Cold chain is a logistic system that provides a series of facilities for maintaining ideal storage conditions for perishables from the point of origin to the point of consumption in the food supply chain. The chain needs to start at the farm level (e.g. harvest methods, Pre-cooling) and cover up to the consumer level or at least to the retail level.

1. Introduction to cold chain
Cold chain is a logistic system that provides a series of facilities for maintaining ideal storage
conditions for perishables from the point of origin to the point of consumption in the food supply
chain. The chain needs to start at the farm level (e.g. harvest methods, Pre-cooling) and cover up
to the consumer level or at least to the retail level. A well organized cold chain reduces spoilage,
retains the quality of the harvested products and guarantees a cost efficient delivery to the
consumer given adequate attention for customer service. The main feature of the chain is that if
any of the links is missing or is weak, the whole system fails.
Objective Of Cold Chain Industries :- The temperature controlled supply chains or cold chains
are a significant proportion of the retail food market. The market shares of fast foods, ready
meals and frozen products have increased in recent years. There are several food temperature
levels to suit different types of products. Frozen, cold chilled, medium chilled, and exotic chilled
are some of the frequently used nomenclatures with specified temperature ranges, depending on
the products, whether it is meat or ice cream or potatoes or bananas.
With the growing demands to keep and distribute temperature sensitive products in potent
condition, organizations are seeking better solutions to maintain and monitor cold chain. The
success of implementing cold chain management involves continual monitoring of product
temperature throughout distribution and having appropriate corrective action plans in place. A
streamlined, well maintained cold chain helps to:
Reduce costs
 Improve product integrity
 Increase customer satisfaction
Reduce wastage and returns of expired stock
NEED AND APPROACH FOR COLD STORAGE
The storage plan of the Ministry aims at providing the capacity required for buffer and operational stock
to maintain the public distribution system and general warehousing. The Ministry has also been making
efforts to improve the traditional storage practices at the farm level.
http://fcamin.nic.in/dfpd_html/storage_warehouseing.html
FOODGRAIN STORAGE AND GENERAL WAREHOUSING:-There are three agencies in
the public sector which are engaged in building large scale storage/warehousing.
Food Corporation of India(FCI)
Central warehousing Corporation (CWC)
State Warehousing Corporations (SWCs).

2. Over a period of time, sizeable scientific storage/warehousing capacity has been developed by
these public sector agencies and they are implementing plans to increase it further.
The total covered capacity available with FCI for storage of Food grains including the capacity
hired from Central Warehousing Corporation and State Warehousing Corporation was 261.21
lakh tonnes as on 1.3.2005. The hired capacity with the Food Corporation of India was 109.80
lakh tonnes as on 1.3.2005.
STATE WISE STORAGE CAPACITY AVAILABLE:-
GRAND
STATE FCI* CWC** SWC** OTHERS***
TOTAL
ANDHRA PRADESH 33.68 14.40 22.82 12.85 83.75
BIHAR 4.91 0.97 2.03 5.49 13.40
GUJRAT 5.70 6.23 2.27 2.25 16.45
HARYANA 22.95 4.40 16.07 15.90 59.32
KARNATAKA 6.30 4.54 8.98 4.31 24.13
KERALA 5.36 1.30 1.92 0.79 9.37
MADHYA PRADESH 5.46 6.75 11.38 5.25 28.84
MAHARASHTRA 15.71 15.64 12.20 13.69 57.24
ORISSA 6.25 1.88 4.05 4.52 16.70
PUNJAB 77.81 7.74 60.12 60.67 206.34
RAJASTHAN 9.09 3.75 7.19 0.03 20.06
TAMILNADU 7.67 8.02 6.36 24.33 46.38
UTTAR PRADESH 25.60 11.56 28.88 14.95 80.99
WEST BENGAL 10.62 6.86 2.27 1.31 21.06
JAMMU & KASHMIR 1.03 0.21 0.00 1.49 2.73
HIMACHAL PRADESH 0.26 0.07 0.00 0.40 0.73
GOA 0.15 1.04 0.00 0.14 1.33
ASSAM 2.52 0.64 2.48 1.10 6.74
ARUNACHAL PRADESH 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.23
MANIPUR 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.41
MEGHALAYA 0.19 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.31
NAGALAND 0.27 0.13 0.00 0.11 0.51
SIKKIM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.18
TRIPURA 0.34 0.24 0.00 0.31 0.89
MIZORAM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18
JHARKHAND 1.11 0.36 0.00 0.35 1.82
UTTRANCHAL 2.11 0.75 0.00 0.00 2.86
CHHATISGARH 9.27 2.37 6.07 0.00 17.71

