2. INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
• Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of
soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for
sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the
benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and
biological components in an integrated manner.
3.
4.
5. Why Needed In INM
1.Nutrient requirement of cropping system as a whole.
2.Soil fertility status and special management needs to overcome
soil problems, if any
3.Local availability of nutrients resources (organic, inorganic and
biological sources)
4.Economic conditions of farmers and profitability of proposed
INM option.
5.Social acceptability.
6.Ecological considerations.
7.Impact on the environment
6. Goals of INM
1.Regulated nutrient supply for optimum crop growth and higher
productivity.
2.Improvement and maintenance of soil fertility.
3.Zero adverse impact on agro – ecosystem quality by balanced
fertilization of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and bio-
inoculant
7. Importance of INM
1.Enhances the availability of applied as well as native soil nutrients
2.Synchronizes the nutrient demand of the crop with nutrient supply
from native and applied sources.
3.Provides balanced nutrition to crops and minimizes the antagonistic
effects resulting from hidden deficiencies and nutrient imbalance.
4.Improves and sustains the physical, chemical and biological
functioning of soil.
5.Minimizes the deterioration of soil, water and ecosystem by
promoting carbon sequestration, reducing nutrient losses to ground
and surface water bodies and to atmosphere
8. Components:
• Soil Source:
• Mobilizing unavailable nutrients and to use appropriate crop varieties,
cultural practices and cropping system.
• Mineral Fertilizer :
• Super granules, coated urea, direct use of locally available rock PO4 in
acid soils, Single Super Phosphate (SSP), MOP and micronutrient
fertilizers.
• Organic Sources :
• By products of farming and allied industries. FYM, droppings, crop waste,
residues, sewage, sludge, industrial waste.
• Biological Sources :
• Microbial inoculants substitute 15 - 40 Kg N/ha
10. Preparation of the field
Plough two-three times with country or mould board plough.
Application of Organic Manures
Spread 12.5 t/ha of FYM or compost evenly on the main field
before last ploughing and incorporate in to soil by working a country
plough. Apply 30 kg sulphur/ ha through gypsum at the time of last
ploughing for higher castor yield.
NOTE: Do not leave FYM or compost exposed to sunlight as nutrients
will be lost.
SEED RATE
Adopt a seed rate of 10 kg/ha for varieties and 5 kg/ha for hybrid.
SPACING
Adopt the following spacing.
Rainfed situation Irrigated situation
Varieties 90 cm x 60 cm 90 cm x 90 cm
Hybrids 120 cm x 90 cm 150 cm x 120 cm
11. PRE TREATMENT OF SEEDS
• Treat the seeds with Carbendazim @ 2 g/kg of seed.
• Soak the seeds in water for 20 hours.
• In rainfed situations, seed priming with 1% Kcl for 3 hours and
sowing a week before onset of monsoon is recommended.
SOWING
• Sow the seeds adopting the recommended spacing.
• Place the seeds at depth 4 - 6 cm.
• Put one seed in each hole.
GAP FILLING
• Gap fill on the 15th day of sowing and simultaneously thinning may
be done leaving one healthy plant.
12. Nutrient Management
• Apply NPK fertilizers basally as per soil test recommendations
as far as possible.
If soil test recommendations are not available, follow the blanket
recommendation as follows
Recommended NP/kg/ ha
Rainfed conditions
Varieties 45 : 15 : 15 NPK kg / ha
Hybrids 60 : 30 : 30 NPK kg / ha
Irrigated condition
Varieties 60 : 30 : 30 NPK kg / ha
Hybrids 90 : 45 : 45 NPK kg / ha
13.
14. WEED MANAGEMENT
• Apply pre emergence herbicide Pendimethalin @ 3 lit/ha or
Fluchloralin @ 2 lit/ha on 3 DAS followed by hand weeding
twice on 20th & 40th DAS.
INTERCROPPING
• Raise one row of castor for every six rows of groundnut. In
the case of late receipt of monsoon blackgram + castor at 6:1
ratio is recommended. Or Intercropping of castor with
Blackgram or Greengram in 1:2 ratio is recommended for
rainfed situation. Intercropping of castor with onion in 1:2 ratio
by adopting 1.5 m x 1.0 m spacing is recommended for irrigated
situation.
15. HARVESTING THE CROP
• Observe the crop considering the average duration of the
variety.
• One or more capsules show sign of drying.
• Cut the matured racemes without damaging the secondaries.
• Dry the capsule in the sun without heaping it in the shade.
• Use castor sheller to separate the seeds or beat the dried
capsule with wooden planks, winnow and collect the seeds.
