1. Nursing is defined as an art and science of caring for the sick, injured, or aged. It requires both proficiency and a systematic approach to knowledge. 2. The duties of a home nurse include being a caregiver, patient advocate, teacher, counselor, coordinator of care, leader in health promotion, role model, and administrator of nursing services. 3. Key characteristics of a good home nurse are being sympathetic, patient, neat, good conversationalist, tactful, and able to recognize and deal with problems that require cooperation.

1. I. NURSING ARTS
 Fundamental of
Home Nursing

2. NURSING
 is defined as an art and science of
tending or taking care of the sick,
injured, or aged whether in hospital or in
the comforts of our own homes.
 is considered as an art because it
concerned with proficiency and dexterity.

3. “Nursing is considered as
science because it
requires the systematic
approach of knowledge”.

4.  The term nurse comes from the latin word
nutrix which means to nourish.
 Nursing is committed with the delivery health
care of society, to help people stay well, and
to help control the presence of surmounting
costs of health care because caring for sick
is important.

5.  Duties and Responsibilities of Home Nurse
1. Caregiver - He/she assumes responsibility for
providing necessary physical care for the patient.
2. Patient Advocate - He/she is the one who
interacts for a work in behalf of the patient.
3. Teachers - He/she provides information with the
patient which will help in the promotion of
healthful practices of daily living .

6. 4. Counselor - he/she help and serves to the
patient to become aware of their feelings and to
deal with them in very constructive manner.
5. Coordinator - He/she acts as coordinator of
the health care services that the patient receiaes
from different g health care practitioners.
6. Leader - he/she assumes leadership in
health promotions and disease prevention
programs.

7. 7. Role Model - he/she is considered as
somebody who is knowledgeable about health
and is looked upon as a role model in the
aspect of living.
8. Administrator - he/she make sure that
nursing services are organized, coordinated,
dispensed to meet the patient particular needs
for nursing care.

8.  Characteristics of Home Nurse
1. Is a sympathetic and understanding
which is best expressed by showing
compassion or understanding to the
sick or trouble person.
2. Is patient and reliable which is best
shown by careful administration of
health and care services.

9. 3. Is neat and tidy which is shown in
his/her own grooming and in the way
he/she take care of patient's personal
hygiene.
4. Is a good and pleasant
conversationalist and is able to put the
patient in comfortable atmosphere.

10. 5. Is tactful in the way he/she communicates
thing to people with concerned without putting
them into embarrassing or very uncomfortable
position.
6. Is able to recognize or deal with, promptly
and effectively, the difficulties or problem that
arise where cooperation of others is needed.

11.  Medicines
• At present, the study of drugs
has developed into a highly
exact science. The simple
plants have been analyzed
and their active components
have been identified.

12.  Four basic rules to remember in
the use of medicines.
1. Make sure that you are giving the right
medicine.
2. Check and give the right dosage or amount.
3. Give the medicine to the person whom it was
prescribed.
4. Follow religiously the time ordered by the
doctor.

13. Classifications of Medicines
• Medicines are classified into two: over-
the-counter-medicines that can be
bought in any supermarket or
pharmacy, and medicines obtainable
any prescription which can only be sold
under the supervision of a pharmacist.

14. • The medicines that can be
bought only on prescription
of a doctor are known as
controlled drugs.

15. Forms of Medicines
• Medicines come in different forms:
liquid (syrups & suspensions), tablets,
capsules, pills or powders. The manner
in which these drugs are administered
to the patient vary according to the type
of medicine prescribed.

16. Giving Tablets, Capsules or Pills
• You should always countercheck the
correctness of the medicine you are about to
give to your patient by reading the label of the
bottle, box or other packaging.
• Shake out the correct number of tablets into a
spoon and read the label once more.
• Give the tablet to the patient with a ready
glass of water.

17. • See to it that he/she swallows the tablet.
• If the tablet is very big and the patient
has a hard time swallowing it, the tablet
may be divided into smaller pieces with
a knife.
• Capsules and pills, however, can not be
divided into smaller pieces.

18. Giving Liquids
• Always check the medicine by reading
the label on the bottle.
• Place a finger over the screw top or
safety top and shake the bottle several
times.
• Remove the top and hold it with your
small finger

19. • Hold the bottle label uppermost, so that when you
pour, any drips will not wet and erase the
instructions.
• Hold the glass at eye level and accurately
measure the dose prescribed or ordered by the
doctor.
• Cover and read the label again.
• Give the dose to the patient and make sure that
he/she drinks it.