3. UNION TERRITORIES 5.30 2.05 0.00 0.00 7.35
GRAND TOTAL 260.31 101.90 195.20 170.60 728.01
In the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07, FCI proposes to construct additional storage capacity of
6.42 lakh MT and CWC proposes to construct additional storage capacity of 9.37 lakh MT
which takes the total proposed capacity to 15.79 lakh MT.
Details of the Storage capacity constructed by FCI, CWC and SWC‟s during 2002-03 ,
2003-04 and 2004-05 expected to be constructed by these agencies during 2005-06 are given in
the table below :-
(Figures in Lakhs Tonnes)
Agency YEAR
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
(PROPOSED
)
FCI 0.94 1.32 0.97 N.A.
CWC 3.59 3.14 1.17 2.57
TOTAL 4.53 4.46 2.14 2.57
CENTRAL WAREHOUSING CORPORATION:- The main functions of the
Central Warehousing Corporation are to acquire and build warehouses at suitable places and
to operate them for storage of agricultural production and certain other items including
industrial goods.
GROWTH IN STORAGE CAPACITY: - As we have seen from the following table,
the owned warehousing capacity with the Central Warehousing Corporation has grown over the
years.
(In Lakh Tonnes)
As on Owned Hired Total
31.03.2000 54.47 20.32 74.79
31.03.2001 56.12 27.79 83.91
31.03.2002 68.45 20.72 89.17
31.03.2003 76.11 15.03 91.14
31.03.2004 80.75 12.84 93.59
31.02.2005 84.35 15.67 100.02

4. CAPACITY UTILISATION:- The average utilization of the Warehousing Capacity of
the Corporation during the period April, 2004 to February 2005 has been about 62%.
DIVERSIFICATION: - Over the years, the Corporation had diversified its activities. As
on 1.11.2004, it had 99 Custom Bonded Warehouses. It is operating Air Cargo complexes at
Amritsar, Goa and Singllur to cater to the needs of export trade.
The CWC is also operating 34 inland Container Depot (ICD)/Container Freight Stations
(CFS).
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
The total turnover increased from Rs.255.64 crores in 1998-99 to Rs.276.34 crores during 1999-
2000 and to Rs. 339.86 during 2000-01 and to 379.94 crores during 2001-02. The turnover has
further increased to Rs.471.08 crores during 2002-2003.During the year 2003-04 the turnover
was 462.86 crores.
In lakh tone(As Owned Hired Total Ratio(O:H)
On)
31.03.2000 82.20 41.54 123.74 1.979:1
31.03.2001 105.80 41.33 147.13 2.559:1
31.03.2002 104.28 58.50 162.78 1.782:1
31.03.2003 151.55 47.76 199.31 3.173:1
31.03.2004 158.05 48.76 206.81 3.241:1
31.03.2005 128.46 63.34 191.80 2.028:1
Ref:-http://fcamin.nic.in/dfpd_html/storage_warehouseing.html
INTERNAL RESOURCES
The Corporation has been generating Internal resources which have grown significantly over the
years and are sufficient for funding its own storage construction programme as well as
contributing to the State Warehousing Corporations equity.
The Central Warehousing Corporation has 17 associates in the State Warehousing Corporations.
The total investment of the Central Warehousing Corporation, which is 50% shareholder in the
equity capital of State Warehousing Corporations was Rs.56.38 crores as on 30.9.2004. The State
Warehousing Corporations paid a total dividend of Rs.4.38 crores to the Central Warehousing
Corporation during 2002-03.
The covered storage capacity available with the State Warehousing Corporation and the
growth of capacity over the last five years is reflected in the following table:

