how man and animal conflict occurs and easons behind this scenario

1. A PRESENTATION
ON
HUMAN-WILDLIFECONFLICTS
By
Saisikan Patra

2. INTRODUCTION
Human–wildlife conflict refers to the interaction
between wild animals and people and the resultant
negative impact on people or their resources, or wild
animals or their habitat.
It occurs when growing human populations overlap
with established wildlife territory, creating reduction of
resources or life to some people and/or wild animals.

3. HUMANSANDWILDLIFEINPERSPECTIVE
Types of interactionsHumans and wildlife interacted
throughout history
1) exploited wild animals for food
2) exploited animals for sports and culture
3) we have modified landscapes
4) we have moved species around the world
Positive: Agriculture and food production,
aesthetics
Negative: Wild animals eat our livestock, damage
our crops, compete
for prey, maybe even kill or injure us

5. ReasonSBehindTheHumanWildlifeConflict
Deforestation
Loss of Habitat
Decline in Prey
Injured or Old Animal
Growing Human Population

6. Resultsof HumanWildlifeConflict
Crop Damage
Animal Deaths
Loss of Human Life
Injuries to People
Injuries to Wildlife
Livestock Depredation

7. TheGlobalScenarioin
Human-WildlifeConflict
USA
 Annual Estimate of damage to
agriculture producers around US $
4.5 billion
 1.5 million deer – vehicle
collisions/ year, Annual Loss – US
$ 1.6 billion

8. Europe
 In France damage to crops by wild boar and deer
amounted to € 23 million/ Year appx.
 In Slovenia compensation for damage by large
predator in 3 years exceeded € 706,000.
China
 Rural inhabitants of the mountain area of
Simao near the Xishuang Bannar Nature
Reserve, claimed that elephants damage
reduced the community’s annual income in
2000 by 28 to 48 percent and the total
economic losses between 1996 and 1999
amounted to US $ 314,600

9. Africa
 Crop damage is the most prevalent form of
human wildlife conflict across the African
continent. In some semi arid rural farming
areas of Zimbabwe and Kenya, elephant
damage to food crops accounts for 75 to 90
percent of all damage caused by large mammals
India
 Almost entire country affected by HWC in
varying degrees
 Major species involved are: Leopard, Snow
Leopard, Tiger, Wolf, Elephant, Black Buck, Wild
Ass, Sloth Bear, Brown Bear, Rhesus and

10. There are approximately 85 or fewer people killed
and injured by tigers each year.
According to the National Geographic Channel
documentary Elephant Range, some500 people are
killed by elephant attacks each year.
 On average, there are 16 shark attacks per year in
the United States( great white, tiger and bull Spp.)

11. Human-ElephantConflict:CaseStudiesfromOdisha
In both Africa and Asia, elephant habitat is being
replaced by agriculture — both small-scale
subsistence agriculture and international
agribusiness.
The animals are being squeezed into smaller and
smaller areas of remaining natural habitat, which
are surrounded by crops that elephants like to eat.
As a result, elephants frequently raid and destroy
the fields. Small farmers - often desperately poor
and economically vulnerable, and sometimes
forced by circumstances to
encroach into elephant habitat - can lose their
entire livelihood overnight to an elephant raid.
There are also deaths and injuries on both sides

12. During last seven years elephant depredation
cases have been recorded and compassionate
payment made to the victims or to the
family members of victims.
45.56 % was paid in cases of human kill,
1.48% in human injury,
0.12% in cattle kill,
14.15% in house damage
38.66 % in instances of crop damage.
During this period elephants damaged 23,241
acres of paddy crop
During the period a total of 365 human beings
killed in elephant attack,

13. The following measures need to be undertaken inside
Protected Areas (PAs) to keep the wild elephants in
their natural habitats. The measures include :
• creating more elephant reserves;
• raising / improving fodder resources;
• improving water facilities;
• installing solar electric fencing;
• increasing communication network;
•changing crop pattern around PAs
• Capacity building of the villagers and forest
dwellers
• Encouraging traditional knowledge and local
innovations and
• To increase awareness campaign among
inhabitants around Elephants habitats and the
common man.

14. We must think for tangible long-term
solutions so that man and Wild lives
can live together.
Instead of Human-Wildlife Conflict in
coming days we must do everything
for Human-Wildlife Co-existence

15. THANK YOU