20. • Give a glass of water if he/she
desires.
• Wipe the bottle and check if it is
tightly covered.
• Store as instructed.

21. Giving Powders
• The powder or pellets can be given to the
patient with a jam or honey or stir it into a small
quantity of water, milk or ice cream and give it
to the patient at once.
• Capsules that can not be easily swallowed can
also be opened and the powder or pellets can
be removed.

22. Giving Suppositories and Enemas
• Suppositories and enemas are
inserted into the rectum and the
patients are asked to retain them
inside.
• It is absorbed slowly and the effect
stays for several hours.

26. Giving Inhalations
• These are added to steam and are taken in the
form of inhalation.
• The patient be provided with an aerosol
containing the pre- scribed drug, which he/she
can use when needed.
• These drugs relieve breathing in conditions
such as asthma and bronchitis.

27. Giving Injections
• Injections should only be given by
doctors, nurses and other trained
medical personnel.
• Subcutaneous injections are injected
just under the skin; intramuscular are
injected deep into the muscle and
intravenous are injected into a vein.

28. Giving Eye Drops
• Instructions specified by the attending physician
should always be followed strictly when giving eye
drops.
• If the drops are to be given to only one eye or to
both eyes, then do so as specified.
• There are eye drops prescribed to a specific eye
and they may cause serious damage to the extent
of becoming blind if mistakenly put into the other
eye.

29. Giving Ear Drops
• There are ear drops which require warming
before they are used.
• You can do this by allowing the container to stand
in a bowl of warm water for a few minutes.
• Put a towel or clean sheets over the shoulder of
the patient to protect his/her clothing.
• Wash your hands with soap and water.
• Ask the patient to lie down with the affected ear
positioned uppermost.

30. • If desired he/she may sit down with his/her
head slightly tilted so that the affected ear is
uppermost.
• Place the tip of the dropper just above the
ear Press the rubber slowly and allow the
drops to trickle down into the ear.
• Keep the patient in this position for a few
minutes.

31. Giving Nasal Drops
• If desired he/she may sit down with his/her
head slightly tilted so that the affected ear is
uppermost.
• Place the tip of the dropper just above the
ear Press the rubber slowly and allow the
drops to trickle down into the ear.
• Keep the patient in this position for a few
minutes.

32. • Do the same thing into the other
nostril.
• Ask the patient to sniff.
• If he/she is on his/her back, let
him/her stay in this position for a
few minutes.

33. Storing Medicines
• Accidents that are related to drugs happen in
our homes because of carelessness. To avoid
such accidents to happen, follow these rules:
1. separate internal drugs from external ones.
Store them separately in a safe place away
from the reach of children.
2. keep medicines in their original bottles or
boxes and keep the labels intact.

34. 3. avoid putting different tablets, capsules or
pills in the same container.
4. store medicines in a cool dry place or in the
refrigerator as directed.
5. avoid taking medicines that have passed
their expiration date.

35. Deterioration of Medicines
• Drugs deteriorate and this is the reason why
expiration dates are always included on the
labels. Keep in mind the following reminders:
1. never give medicines that have passed their
expiration dates.
2. never give medicines, liquid or solid, that have
changed in color.

36. 3. avoid giving liquid medicine that has been
originally clear but has become cloudy or has
developed a sediment that was not present before.
4. avoid giving medicines without labels or which
labels you can not read.
5. never give medicines when in doubt.

37. Disposing Off Medicines
• Always dispose of medicines that are no longer
needed by flushing them down in the toilet. If a
patient has died, dispose of drugs left.
• Do not keep them for "memorabilias."
• They pose a great danger to all the members of
the family.
• If disposable syringe has been used to ad-
minister injections on the patient, remove the
cover and snap off the nozzle.

38. • The syringe and the needle should be
wrapped with newspaper putting it in the
garbage can.
• This will prevent possible injuries
especially to the garbage collectors.
• This will also keep the drug addicts from
getting hold of these used syringe.

39. Giving Medicines to Children
• It is always a good practice, though quite
expensive, to consult a pediatrician when a
child in the family is sick.
• There are children who take their medicines
readily while others would not want to take
them voluntarily or without giving a good fight
especially if the medicine does not taste
good.

40. II. HOME NURSING
 Making the Patient’s Bed
There are different ways of
making a bed, but it would be
advantageous to remember certain
rules and apply them at all times.

41. 1. Strip the bed
neatly. Stripping a
bed is done with a
partner.

42. 2. Miter Corners.
Making mitered
corners is done by
picking up the edge
of the sheet about
18 inches from the
corner of the bed.