5. http://fcamin.nic.in/dfpd_html/storage_warehouseing.html
Leading foreign cold chain companies offer assistance to India
Press Trust of India / New Delhi November 12, 2010, 17:58 IST
Leading European companies today offered their expertise to set up cold storage chains in India,
where an estimated Rs 70,000 crore worth of crops go waste every year for want of proper
warehousing facilities.Over a dozen cold chain warehouse companies from the Netherlands,
France and Belgium joined over two dozen Indian companies at a two-day cold chain expo
organised by the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
No. Of cold storage units in Storage capacity(Lakh tones)
Year operation
1947 4 0.031
1952 100 0.592
1955 359 0.771
1960 NA 3.055
1965 615 6.820
1970 1218 16.380
1975 1615 20.530
1980 2283 39.650
1985 2522 50.991
1990 2795 68.150
1995 3167 85.800
1996 3253 87.300
2001 4199 153.85
2011 7486 335.35
India has 7486 cold storages. The Major four states of cold storage in India are below, it
accounts for 4477 no. of storage places and the gross capacity of storage is 209lakh tones. All
other sates account for 3009 no. of cold storages and the gross capacity 126lakh tones.
State No. of storages Capacity(in lakh)
1.Uttar Pradesh 2709 165.46
2.Gujrat 636 17.99
3.Maharashtra 579 8.50
4.Punjab 553 17.75

6. According to Directorate of Marketing and inspection (DMI), the apex Body regulating the
cold storage in India the total cold Storage space in India is majorly utilized as the storage of
Potatoes. 78% of the space is utilized as the storage of potato.
Refrigerated Warehouse Capacity, by Country, 2008 or 2010 as Available
Country 2008(Million m3) 2010(Million m3) % Growth Rate
USA 70.74 107.48 51.93
INDIA 18.58 105.14 465.877
CHINA 15.00 61.39 309.266
JAPAN 28.38 34.06 20.014
GERMANY 13.40 21.80 62.68
RUSSIA 16.00 16.12 0.75
BRAZIL 4.50 5.71 26.88
http://www.gcca.org/global-cold-storage-capacity.html (Global Cold Chain Association)
Indian Food and Vegetables Supply Chain
Most of the Farmers don‟t use the TCL(Temperature Control Logistics) in the food and
vegetables supply chain due to poor economies as well as lack of knowledge about the cold
chain. While the second member i.e. Aggregator who collects the foods and vegetables also
don‟t use TCL because of less volume. Wholesalers usually preferred the cold chain but only for
certain products not for all products.
So the wastage of foods and vegetables are very high in every period of time.
The Market trend of cold chain demand in India
 According to DMI(Directorate of Marketing & Inspection) the TCL market in the
agriculture industry is estimated to touch Rs 51.4 billion by 2012-13 at a
CAGR(Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 10% in F&V.
 In the chocolate segment the TCL market is estimated to touch Rs 1,861 million by 2012-
13 at a CAGR of 19% in total beverages market, only inbound logistics are estimated to
be Rs 18.08 crore by 2012-13 at a CAGR of 22%.
 The TCL market in ice-cream is estimated to touch Rs 349.9 crore by 2012-13 at a
CAGR of 25.3%.

