Keracunan bahan logam metaloid pada industrialisasi

K4 Oleh : Naniek Ratni JAR Materi Kuliah K4

PERBEDAAN K3 & KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Materi Kuliah K4 NO K3 NO KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT 1. Tujuan : Masyarakat Tenaga Kerja 1. Tujuan : Masyarakat Umum 2. Yang diurusi golongan karyawan 2. Yang diurusi golongan masyarakat 3. Ditandai sangat efektifnya pemeriksaan sebelum dan periodik 3. Sulit untuk pemeriksaan medik 4. Yang dihadapi adalah lingkungan kerja 4. Lingkungan umum 5. Terutama bertujuan peningkatan produktivitas 5. Kesehatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat 6. Dibiayai oleh perusahaan 6. Oleh anggaran pemerintah 7. Perkembangannya pesat setelah revolusi industri 7. Perkembangan cepat setelah kemajuan ilmu di bidang jazad renik 8. Per UU dalam lingkup ketenagakerjaan 8. Per UU  dalam lingkungan kesehatan

PER-UU YANG MENGATUR KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 UU No. 14 1969 Ketentuan-ketentuan pokok Mengenai tenaga kerja DEPNAKER DEPKES PERUSAHAAN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 UU-Kerja th. 1948 Berlaku 1951 sekarang didukung PP No. 1 th. 1951 ,[object Object],[object Object],Mengatur ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Pembinaan norma-norma Keselamatan kerja

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

GANGGUAN PADA KESEHATAN DAN DAYA KERJA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Penyamak kulit

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Suatu bahan Perlu adanya Pengetahuan Tentang Kadar Zat Kimia Tertentu Terutama Di Udara KADAR ZAT PEKE R JA EFEK FAAL TUBUH

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 NAB FE KTD UNTUK PENDEK 0 – 1 3 3 1 – 10 2 2 – 20 10 – 100 1,5 15 – 150 100 – 1.000 1,25 1,25 C C

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 2 at NAB FE KTD Nitrobenzena 1 3 3 Karbontetra Klorida 10 2 20 Karbon Monoksida 50 1,50 75 Aceton 1.000 1,25 1.250 Brontofluorida C1 - 1 Butil amina C5 - 5 Styrene Monomer C100 - 100

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Jenis kelamin Berat badan (Kg) Kalori (=1000 kalori) Laki-laki 60 55 50 3000 2900 2600 Wanita 50 45 40 2050 2000 1800 Umur (tahun) Persent (%) 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 Lebih 70 100,0 97,0 94,0 86,5 79,0 69,0

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Kelamin Usia Berat badan Kalori (kilo kalori) Putih telur (g) Kalsium (mg) Besi (mg) Vit A sebagai karoten (mokro gram) Triamin (mg) Ribo flavin Niasin (mg) Vit. C (mg) Laki-laki 20 – 39 40 – 59 60 ke atas 55 55 55 2.600 2.400 2.400 65 65 65 0,5 0,5 0,5 10 10 10 4.000 4.000 4.000 1,0 1,0 0,8 1,4 1,3 1,1 17 16 13 60 60 60 Wanita 20 – 39 40 – 59 60 ke atas 47 47 47 2.000 1.900 1.600 55 55 55 0,5 0,5 0,5 12 12 12 4.000 4.000 4.000 0,8 0,8 0,6 1,1 1,0 0,9 13 13 9 60 60 60 Hamil +100 +10 +0,5 +5 +500 +0,2 +0,2 +2 +30 Menyu sui +800 +25 +0,5 +5 +2.500 +0,4 +0,4 +5 +30

[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Jenis Kegiatan Kalori perjam Untuk orang dengan berat badan 70 kg Per kg berat badan Tidur 65 0,95 Bangun sambil tiduran tenang 77 1,10 Duduk istirahat 100 1,43 Membaca keras 105 1,50 Berdiri dalam keadaan tenang 105 1,50 Menjahit dengan tangan 111 1,59 Berdiri dengan suatu perhatian 115 1,63 Menyulam (kecepatan 23 sulaman per menit atas sweater) 116 1,66 Memakai dan membuka pakaian 118 1,69 Menyanyi 122 1,74 Menjahit dengan mesin 135 1,93 Mengetik cepat 140 2,00 Menyetrika (berat setrika 2 ½ kg) 144 2,06 Cuci piring (piring, cangkir, dan lain-lain) 144 2,06 Menyapu lantai terbuka (38 x permenit) 169 2,41 Menjilid buku 170 2,43 Latihan enteng 170 2,43 Membuat sepatu 180 2,57 Jalan perlahan (3,9 km per jam) 200 2,86 Pekerjaan kayu, logam dan pengecatan dalam industri 240 3,43 Latihan aktif 290 4,14 Jalan agak cepat (5,6 km per jam) 300 4,28 Jalan turun tangga 364 5,20 Pekerjaan tukang batu 400 5,71 Latihan berat 450 6,43 Menggergaji kayu 480 6,86 Berenang 500 7,14 Lari (8 km per jam) 570 8,14 Latihan sangat berat 600 8,57 Berjalan sangat cepat (8 km per jam) 650 9,28 Jalan naik tangga 1100 15,80