43. 3. Prepare enough bedclothes at the
top of the bed to cover the patient
when he/she lies down.
4. Make the bedclothes loose over
the feet of the patient to allow
enough room for movement.

44. 5. Make sure that you have the things you need
within easy reach when making a bed:
a. two sheets
b. an underblanket
c. two top blankets
d. a quilt for cold weather
e. as many pillows as the patients desires
f. two chairs placed back to back
g. a draw sheet (optional)

45.  Steps in Making a Bed
1. Have the bed linen ready-folded on the
chairs placed back to back at the bottom of
the bed.
2. Cover the mattress with the under blanket.
3. Tuck in the sheet along the head, then at
the foot of the bed.

46. 4. Place the pillows on the bed.
5. Tuck in the sheet at the foot of the
bed.
6. Make the bedclothes at the bottom
end of the bed loose and turn the
excess sheet on the pillows down
over the blanket and coverlet.

47. Drawsheet
 Is a rectangular piece of material
about one yard wide and two yards
long. This sheet can be folded
lengthwise and is placed on top of
the bottom sheet under the patient’s
buttocks.

48. How to change the Drawsheet
1. To change the drawsheet, roll the
clean and fresh drawsheet crosswise.
2. Put this rolled up drawsheet very
close to the patient’s back.
3. Tuck in the clean drawsheet and
unroll it until it meets the soiled one.

49. 4. Move the patiently slowly over
both drawsheets before removing
the soiled sheet.
5. Tuck in the clean drawsheet.

50. How to Change the Fitted sheet
1. After the rolled sheet has been properly placed,
put the top corner over the mattress, then pull
the sheet toward the bottom corner and
smoothen.
2. Carefully roll the patient over the clean and the
soiled sheet. Remove the soiled sheet by pulling
it gently. Then pull the sheet diagonally towards
the top and smoothen over the corner.

51. 3. Pull the sheet diagonally towards
the bot- tom. Bend up the mattress
and smoothen the last corner. Tuck
in.

52. Body Temperature
• According to medical experts, a fever, in
general, is a good sign because it is an
indication that the body is fighting back
against infection
• There are three ways to confirm a general
impression of the condition of the patient-
the body temperature, the pulse and
respiratory rate.

53. Taking the Body Temperature
• There are three ways by which the patient's
temperature is obtained;
1. In the mouth. This is the most common
method of taking temperature and which is
suitable for most patients.
2. In the rectum. According to experts, this is the
best method to use for babies and
unconscious patients of any age.

54. 3. In the armpit. Shake the mercury down
into the bulb. Wipe the armpit dry and place
the thermometer bulb under the deepest
part of the armpit. After two minutes.
Remove, read and record your reading.

55. Taking the Pulse Rate
• In babies, the normal pulse rate goes up to 140
beats a minute. A raise in pulse rate could be
caused by many factors like emotions, exercise,
infection, shock, hemorrhage and heart diseases.
• In taking a pulse rate, you use your finger tips and
not your thumb.
• The easiest and most convenient place to feel the
pulse is at the wrist, just above the crease on the
thumb side.

56. Taking the Respiratory Rate
• Each respiration consists of breathing
in and breathing out such that one
respiration is equivalent to one
complete rise and fall of the chest.
• The normal adult breathes 16 to 18
times a minute.

57. Dealing with Body Temperatures
• Man's body temperature remains constant in
spite of the wide variation in environmental
temperatures. It ranges from 97.6 to 99.6
degrees F.
• The body reacts in three ways:
1. Inflammation. This occurs when only parts of
the body are involved in overcoming an infection.

58. 2. Fever or Pyrexia. This occurs when the whole
body is involved in overcoming an infection the
temperature rises to above 99.6 degrees F.
3. Hypotherma. This occurs when extreme cold
causes the body to lose more heat than it can
produce where body temperature falls as low as
89 degrees F.

59. Fever
• is generally treated with a good bed rest in a
room with a constant temperature, good
patient. ventilation and plenty of fluids.
• A very high fever that causes confusion and
delirium is very alarming and should be
referred to a doctor at once.
• High fever can lead to convulsions or fit which
are more likely to occur in children

60. Dealing with High Temperatures
• There are several ways of dealing with a high
fever or high temperature with the purpose of
making the patient cooler and comfortable and
prevent possible serious damage:
- a wash or bed bath with a change of night and
bed linen, removing some blankets and giving
the patient a blanket support under his/her
coverings so that the air can circulate at his/her
back.