7.  The TCL market in meat Industry is estimated to touch Rs 645.04 crore by 2012-13 at a
CAGR of 7.7%.
 The growth of Reefer transportation will 11% from 259.39 to 441.9 crore.
Challenges before Cold Chain Industry
 The agriculture products post harvest loss is very high are estimated at 30% of the
harvesting
 There is a lack of access to market and technology
 In the chocolate segment there is a lack of storage facility in the retail outlet
 There is a lack of human capital with domain expertise
Technology for cold chain is India with the western World
Infrastructural Development
 Most of the cold storage have single commodity storage facility with refrigeration
through normal air conditioner or ammonia as refrigerant.
 Developed countries are using liquid nitrogen, eutectic plate technology, carbon dioxide
environment friendly technology.
Snowman’s initiative for cold chain in India
Snowman a cold chain provider in India took several initiative to expand it‟s cold chain solution.
Some of the initiatives are given below.
 Pallets capacity inside a warehouse increased 52.4% on YoY. In 2008-09 the capacity is
9360 pallets. But in 2010-11 it increased to 16,250.
 The warehouse of snowman in Chennai, Mumbai,
 Establishment of cold chain, low cost pre-cooling facilities near farms, cold stores and
grading, sorting, packing facilities to reduce wastage, improve quality and shelf life of
products.
 Application of biotechnology, remote sensing technology, energy saving technologies
and technologies for environmental protection.
 Building up a strong infrastructural base for production of value added products with
special emphasis on food safety and quality matching international standards.
 Development of Packaging Technologies for individual products, especially cut-fruits &
vegetables, so as to increase their shelf life and improve consumer acceptance both in the
domestic and international markets.
 Development of new technologies in Food Processing & Packaging and also to provide
for the mechanism to facilitate quick transfer of technologies to field through a net work
of R&D Institutions having a Central Institute at the national level with satellite

8. institutions located strategically in various regions to cover up the whole Country and to
make available the required testing facilities. This could be done by establishing a new
institution or strengthening an existing one.
 Development of area-specific Agro Food Parks dedicated to processing of the
predominant produce of the area e.g., apple in J&K, pineapple in North East, Lichi in
Bihar, Mango in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh etc. etc.
Reference:- Material management review, Volume-7, issue-12, date of publication- 1/10/11,
October 2011.
Introduction to cold chain
Cold chain is a logistic system that provides a series of facilities for maintaining ideal storage
conditions for perishables from the point of origin to the point of consumption in the food supply
chain. The chain needs to start at the farm level (e.g. harvest methods, Pre-cooling) and cover up
to the consumer level or at least to the retail level. A well organized cold chain reduces spoilage,
retains the quality of the harvested products and guarantees a cost efficient delivery to the
consumer given adequate attention for customer service. The main feature of the chain is that if
any of the links is missing or is weak, the whole system fails.
Objective Of Cold Chain Industries :- The temperature controlled supply chains or cold chains
are a significant proportion of the retail food market. The market shares of fast foods, ready
meals and frozen products have increased in recent years. There are several food temperature
levels to suit different types of products. Frozen, cold chilled, medium chilled, and exotic chilled
are some of the frequently used nomenclatures with specified temperature ranges, depending on
the products, whether it is meat or ice cream or potatoes or bananas.
With the growing demands to keep and distribute temperature sensitive products in potent
condition, organizations are seeking better solutions to maintain and monitor cold chain. The
success of implementing cold chain management involves continual monitoring of product
temperature throughout distribution and having appropriate corrective action plans in place. A
streamlined, well maintained cold chain helps to:
Reduce costs
 Improve product integrity
 Increase customer satisfaction
Reduce wastage and returns of expired stock
The Cold chain logistics infrastructure generally consists of
• Pre-cooling facilities
• Cold Storages
• Refrigerated Carriers

9. • Packaging
• Warehouse and Information Management systems
• Traceability
• Financial and Insurance Institutions
Failure to maintain appropriate temperature regimes through out the product life cycle may
shorten the product life or adversely affect its fitness for consumption. Cold chain management
involves maintaining appropriate temperature regime when the product travels from the farm in
Himachal Pradesh to the consumer in London or New York City.
That is why the logistics challenge is formidable in food chains, which is cost conscious
industry. There are several governmental regulations in all countries and the responsibility to
maintain hygiene and standards falls on the food retailer or manufacturer. The recent
developments in electronic tagging could be useful for monitoring the temperatures and also the
shelf life of the product.

