invest to optimize the process handling capabilities and capacity 4. Low CAPEX simplification of the surface facilities infrastructure to meet challenges 5. An implementation plan that recognizes the ‘Brownfield’ complexities 6. Selection of suitable optimum technology, configuration and training 7. Optimum upgrade plan of the facilities with minimum production losses Successful operation of mature fields and their surface facilities requires successful change management to the new operating strategy. Using a holistic approach can maximize the full potential of mature processing facilities at a manageable CAPEX and OPEX.
Dr. Wally Georgie Dr. Wally Georgie has a B.Sc degree in Chemistry, M.Sc in Polymer Technology, M.Sc in Safety Engineering and PhD in Applied Chemistry with training courses in oil and gas process engineering, production, reservoir and corrosion engineering. He has worked for over 37 years in different areas of oil and gas production facilities, including corrosion control, flow assurance, fluid separation, separator design, gas handling and produced water. He started his career in oil and gas services sector in 1978 based in the UK and working globally with different production issues then joined Statoil as senior staff engineer and later as technical advisor in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Working as part of operation team on oil and gas production facilities key focus areas included optimization, operation trouble-shooting, de-bottlenecking, oil water separation, slug handling, process verification, and myriad other fluid and gas handling issues. He then started working in March 1999 as a consultant globally both offshore and onshore, conventional and unconventional in the area of separation trouble shooting, operation assurance, produced water management, gas handling problems, flow assurance, system integrities and production chemistry, with emphasis in dealing with mature facilities worldwide.
Your Field is Getting Older: Is your Process Engineering Still Cost Effective?
1. Your Field is Getting Old:
Is Your Process Engineering Still Cost Effective
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Program
www.spe.org/dl
Dr. Wally Georgie
Separation Fluid and Produced Water Specialist
2
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Challenges of Optimizing Mature Field Production
• Mature Field Reinvigoration
• Production Field Lifecycle
• Specific Examples of Separation Technology
• Case Studies
• Conclusions
3
3. Introduction
• Development focuses on the main production period
• Reduction in field life due to process limitation
• Late field life process handling can be improved
• Opportunity to enhance late field life
• Clear reservoir and production management strategy
• Upgrade options - optimize existing facilities vs. new
equipment
4
4. Assess the Existing Facility
Facility Capacity Constraints
• Projected Production
Projected
Production
Endof
Field
Life
Gas
Oil
Time
5
5. Assess the Existing Facility
Facility Capacity Constraints
• Actual Production – Sand/Solids, High Water Cut
Productio
n
Endof
Field
Life
Projected Gas
Projected Oil
Actual Gas
Actual Oil
Time
6
6. Assess the Existing Facility
Facility Capacity Constraints
• Actual Production – Slugging
Actual
Production
Endof
Field
Life
Gas
Oil
Time
7
7. Assess the Existing Facility
Facility Capacity Constraints
• Actual Production – Slugging / Control
10
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
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02/08/2011 08:24 02/08/2011 09:36 02/08/2011 10:48 02/08/2011 12:00
0
02/08/2011 13:12
OilFlow
(MBOPD)
GasFlow
(MMSCF/day)
Projected Gas
Projected Oil
Actual Gas Flow
Actual Oil Flow
8
9. Challenges of Mature Field Facilities
• Maturity leads to:
• Lower oil production
• Increased water production
• More solids and other contaminants
• Changes in operating conditions (T and P)
• Operating outside the original design envelope
• Higher operating cost per barrel of oil produced
• Higher gas rate (some cases)
10
10. Challenges of Mature Field Facilities
• Improving existing process infrastructure at low cost
• Improving uptime and effective troubleshooting
approach
• Controlling OPEX due to higher uplift cost
• Adding third party production
• Additional field development with different Oil
Characteristic (different API grades)
11
12. Improvement
Methodology/Understanding
• System diagnostics/Plant mapping is an effective tool
• Mapping of individual critical process vessels will reduce
long term CAPEX and OPEX
• System modeling where relevant
• Fluids characterization/Flow assurance
• Process data interpretation
• Chemical management
• Personnel Training with field maturity
13
13. Fundamental Aspects of Separation
Technology for Handling Effective
Oil Water Separation
14
14. Typical Configuration of Crude Oil
Separators
1. Cyclonic Inlet Device
2. Perforated Baffles
3. Desanding System
4. Coalescer Plate
5. Produced Water Collection
Manifold
6. Increased Weir Height
7. Updated Gas-Oil and
Oil-Water Levels
Instrumentation
8. Profile Gauge
Measures Gas, Foam,
Oil, Emulsion, Water,
and Sand Phases
9. Demister for Reduced
Gas Loadings
2
1
2 2
3 3
4
8
7
7
5
9
6
15
15. Alternative Separator Designs
1. Vane Type Inlet Device
2. Perforated Baffles Plates
3. Desanding System
4. Submerged Weir
5. Demister for High Gas
Loading
2
1
2 2
3 33
4
5
Gas Outlet
Oil OutletWater Outlet
Inlet
16
16. Case Study 1
17
Extended Field Life of an Onshore Facility
• Performance issues in oil-water separation system
• Not meeting oil specification for export
• Consequential current reduced oil production
• Planned future additional oil of different API
17. • Strategy:
• Evaluate performance of separation system
• Define equipment limits
• Assess root causes
• Develop optimization plan for achieving oil spec
• Handling oil from additional field development
18
Case Study 1
18. System Assessment
SLUGCATCHER
DEHYDRATOR
CRUDEOIL
IP SEPARATOR
FOAMBRKR
INLET FOAMBRKR
MISTELIM.
