On Concurrency and Parallelism in the JVMverse

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Russel Winder is an expert presenter on concurrency and parallelism who has spoken at previous JAX London conferences. The document discusses the history of concurrency from single-CPU single-program computing to modern multi-CPU multi-task systems. It also covers the evolution of Java features from early threads and locks to more modern approaches like lambda expressions, streams, and CompletableFuture that abstract away concurrency details. The presentation examines different parallel computing approaches like pipelines, actors, and data parallelism.

Software

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 1
On Concurrency and Parallelism
in the JVMVerse
Russel Winder
@russel_winder
russel@winder.org.uk
https://www.russel.org.uk

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 3
Me at Previous JAXLondons
● 2011
”Just Keep Passing the
Messages”
● 2012
”it’S All About Processes
Communicating”
Also many sessions at other conferences

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 4
Concurrency
●
dictionary.com – concurrence
– the act of concurring.
– accordance in opinion; agreement:
With the concurrence of several
specialists, our doctor
recommended surgery.
– cooperation, as of agents or
causes; combined action or effort.
● Wikipedia – concurrency
– In computer science,
concurrency refers to the ability
of different parts or units of a
program, algorithm, or problem to
be executed out-of-order or in
partial order, without affecting
the final outcome.

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 5
Parallelism
● dictionary.com – parallelism
– the position or relation of
parallels.
– agreement in direction, tendency,
or character; the state or
condition of being parallel.
– a parallel or comparison.
● Wikipedia – parallelism
– Parallel computing is a type
of computation in which
many calculations or the
execution of processes are
carried out simultaneously.

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 6
Original computing:
single CPU, single program

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 7
Multitasking: single CPU, many programs

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 8
Five programs, one CPU

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 9
OS manages all the programs in one memory,
eventually get virtual memory, in the mean time locks,
semaphores, monitors, mutexes, and the theory of
concurrency get invented.

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 10
Five programs, one CPU

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 11
Five programs, four CPUs

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 12
Moving from operating systems
to applications

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 13
One program, one task, one CPU

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 14
One program, four tasks, one CPU

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 15
One program, four tasks, four CPUs

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 16
One program, four tasks, four CPUs

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 17
Locks, mutexes, sempahores, monitors
are the enemy of parallelism

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 18
What is the problem…

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 19
Shared Memory

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 20
A Bit of Java History
● 1995 — Java introduces threads, multithreading, monitors,
synchronized, locks, etc.
● 1996 — People predict lots of tears and grief.
● 2002 —Doug Lea gets JSR166 moving.
● 2011 — Fork/Join framework in Java 7.

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 21
A Bit More Java History
● 2014 — Java 8 introduces:
– Lambda Expressions,
– Streams, and
– CompletableFuture.

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 22
Abstract code away from the details of
managing concurrency and parallelism.

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 24
Pipeline

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 25
Dataflow

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 26
Actors

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 27
Distributed System

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 28
Microservices

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 29
Independent processes/tasks/programs
communicating by message passing

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 30
Data Parallel

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 31
Event Processing

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 32
One program, four tasks

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 33
Have we seen the code yet?

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 34
Summary
● Gpars (Groovy)
● Quasar
● Kotlin Coroutines
Can Java catch up (again).

Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 35
On Concurrency and Parallelism
in the JVMVerse
Russel Winder
@russel_winder
russel@winder.org.uk
https://www.russel.org.uk

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On Concurrency and Parallelism in the JVMverse

2. Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 2 The Presenter ● Ex theoretical physicist ● Ex UNIX systems programmer ● Ex academic: – Parallel programming – Software development and programming – HCI, UI, UX ● Ex Company director ● Ex Independent consultant ● Ex analyst ● Ex author ● Ex expert witness ● Ex trainer Russel Winder

4. Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 4 Concurrency ● dictionary.com – concurrence – the act of concurring. – accordance in opinion; agreement: With the concurrence of several specialists, our doctor recommended surgery. – cooperation, as of agents or causes; combined action or effort. ● Wikipedia – concurrency – In computer science, concurrency refers to the ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the final outcome.

5. Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 5 Parallelism ● dictionary.com – parallelism – the position or relation of parallels. – agreement in direction, tendency, or character; the state or condition of being parallel. – a parallel or comparison. ● Wikipedia – parallelism – Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or the execution of processes are carried out simultaneously.

9. Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 9 OS manages all the programs in one memory, eventually get virtual memory, in the mean time locks, semaphores, monitors, mutexes, and the theory of concurrency get invented.

20. Copyright © 2018 Russel Winder 20 A Bit of Java History ● 1995 — Java introduces threads, multithreading, monitors, synchronized, locks, etc. ● 1996 — People predict lots of tears and grief. ● 2002 —Doug Lea gets JSR166 moving. ● 2011 — Fork/Join framework in Java 7.

On Concurrency and Parallelism in the JVMverse

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