10. The cold chains segment can be subdivided into a number of sectors – agriculture, horticulture,
fisheries & aquaculture, dairy, processed food for ready-to-eat / cook format together with the
packaging companies, retailers, wholesalers and caterers are in the last stage of the cold chains.
Against a requirement of over 31 million tonnes of cold storage, India has over 5,101 cold
storage units with a cumulative capacity of nearly 21.7 million tonnes, leading to a loss of about
40% of the agri-produce post-harvest.
The Indian cold chains market is largely untapped and lined by several players in the
unorganized sector which clues for immense investment and development opportunities.
Further, the diversity in terms of India‟s population with several religious groups with different
food habits and culture can be used to the advantage to become the “Halal food hub,” the
“Organic food hub,” the “Vegetarian food hub” the “Sea food hub” and so on.
Currently, the Indian cold chain market is worth $2.6 billion. This market is expected to grow to
$12.4 billion by 2015. Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have 65% of the total installed capacity of
cold storage in the country. Cold chains are used primarily for fruits and vegetables, meat and
marine products, floriculture, dairy products, ice creams and confectionery.
In the Vision 2015 paper, food processing minister Subodh Kant Sahai said the focus needed to

11. be on areas of reducing post-harvest losses, building supply chain, cold chain, and developing
linkages of farming to the processing industry. Particularly, the need of the hour is to adopt a
strategy whereby cold storage facilities are provided collectively to production centres as „Cold
Storage Centres‟ with potential strengths for storing primary and processed agricultural products
for most of the year.
“This should be supplemented with a good system of refrigerated transportation connecting farm
level storage facilities, processing units and various distribution outlets as the present system of
transporting by insulated trucks is not effective for long distance movement. At the retail outlet
end, there is a need to develop display cabinets for marketing of frozen food products. India
should also augment cold chain facilities and container handling facilities at major ports as also
at air cargo complexes for targeting global markets. All this will not only need large-scale
investments but also the development of appropriate technology more suitable to our
requirements,” the minister said.
100% depreciation for cold chains investment
Even after announcing 100 per cent depreciation for cold chain investments in the Union Budget
for 2009, the industry is yet to come forward and make investments in the sector which is
considered vital for the growth of agriculture and food processing sector in the country.
Currently, a large chunk of fresh produce goes to waste due to inadequate storage and processing
facilities.
According to industry analysts, with integrated cold chains and supply chain management the
country can save Rs 75,000 crore annually by cutting 30 per cent wastage of perishable
horticulture produce, besides garnering additional export revenue of Rs 25,000 crore.
At the Cold Chain Summit 2009, organized in December by the CII, the ministry of agriculture
and the ministry of food processing, T Nanda Kumar, agriculture secretary, said the industry
must come forward with investments as private sector involvement in warehousing and logistics
had to be stepped up. A special purpose vehicle (SPV) has been mooted, which will offer multi-
modal logistic solution for the movement of perishable commodities across the country and
revision of subsidy norms.
Cold chains development scheme:
To accelerate and develop a roadmap for cold chains sector in the country, the Centre had set up
a taskforce in association with the CII. “Based on the recommendations of the taskforce, the
Central Warehousing Corporation has been designated as the nodal agency to take action for the

12. setting up of a special purpose vehicle for cold logistics, creation of an integrated multi-product
multi-purpose commodity complex as well as to develop software for commissioning of IT-
based market information and management system,” the union agriculture minister Sharad Pawar
said.
Under the National Horticulture Mission (NHM), a new scheme of Terminal Market Complex
has been approved by the government to link farmers to markets by shortening the supply chain
of perishables with the provision of state-of-the-art technology for infrastructure which includes
cold chain logistics. Under the NGHM scheme, financial assistance of Rs 44.87 crore has been
provided for the establishment of 156 cold storages from 2005 - 06 to 2009 -10, Pawar informed.
Till now, NHB has provided assistance for the establishment of 2,172 cold storages with eligible
subsidy of Rs 604.60 crore from 1999 – 2000 to 2009 – 10. “Agricultural and Processed Food
Products Export Development Authority (Apeda) also provides assistance for setting up of
integrated pack houses which include pre-cooling, sorting, grading and cold storage facilities,”
Pawar added.
Additionally, the Mofpi is implementing a scheme for cold chain, value addition and
preservation of infrastructure whereby financial assistance is provided for strengthening cold
chain infrastructure. So far the food processing ministry has accorded approval to 10 cold chain
projects during 2008 – 09 in Maharashtra, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka,
Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Haryana.
Haunting Issues in the India Cold Chain Supply Industry
Technology is a major problem. The Indian cold chain industry is not mature compared to
emerging destinations. Still, there is a big business opportunity here. Big retail chains may end
up dominating the business. But soon, small and medium entrepreneurs could still find niches.
Opportunities for improving the cold chains industry:
Infrastructure:
Investments in real estate and cold chain infrastructure are capital intensive and will yield slow
returns. However, 100% foreign direct investment(FDI) is allowed in this sector. The
infrastructure consists of coolers, warehouses, refrigerated trucks, carriers, shopping malls and so
on. One needs to study the potential risks and the return on investment (ROI) for this activity.
Third party logistics:
Food supply is temperature sensitive and manual handling reduces the product quality and life.
Logistics providers with air-conditioned trucks, automatic handling equipment and trained

