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1. EX-ACT: EX-Ante Carbon balance
Tool
Madeleine Jönsson, FAO
Carbon in Soils, Kulturhuset, Stockholm
08.05.2012

2. Outline of this Presentation
Outline of the presentation
• What is EX-ACT
• What can EX-ACT do
• Why the EX-ACT tool
• The EX-ACT tool: technical description
- The structure and logic of EX-ACT
- One example from case studies

3. WHAT IS EX-ACT ?
What is EX-ACT?
• EX-ACT :
– A tool to conduct the carbon balance appraisals of
Agricultural, Forestry and other Land Use (AFOLU)
projects
• Developed by:
– FAO Economic Division (ESA), FAO Investment Center
(TCI) and Policy Support Services (TCSP)
• In collaboration with:
– French Development Research Institute(IRD), GIZ, IFAD,
AFD(France) AfDB, SEI(Sweden), ADEME (France),
World Bank

4. What can EX-ACT do?
• Assess the carbon balance of
– AFOLU projects
– Value Chains
– National Strategic plans/policies
• Select activities with better potential to cope with
sustainability
• Help decision making during project formulation

5. What can EX-ACT do?
Takes into account activities
Deforestation, A-Re/forestation, forest degradation, Restoration of grasslands, livestock, cultivation of annual
crops, cultivation of perennial crops, fertilization of crops, installation of building, installation of irrigation systems...
that impact GHG fluxes (emissions and sinks)
CO2, CH4, N2O
from and to different pools
above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, soil, litter and dead wood
EMISSIONS  STOCKS 
Carbon balance in t of eq-CO2
Positive result : There are more emissions 
Negative result: There are less emissions 
MITIGATION !

6. Why the EX-ACT tool?
Advantages Limitations
• Well suited for the assessment of Lacks a link to yield/agricultural
projects activities on various land- productivity indicators
use areas and scale
• Flexible
• Projections for longer time
horizons
• Simple, user-friendly, cost effective
• Interactive and participatory
• Output can be used for financial
and economic analysis
• It is Excel based

7. Why the EX-ACT tool?
• Project formulation
• Developing future
Project and strategies and
policy design objectives
• National/regional level
agricultural Programme
EX-ACT Value chain
• Cost-effectiveness
analysis (MACC)
Economics
• Analysis of the
and finance
possibility to access
public funding or the
carbon market

8. EX-ACT: technical description

9. The The structure and logic of EX-ACT
structure and the logic of EX-ACT
EXCEL File
Project activities
Project Carbon balance
Description (identification of expected
land use and practices changes)
Continent Deforestation
Afforestation and Reforestation
Forest degradation
Climate Non forest land use change
Annual crops
Perennial crops Matrix
Soil Irrigated rice (Synthesis of land
Grasslands
use and land
Exploitation of organic soils
Duration Livestock use changes)
Inputs
Other investments
-Describe Tier 1:
-Start situation
vegetation/animals/inputs
IPCC coefficients
concerned -Future without project
-Describe main management -Future with project
Tier 2 : ad-hoc
practices
-Area concerned

10. The structure and the logic of EX-ACT
The structure and logic of EX-ACT
3 different dynamics of change Difference used to compute the final C
(ha of land use, number of cattle heads,…)
(adoption) of practices balance in tons CO2 equivalent
x2 With project
Variable considered
Benefits of
the project
x1 Without project
x0
Implementation phase Capitalization phase
Time (years)

11. The structure and the logic of EX-ACT
The structure and logic of EX-ACT
3 different dynamics of change (adoption) of practice
Absolute Change
“Immediate” “Linear” “Exponential”
(x1-x0)
Time
t0 t1 t0 t1 t0 t1 (years)
Default option
in Tier 1

12. The structure and logic of EX-ACT: results
2 types of results:
• Gross results
• Carbon balance (net benefits of the
project)

