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Lecture vienna september 16 2005
1. Noninvasive MDCT-
based Imaging of the
Coronary Arteries
Udo Hoffmann, MD
Director of Cardiac CT Research
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School
Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA
2. Challenge of Coronary
Artery Imaging
Small Vessels with Complex
Anatomy in Rapid Motion
Cornerstone Invasive Selective
Coronary Angiography
21. - decrease number of purely diagnostic
invasive selective coronary angiograms
- complimentary to stress testing
- improve early triage of patients with acute
chest pain
Potential Clinical
Applications
22. Study Design
early risk stratification in the ED
decision to admit to hospital
MDCT
standard clinical care (blinded to MDCT)
discharge diagnosis
23. Test Raw Data Overall
Sensitivity 5/5 1 (0.49, 1)
Specificity 26/35 0.74 (0.57,0.88)
Accuracy 31/40 0.78 (0.62, 0.89)
PPV 5/14 0.38 (0.13, 0.65)
NPV 26/26 1 (0.87, 1)
DOR 286
Overall Diagnostic Accuracy
of MDCT (>50% stenosis) vs.
ACS outcome
24. Patient without ACSPatient without ACS
43 year old female, 3 hours of substernal chest pain
radiating to the back, negative initial Troponin and
CK-MB, ECG: sinus bradycardia
25. • Patient with crushing chest pain
• now relieved (Nitro)
• Borderline ST- Elevation
• No biomarker elevation
Patient with ACSPatient with ACS
35. Potential Impact on
Decision Making
Pretest
Probability
Posttest
Probability
P-value
ACSACS 0.44±0.39 0.79±0.28 0.03
NoNo
ACSACS
0.28±0.21 0.05±0.07 0.0001
Decrease average LOS in patients without
ACS by 22 hours per patient
36. - decrease number of purely diagnostic
invasive selective coronary angiograms
- complimentary to stress testing
- improve early triage of patients with acute
chest pain
- detect coronary anomalies
Potential Clinical
Applications
38. - decrease number of purely diagnostic
invasive selective coronary angiograms
- complimentary to stress testing
- improve early triage of patients with acute
chest pain
- detect coronary anomalies
- determine bypass patency
Potential Clinical
Applications
39. • High sensitivity and specificity for arterial conduits
and venous grafts
• Limitations: distal Anastomosis in small vessels,
metallic clips
Martuscelli Circulation 2004
Bypass Graft Patency
40. - decrease number of purely diagnostic
invasive selective coronary angiograms
- complimentary to stress testing
- improve early triage of patients with acute
chest pain
- detect coronary anomalies
- determine bypass patency
- improve risk predicition/ change definition of
CAD
Potential Clinical
Applications
41. MPR of LAD in Cross SectionThin MIP
Detection of Plaque
Sensitivity 82%, Specificity 88%
Achenbach et al. Circulation 2004
42. r = 0.64, p < 0.001
Moselewski et al. AJC 2004
Plaque Area
Potential to detect and quantify coronary plaque
44. SummarySummary
• Cardiac CT is a fast robust and highly
reproducible noninvasive test
• Lots of promise that it may change and
improve management of patients with
suspected or known CAD
But no data available yet
• Direct information on the presence and
extent of CAD (stenosis and plaque), LV
function and perfusion
45. MGH Cardiac CTA 2005MGH Cardiac CTA 2005
1. Core Lab for US Multi-center Trial on the
Detection of Coronary Artery Stenosis with
>1000 Patients
2. Cardiac CT for early triage in Patients with
Acute Chest Pain
3. Core Lab for Siemens Multi-center Trial IVUS
vs. MDCT
4. Non-Calcified Plaque (FHS) in Patients with
Family History of premature CAD
(Framingham)
5. Correction of Image Degradation in cardiac
CT