[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Berat Badan (kg) Tingkat 0 (dikurangi) Tingkat I (orang standard) Tingkat II Tingkat III 41 – 50 51 – 60 61 – 70 71 – 80 – 530 – 610 – 690 – 760 0 0 0 0 + 360 + 390 + 400 + 410 + 810 + 870 + 900 + 930 Aktivitas Hanya pemeliharaan tubuh (istirahat tetapi bukan basal) Pekerjaan administrasi, rumah, pengemudi, mengetik Tukang-tukang, petani yang mempunyai keahlian Pekerjaan buruh kasar

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 SUMBER PROSES PEKERJA Isolasi Substitusi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Yang terkena ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 KECELAKAAN SEBAB PENCEGAHAN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ACCIDENT PRONENESS (Kecenderungan untuk celaka) SURVEY CELAKA 85% kecelakaan karena faktor manusia “ KERUGIAN” - BIAYA KECELAKAAN (BEBAN NEGARA & RAKYAT) BIAYA LANGSUNG BIAYA TAK LANGSUNG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 KECELAKAAN BIAYA DICEGAH ASAL ADA KEMAUAN SEBAB-SEBAB KECELAKAAN ANALISA KECELAKAAN HARUS BENAR CARA ANALISANYA

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Intensitas Frekuensi

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Intensitas (dB) Waktu Kerja (Jam) 80 (90 ….?) 8 92 6 95 4 97 3 100 2 105 1 110 0,5 115 0,25

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Yang masuk Dalam tubuh Pekerja Pb Anorganik Organik - Sifat Kronis - Akut ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Asal : Pabrik Accu, Percetakan cat, vulkanisir, Glazzur menyolder, pembuatan kawat Listrik, mainan-mainan anak, aliage logam Pembuat TEL, pencampuran Tel dengan Gasolin, tangki Penyimpan TEL

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 lembab Dipakai dalam sintesa bahan organik penyebab Tubuh Dlm Asam

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 MANAGE KELOLA MANUSIA KERJA KERJA SEHAT & SELAMAT SAFETY

Materi Kuliah K4 HOSPES A G E N T Tuan Rumah ENVIRONMENT Lingkungan S A K I T A E H Atau A E H Penyebab

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Faktor Genetik (keturunan) Status Kesehatan (Health Status) Perilaku Sistem Pelaksanaan kesehatan Lingkungan

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA YANG NYAMAN Sifatnya Teknis JENIS PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA 3. INFEKSI 4. FISIOLOGIS 5. MENTAL PSIKOLOGIS 2. KIMIA 1. FISIK

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Suasana dB Batas dengan maksimal Menulikan 120 110 100 Halilintar Meriam Mesin Uap Sangat hiruk 90 Perusahaan sangat gaduh Pluit Polisi 80 Kuat 70 Kantor gaduh Atau pada umumnya Radio Perusahaan 60 Sedang 50 Rumah gaduh Kantor umumnya Percakapan kuat Radio perlahan 40 Tenang 30 Rumah tenang Kantor perorangan Auditorium Percakapan 20 Sangat teng 10 Suara daun-daun berbisik 0

Materi Kuliah K4 PENGUKUR KEBISINGAN Sound Level Meter ,[object Object],[object Object],PENGENDALIAN KEBISINGAN Sumb e r Medium Penerima PENANGGULANGAN KEBISINGAN Diredam (dikurangi) Dihalangi Proteksi

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Nadi / menit Mulai kerja Berhenti kerja istirahat

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Mengukur Jml O 2

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Zat BM Bj (g/ml) NAB Po pada 25oC mmHg Fraksi mol dlm campuran 50-50% Friklor etilen 131,4 1,46 100 73 0,527 Metil kloroform 133,42 1,33 350 125 0,473

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 Bronchioli Alveoli yang dilindungi Kapiler darah tenggorok Bronchus

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Materi Kuliah K4 A. Ringan B. Sedang C. Berat - Batuk kering - Sesak napas - Gangguan pada suara, kerja & klinis paru (bila di rongten tidak terlihat) - Perubahan suara - Mempengaruhi kerja - Paru-paru cacat (bintik-bintik) - Gagal paru- paru (paru-paru kanan tak ber fungsi dengan baik) - Kematian

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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