13. The structure and logic of EX-ACT: gross results
• Emissions: 100 000 t 30 000 t
• Sequestration: 20 000 t 50 000 t

14. The structure and logic of EX-ACT: gross results
120
100
100
80
80
60
t CO2-eq
40 with
20
0
30
Emissions
+ -20
Sequestration
= TOTAL
without
-20
-20
-40 -50
-60

15. The structure and logic of EX-ACT: C
balance
100
80
80
60
40
20
t CO2-eq
0
-20 with without C balance
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-100
-120

16. Example: carbon balance appraisal of a project
The East African Dairy Development (EADD) Project in collaboration with the Mitigation
of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA), FAO
Objective: Increase agricultural livestock productivity with an increased focus on agro-forestry
Targets: 7.500 farm families
Means: improved feeding practices, increased agro-forestry, stop residue burning, adoption of improved
practises
Duration of carbon balance appraisal: 3+17 years
600000
Gross fluxes
EADD Project
400000
Gross fluxes
scenario 1
200000
Gross fluxes
scenario 2
0
-200000
-400000
-600000

17. Contacts
• Website: http://www.fao.org/tc/exact/en/
• E-mail: EX-ACT@fao.org
• EX-ACT team:
– Martial Bernoux, martial.bernoux@ird.fr
– Louis Bockel, louis.bockel@fao.org
– Giacomo Branca, giacomo.branca@fao.org
– Madeleine Jönsson, madeleine.jonsson@fao.org
– Daneswar Poonyth, daneswar.poonyth@fao.org
– Rocio Sanz Cortés, rsanzcortes@googlemail.com
– Ophélie Touchemoulin, ophelie.touchemoulin@fao.org

18. 
Return
24/06/2010

19. Project Summary Area (Initial state in ha) Duration of the

Name Forest/Plantation 35000 Project (years)
Annual 12400 Implementation 10
Continent Africa Cropland Perennial 0 Capitalisation 10
Climate Tropical Moist Grassland
Rice 21800
40000
Total 20
Return
Other Land Degraded 28750
Dominante Soil Type Soils
HAC Other 0 Total Area 137950
Components of the Project Balance (Project - Baseline) CO2 N2O CH4 Per phase of the project Mean per year
All GHG in tCO2eq Biomass Soil Implement. Capital. Total Implement. Capital.
Deforestation -628907 this is a sink -357207 -271700 0 0 -447773 -181133 -31445 -44777 -18113
Afforestation and Reforestation -989278 this is a sink -719813 -269466 0 0 -344334 -644944 -49464 -34433 -64494
Other Land Use Change -188444 this is a sink -8800 -179644 0 0 -68681 -119763 -9422 -6868 -11976
Agriculture
Annual Crops -277879 this is a sink 0 -161220 -32290 -84370 -92626 -185253 -13894 -9263 -18525
Agroforestry/Perennial Crops -183225 this is a sink -167475 -15750 0 0 -57225 -126000 -9161 -5723 -12600
Rice -48612 this is a sink 0 0 0 -48612 -16204 -32408 -2431 -1620 -3241
Grassland -146396 this is a sink 0 -146396 0 0 -48799 -97598 -7320 -4880 -9760
Other GHG Emissions CO2 (other)
Livestock 0 --- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inputs 91148 this is a source 62790 28358 --- 25980 65168 4557 2598 6517
Project Investment 1463 this is a source 1463 --- --- 1463 0 73 146 0
Final Balance -2370130 It is a sink -1189041 -1044176 -3931 -132981 -1048200 -1321930 -118506 -104820 -132193
Result per ha -17.2 -8.6 -7.6 0.0 -1.0 -7.6 -9.6 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0
200000
0
-200000
-400000
-600000
-800000
-1000000
Deforestation Afforestation and Other Land Use Annual Crops Agroforestry/Perennial Rice Grassland Livestock Inputs Project Investment
Reforestation Change Crops
24/06/2010

20. 
24/06/2010 Return

21. 
Return
24/06/2010