FOAMBRKR
FOAMBRKR
MISTELIM.
WELL FLUIDS
GAS
COMP.
GAS
COMP.
SKIM TANKSKIM TANK
OIL SKIM TANK
SKIM TANKSKIM TANK
BOOSTER
PUMPS
WI PUMPS
PW INJECTION
PLATE
PACK
PLATE
PACK
GAS
COMP.
SEPARATOR
SIZING
PW TREATMENT
PERFORMANCE
HIGH INLET
MOMENTUM
THEORETICAL
SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
WITH NEW
HEAVY OIL
THEORETICAL
RESIDENCE TIME
SYSTEM
CAPACITY
19
21. Case Study 2
22
Offshore Facility with Production Deviation
• Operating at less than 20% of design capacity
• Not meeting oil specification for export
• Not meeting water discharge specification
22. • Strategy:
• Evaluate performance of separation and PW system
• Define equipment limits
• Assess root causes
• Develop optimization plan for achieving oil and
water spec
23
Case Study 2
23. System Layout
NO RTH – 1st
STAGE
NO RTH
R ESER VOIR
(SWEET)
S O UTH
R ESER VOIR
SOUTH – 1st
STAGE
SK IM M E R
NO RTH
R ESER VOIR
(SOUR)
N O R TH
H C
NO RTH – 2nd
STAGE
SO U TH
H C
S O U TH
EXPOR T
C A ISSO N
PR O C ESS
R EC YC LE
NO RTH
EXPOR T
DEGASSER
C A ISSO N
1st
STAGE
STR IPPIN G
TO W E R
EAST
R ESER VOIR
WE S T
R ESER VOIR
? ?
24
24. Additional Subsea Production / Added Gas Lift
NORTH – 1st
STAGE
NORTH
RESERVOIR
(SWEET)
SOUTH – 1st
STAGE
NORTH
RESERVOIR
(SOUR)
NORTH
HC
NORTH – 2nd
STAGE
HC
SOUTH
EXPORT
PROCESS
RECYCLE
NORTH
EXPORT
SKIMMER
DEGASSER
SOUTH
1st
STAGE
STRIPPING
TOWER
EAST
RESERVOIR
WEST
RESERVOIR
SOUTH
RESERVOIR
25
CAISSONCAISSON
25. Case Study Findings
NORTH – 1st
STAGE
NORTH
RESERVOIR
(SWEET)
SOUTH – 1st
STAGE
NORTH
RESERVOIR
(SOUR)
NORTH
HC
NORTH – 2nd
STAGE
PROCESS
RECYCLE
NORTH &
SOUTH
EXPORT
DEGASSER
1st
STAGE
STRIPPING
TOWER
EAST
RESERVOIR
WEST
RESERVOIR
SOUTH
RESERVOIR
EPCON
UNIT
NEW
SOUTH
HC
26
CAISSONCAISSON
26. Conclusions
• Successful operation of mature fields requires effective
change in approach
• Focus on the future – not what has occurred before
• Effective solution requires holistic approach
• Understanding of entire system and limitations
• Late field life reinvigoration plan realizes additional
reserves
• New operational strategy extends field life with
manageable CAPEX and OPEX
27
27. Society of Petroleum
Engineers Distinguished
Lecturer Program
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