Equine embryo transfer and other techniques Dr Jose Len
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This document discusses various equine embryo transfer and assisted reproductive techniques, including their applications, protocols, and outcomes. It describes selecting healthy recipient mares, synchronizing donors and recipients, performing embryo flushes 7-9 days after donor ovulation, and transferring fresh or cooled embryos non-surgically, which typically achieve 70-75% pregnancy rates at day 15. Post-procedure recipient management and donor management after flushing are also outlined. Other techniques mentioned include deep horn insemination, oocyte transfer, gamete intrafallopian transfer, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
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Equine embryo transfer and other techniques Dr Jose Len
- 2. Applications • Increased numbers of foals from selected mares • Foals from mares that are in training or competition • Foals from mares that are unable to foal because of reproductive or non‐reproductive problems • Investigation of embryo‐maternal interactions www.laestrella.com.pa
- 4. Recipient mares selection • 2 – 3 per donor mare • Age: 3 – 12 years • Sound mare • Free of disease • Free of musculoskeletal problems • Reproductively sound • Breeding soundness examination • Good cervical and uterine tone • Easy to handle • Hire a recipient mare
- 5. Mare synchronization • Donor synchronized with recipients • Synchronization protocols • Prostaglandins (two injections 14 days apart) • Progesterone + estrogen Donor OV 0 Recipient OV +4 +8‐1
- 6. Breeding management • Donor and recipients • Uterine oedema • Follicular development • ≥ 35 mm • Inseminate donor • Fresh • Fresh cooled • Frozen • Induce ovulation in all mares
- 7. Breeding management • Post‐breeding • Donor • Fluid? • Treat • Recipients • Fluid? • Consider removing • Ovulation • Cervical tone • Uterine tone
- 8. Embryo flush • 7 – 9 days after donor mare ovulates • Embryo recovery: 50% www.foxvalleyequine.com
- 9. Embryo transfer • Non‐surgical • Fresh • Fresh cooled for 24 h • Good quality embryos • 70 – 75% pregnancy at day 15 • 65% pregnancy at day 50
- 10. Recipient management post embryo transfer • Progesterone supplementation • Controversial immediately post‐transfer • Indicated if signs of low progesterone in subsequent examinations • Antibiotics • May be indicated until first examination post‐transfer • Examinations • Day 11 post‐OV (donor) • Day 15 • Day 20 • Day 25 • Day 35
- 11. Donor mare management post‐flush • Prostaglandin after flush • Re‐examine mare the day after flush • If fluid present • Uterine lavage • Re‐examine few days later • If fluid still present • Endometritis??
- 13. Why low dose insemination? • Drastically reduce the insemination dose • Sex sorted semen • Improve fertility of frozen semen • Improve fertility of subfertile stallions
- 14. Comparison of low dose insemination Hysteroscopic‐guided Dose • 0.001 – 10 x 106 PMS Volume • 20 – 500 μL Pregnancy rates • 10 to 75% Cost $$$$ Ultrasound‐guided Dose • 5 ‐ 25 x 106 PMS Volume • 200 ‐ 1000 μL Pregnancy rates • 0 to 50% Cost $ Morris LHA, Allen WR. An overview of low dose insemination in the mare. Reprod Dom Anim, 2002;37:206‐210.
- 15. Other assisted reproductive techniques (ART’s) • Oocyte transfer • Infertile mares after breeding and/or embryo transfer • Damage to oviducts and endometrium • Ovulatory failure • Oocyte from donor mare recovered • Transvaginal ultrasound guided aspiration www.weatherfordequine.com
- 16. Other ART’s • Oocyte transfer • Oocyte transfer into recipient mare • Recipient mare inseminated before transfer • Pregnancy rates • Old mares: 30 – 40% • Young mares: 50 – 80% (Carnevale et al., 2004) • Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) • Same as oocyte transfer • Small number of sperm inseminated into oviduct • Pregnancy rate: 27 – 82% (Carnevale et al., 2004)
- 17. Other ART’s • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) • Production of multiple embryos from a mare • Salvage of mares genetic in case of sudden death • Sub‐fertile and infertile stallions Pre‐ovulatory or immature oocyte In vitro maturation
- 18. Other ART’s • ICSI • Injection with one sperm • Culture for 7 – 8 days • Embryo transfer into recipient mare • Embryos per collection: 0.4 – 1.3 • Pregnancy: 60 – 65%