61. Applying Cold Compress
1. On a small tray, put a bowl containing water
and ice cubes. Fold a strip of cloth in patient
three. Soak it in a bowl of iced water.
2. Wring the cloth out by the ends of the strip to
avoid warming out the center.
3. Place the cloth to the patient's forehead and
leave a second piece soaking in the bowl.
Renew as necessary.

62. Applying Hot Compress
• There are times when instead of
cold com- press, hot water bottle or
a water proof heating pad is heating
is needed to provide warmth to the
patient.

63. Filling a Hot-Water Bottle
1. Lay a hot-water bottle on a flat surface
and fill it with water about two thirds full.
2. Release the air by pressing the surface
be- fore screwing in the stopper.
3. Invert the bottle and check for leakage.

64. The Newborn Baby
• The heat-regulating mechanism in
the brain of a newborn baby is far
from fully developed and is not yet
working efficiently.

65. Washing and Bathing the Patient
• The patient who has a fever sweats
excessively. As a result, he/she becomes hot,
sticky and uncomfortable. This happens
because the sweat glands in the skin becomes
very active during illness. Part of the
responsibilities of the home nurse is to help the
patient keep his/her body clean.

66. Bathing in the Bathroom
• The bathroom should be kept warm.
Keep all windows closed. Have all
the things you need within easy
reach such as soap, wash clothes,
towels, talcum powder and clean
clothes as needed.

67. Bathing in Bed
• The bedroom should be kept warm and
windows should be closed. You will need the
following:
- A bowl of hot water - a deodorant
- Soap - clean, fresh clothes
- Two towels - a brush and comb
- A facecloth
- Talcum powder

68. 1. Spread a big towel under the person. This will
protect the bed as you wash the patient.
2. Undress the patient and cover him/her with a
big towel from neck to toe.
3. Wash, rinse and dry the face first, then the
ears and neck. The patient might not want
soap on his/her face so ask the patient first.
4. Wash, rinse and dry one arm, then the other.

69. 5. As you wash each part of the body, fold the big
towel down. Make sure he/she is well covered as
you wash except the part you are washing.
6. Wash, rinse and dry the chest, abdomen then
each leg in turn.
7. If the patient is able to do it, let him/her wash
his/her groins and genitals. If he can not, do it for
him/her.

70. 8. Turn him/her on his side and wash,
rinse and dry the neck.
9. Smooth talcum powder on the neck,
armpits and groins if desired.
10. Massage the pressure areas with
lanolin, to have a better skin blood
circulation

71. Washing Hair
• Help the patient to lie with face downward with
his head over the bed. You can wash his/her hair
in this position or you can follow these steps:
1. Support the patient's shoulder with a pillow high
enough for a basin of warm water to be placed
below the head.
2. Have the shoulders and chest well covered with
a big towel.

72. 3. Wet the hair, apply shampoo and
wash. Use a cup to scoop water to
rinse the hair. Change the water.
4. Dry the hair thoroughly using the
towel.

73. Giving a Bedpan
• Helping the patient with his/her elimination
routine is a difficult and embarrassing
service a patient has to go through. A good
home nurse makes sure that the patient
does not sense any hesitance on your part.
The best that you can do for a patient is to
maintain his/her dignity at all times, and to
provide privacy whenever it is possible.

74. Giving a Urinal
• Cover the urinal with a paper towel.
• Hand it to the patient.
• If he cannot do it on his/her own, position it yourself.
When he/she is done, bring it to the lavatory, empty and
rinse it.
• Men have a great difficulty urinating while they are
lying down.
• If they can manage, and it is allowed, they can stand by
the bedside.
• If there is no urinal, a wide-mouthed jar can be used.

75. QUIZ TIME!!!

76. Identification
Direction: Read the sentences carefully. Identify the
appropriate word and write it in your paper.
1. It is define as an art and science of tending or taking
care of the sick, injured or aged whether in hospitals or
in the comforts of our own homes.
2. He/she helps those he/she serves to become aware of
their feelings and to deal with them in a very
constructive manner.
3. Responsible for providing necessary physical care for
the patient.

77. 4. This medicine can be bought in any
supermarket or pharmacy.
5. Are inserted into the rectum and the patients
are asked to retain them inside.
TRUE or FLASE
1. In babies, the normal pulse rate goes up to
500 beats a time.

78. 2. Fever is generally treated with a good bed
rest in a room with a constant temperature.
3. Bathing in bed, the bedroom should be kept
warm and windows should be closed.
4. Fever or Pyrexia is occurs when only parts
of the body are involved in overcoming an
infection.
.

79. 5. For taking the body temperature
there are six ways by which the
patient’s temperature is obtained.