sociology

1. CRIME AND SOCIAL
CONTROL
PRESENTED TO :
MAM’A SAJEELA
PRESENTED BY :
HIRA FATIMA 28157
RIDA NAZ 28735

2. DEFINITION
TYPES
 CAUSES
IMPACT ON SOCIETY
RELIGION AND CRIME
CRIME STATISTICS
SANCTION
SOCIAL CONTROL
OUTLINE OF OUR
PRESENTATION :

3. DEFINITION
a crime is an unlawful act punishable by
a state or other authority.
a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful
not only to some individual but also to a community,
society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are
forbidden and punishable by law
• A normative definition views crime as deviant
behavior that violates prevailing norms –
cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to
behave normally.

4. TYPES OF CRIME

5. VIOLENT CRIME :
“ Crime in which uses or threatens to use
force up in a victim”
This crime May or may not be
committed with a weapon. They vary from
homicide to harassment.
These include aircraft hijack, bank
robbery , gangster kidnappers, torture ,
rapists , terrorists etc.


6. PROPERTY CRIME :
 Property crime is a category of crime that
includes, among other crimes,
Burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft,
arson, shoplifting, and vandalism
 Property crime is a crime to obtain
money, property, or some other benefit.
 This may involve force, or the threat of force,
in cases like robbery or extortion.

7. WHITE COLLAR
CRIME
White collar crimes are criminal acts that
are performed by people in the course of
business committed for financial gain. These
types of crimes can cost citizens millions of
dollars!
Frauds typically committed are:
Bribery
Extortion
Fraud
Embezzlement
Cybercrime
Government can prosecute both the
individual committing the crime and the
corporation for which he works.

8. ORGANIZED
CRIME
 Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or
local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run
by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most
commonly for profit.
Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are
politically motivated. Sometimes criminal organizations force
people to do business with them, such as when a gang extorts
money from shopkeepers for "protection".
 A criminal organization or gang can also be referred to as
a mafia, mob, ring, or syndicate; the network, subculture and
community of criminals may be referred to as
the underworld.

9. HATE CRIME :
 Hate crime (also known as a bias-
motivated crime or bias crime is
a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs
when a perpetrator targets a victim because
of their membership (or perceived
membership) in a certain social
group or race.
Examples of such groups can include, and
are almost exclusively limited
to: ethnicity, disability, language, nationality,
physical appearance, religion, gender
identity or sexual orientation

10. CAUSES :
Victims of unfair or incorrect rulings from court
often cause people to enter a life of crime .
 Drugs
Depression and other social and mental disorders
Family conditions are one of the causes of crime
Regionalism
TV violence
Racism
Politics
Poverty
Over Population
Illiteracy

11. Impacts on society
:
Encourages people to take expensive security
measures (e.g. alarms, cctv, taking taxis and
cars rather than public transport)
Discourages socializing – fear of ‘going out’
Fear of using public spaces
Not moving to / going into certain areas
“crime black spots”.
Financial burden on society.

12. RELIGION AND CRIME
 Different religious traditions may promote distinct norms of behavior,
and these in turn may clash or harmonies' with the perceived interests of a
state.
 Activities sometimes criminalized on religious grounds include (for
example) alcohol consumption (prohibition) in Islam.

13. CRIME
STATISTICS :

14. SANCTION :
Positive sanctions :
 Positive sanction: An action that rewards a
particular kind of behavior .
Examples include: a teacher giving good grades,
cheers from teammates
Negative sanctions :
• Negative sanction: A punishment or the threat of
punishment used to enforce conformity
. • Examples include: a parking ticket, ridicule

15. Formal sanctions:
 • Formal sanction: A reward or punishment given
by a formal organization or regulatory agency
 • Examples include: schools giving high or low
grades, a business giving a raise or firing a worker
Informal sanctions:
 • Informal sanction: A spontaneous
expression of approval or disapproval
given by an individual or group
• Examples include: standing ovations,
gossip

16. SOCIAL CONTROL :
When a person violates a social norm, what happens?
 A driver caught speeding can receive a speeding ticket.
A student who texts in class gets a warning from a professor.
 All societies practise social control, the regulation and enforcement of norms.
Social control can be defined broadly as an organized action intended to change
people’s behaviour (Innes 2003).
The underlying goal of social control is to maintain social order, an arrangement
of practices and behaviours on which society’s members base their daily lives.
 Think of social order as an employee handbook and social control as the
incentives and disincentives used to encourage or oblige employees to follow those
rules.
When a worker violates a workplace guideline, the manager steps in to enforce the
rules.

17. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENIING