Evolution of Org. Change and Org. Developement Transactional Analysis In Depth Structural Analysis Games Life Positions Ego States

1. Organizational Development(OD)
Techniques – Transactional
Analysis(TA)
Presented by,
Mohammed Ruzal
MBA-PT(2017-2020)

2. Agenda
▪ Intro - Organizational Change (OC) and OD
▪ OD and TA
▪ TA
▪ References
▪ Questions
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3. Need for OC and OD – Organizational Need
Hierarchy
3
Organizational
Effectiveness
Business Image
Reputation
Security
Market Survival

4. Organizational Change (OC)
▪ Reviewing & modifying management structures and
business processes.
▪ Also known as reorganization, restructuring and
turnaround.
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5. External
• Competition
• Tech.
Advancements
• Globalization
• Govt Policies
• Workforce
Diversity
Internal
• Leadership
Changes
• Changes in
Expectations
• HR
• Managerial
decisions
OC - Change Agents
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6. OC – Process – Lewin’s 3 Step Change Model
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Status-
Quo
Desired Level
Time
Restraining
Forces
Driving
1. Unfreezing
3. Refreezing

7. OC – Process – Kotter’s 8 Step Plan
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1.Initi
ation
Motiv
ation
Diagno
sis
Info.
Com
mn.
Deliber
ation
Action
Propos
al
Imple
mentat
ion
8.
Sta
bili
zati
on
~Unfreezing ~Movement ~Refreezing

8. Organizational Development (OD)
▪ Planned Effort initiated by process specialist(s) to
help an organization to develop its diagnostic skills,
coping capabilities, linkage strategies and a culture
of mutuality.
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9. OD – Core Values
1. Respect for People
2. Trust and Mutual Support
3. Power Equalization
4. Confrontation
5. Participation
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10. OD – Phases
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11. 11
1. Commitment from Top
2. Strong Link-pins
3. Willingness and Resources
4. Involvement of External Consultant
5. Strong Internal Resources
6. Open and Consistent Communication
OD – Conditions for Success

12. 12
Significance of Communication in OD
1. Evaluation of change in org. effectiveness
2. Reduced lead time in recognizing performance issues
3. Early detection of Innovative Changes
4. External Consultant effectiveness
5. Easy sharing of strategies, alternate solutions etc.
6. Team Building

13. 13
Transactional Analysis - TA
• Social Psychology Theory developed by Dr. Eric
Berne
• Psycho-Analytic process where inter-personal
behaviors are studied.
• Transaction – Unit of Social associations – Consist of
Transactional Stimulus (TS) from Agent and
Transactional Response (TR) by Respondent.

14. TA Theory Overview – 1/3
▪ How people are structured psychologically
▪ People can change and right to be accepted
▪ Mapped Interpersonal Interactions to 3 Ego States
▪ Transactions - Interpersonal interactions in current state
▪ Games – Repeated transaction patterns
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15. TA Theory Overview – 2/3
▪ Transactional Stimulus(TS) – When 2 or more persons
transacts one will Initiate Transaction(Agent) and other
will Acknowledges(Respondent)
▪ Transactional Response(TR) – Response from Respondent
towards Stimulus from Agent.
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TS TR

16. TA Theory Overview - Components – 3/3
▪ Structural Analysis – Structure of Personality in terms of 3
Ego states
▪ Interaction Analysis – Dynamics of Interpersonal
Transactions using Ego states
▪ Life Position Analysis – Four Positions Individuals adopt in
their transactions
▪ Games Analysis – Ulterior Transactions leading to Pay off
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17. Structural Analysis - Ego States / PAC Model
▪ Consistent pattern of feeling & experience directly related
to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour
▪ 3 Ego States
– Parent
– Adult
– Child
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18. Parent - Ego States
▪ Copied from Parents or Significant others
▪ Mix of Nurturing Parent and Controlling/Critical Parent
▪ Examples :
– Never talk to strangers (Fault finding, Criticize, Punishing)
– He is very smart and humble (Loving, Nurturing, Sympathetic)
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19. Adult - Ego States
▪ Direct Response – Spontaneous and Aware
▪ Objective appraisal of Reality. No values and emotions
▪ Examples :
– I should really keep out of that hot stove as my brother got burnt
when went near it.
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20. Child - Ego States
▪ Copied from own childhood or others childhood
▪ Natural Child – Adopted from own-Fun loving,
spontaneous
▪ Adapted Child – From others
– Flexible, seeks authority
▪ Rebellious Child
– Manipulative, self centered & demanding
▪ Examples :
– The monster I saw was pretty scary.
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21. Ego States - Overview
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22. Interaction Analysis
▪ Process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states
▪ 3 Types of Transactions
– Complementary/ Straight – TR from same ego state of Respondent as intended
by Agent
– Cross – TR from different ego state compared to Agent intended
– Covert/ Ulterior – TR is from an ulterior ego state of Respondent, but as
intended by Agent
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23. Complementary Transactions
▪ Transactional Vectors are parallel – TR from Intended state
▪ Puzzle: Identify Transactional Vectors in given Boss-
Employee scenario
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24. Crossed Transactions
▪ Transactional Vectors are Crossed – TR from Unintended
state
▪ Communication Disrupts and stops
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25. Covert Transactions
▪ Complex messages – Two Target Ego States
▪ Overt TS (Open and Expressed) containing a Covert
Message
▪ Overt message is Social while Covert Message is
Psychological (judged using Body Language of Agent)
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26. Covert Transaction – Sample – 1/3
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1. Boss : What’s the date
today?
•Overt – Social and Open
enquiry
•A toA

27. Covert Transaction – Sample – 2/3
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2. Boss :You missed report
dead line!!!
•Covert– Psychological and
conveyed using Body language
•Intended to Remind
•P to C

28. Covert Transaction – Sample – 3/3
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3. Employee : Sir, will send
tomorrow itself
•Overt – Open and against
IntendedTS
•C to P

29. Life Position Analysis
▪ Deeply ingrained Convictions about self worth and worth of
others
▪ Understanding style of working
▪ 4 Categories of Life Positions
– I’m Ok, you’re Ok – Healthy Position
– I’m Ok, you’re not Ok – Paranoid Position
– I’m not Ok, you’re Ok – Depressive Position
– I’m not Ok, you’re not Ok – Futility Position
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30. Life Position Quadrant
I am Not OK I am OK
`You’re
Not OK Avoidant – Futility Life Position Bossy – Paranoid Position
`You’re
OK Diffident – Depressive Position Competent – Healthy Position
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31. Games Analysis
▪ Socially Dysfunctional Behavioral Patterns – Recurring Series
of Covert Transactions
▪ Structure: Beginning > Middle > End > Pay off
▪ 6 Phases:
C + G = R > S > X > P
Con Gimmick Response Switch Cross Up
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32. Games Analysis
▪ Agent starts game by issuing a Con – Covert Invite to Respondent to join in
playing game
▪ Agent will reveal his/her Gimmick – Weakness or Need which emphasize
Con and make Respondent join the game
▪ Response against Con supported with Gimmick
▪ Following a series of Transactions Agent suddenly makes a Switch – Shift of
views
▪ Cross Up - Confusion following Switch
▪ Pay Off Collection
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33. Games Eg: - YDYB – Why Don’t You, Yes But
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34. References
1. Organisational Behaviour – Stephen Robbins
2. Understanding Org. Behavior – Udai Pareek
3. OD: The Role of Commn. in Diagnosis, Change And Evaluation
by Tony Hain and Stewart L. Tubbs
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35. Questions
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