13. manpower will provide end-to-end support. One can also adapt state-of-the-art techniques such
as cross-docking that will reduce the transit times and inventory.
Retail:
One of the largest sectors in the global economy ($7 trillion), Retail is going through a transition
phase in India. One of the prime factors for non-competitiveness of the food processing industry
is because of the cost and quality of marketing channels.
Globally, more than 72% of food sales occur through supermarket stores. In India there are 12
million outlets, including push carts, wet markets and neighborhood kirana stores, selling food
and related items. The kirana stores are generally located in a small space and have no cold
storage facilities. They also have restricted capital resulting in lack of shopping variety.
The Indian retail sector is estimated to have a market size of about $180 billion but the organised
sector represents only 2% share of this market. A strong retail front-end can also provide the
necessary fillip to agriculture and food processing and other industries.
FP industry:
The Central government allows 100% FDI in this sector. There are incentives for setting up
processing plants either in agri–export zones or outside of them. Sourcing of raw materials,
either fruits and vegetables or flowers or meat, is easier with an AEZ since there are already
participants with knowledge about the industry standards. There are opportunities to create a
Halal hub (export to Southeast Asia, Middle East), vegetarian hub (20% of Indian population +
overseas), organic food hub (Europe and the US) and sea food hub in the country.
CONCLUSIONS
India is all set to become the food supplier of the world. It has the cultivable land, all the seasons
for production of all varieties of fruits and vegetables, well developed agribusiness system that
works in its own way. The business system is tuned to food habits (cooking at home) and
convenience (kirana stores) of rural and urban folks of the previous generation. Factors such as
rapid growth in the economy, the technological innovations in home appliances such as
refrigerators microwave ovens, rise of families with dual incomes and the changing food habits
of the population all point to the increasing need for healthy processed food. The supply chain
sector is very weak with no process owner and this can spell disaster. The food supply chain
needs the attention of the academics, the industry and the Government.

14. Fig:- Special Cold Storage Truck
Rising energy prices and political guidelines have attracted the notice to providers of cold chain
logistics to the needs for increased energy-efficiency. Automated truck loading systems can
substantially reduce the cooling losses during the loading and unloading process. Therefore,
those systems can contribute to the sustainable and efficient energy management in temperature-
controlled transport.
Automated truck loading systems are used predominately for shuttle transport where loading
times play an important role. Conventional truck loading or unloading with fork lift trucks takes
on average 30 minutes. With automated systems, the loading times can be reduced to just approx.
2 minutes.
Fig:- Showing Bay, Loading and Unloading Facility

15. REFERENCES
 http://www.coldstarlogistics.com/pdf/cold-storage-article.pdf
 http://www.isb.edu/faculty/Working_Papers_pdfs/Can_India_be_the_Food_Basket_for_t
he_World.pdf
 http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/leading-foreign-cold-chain-companies-
offer-assistance-to-india/115768/on
 http://www.indiareport.com/India-usa-uk-news/latest-news/934534/Business/4/27/4
 http://dcmsme.gov.in/publications/pmryprof/food/ch7.pdf
 www.expresspharmaonline.com/20080330/loggedon04.shtml
 www.crisil.com/pdf/research/Logistics-TOC.pdf
 http://news.wooeb.com/764545/ContactUs.aspx
 http://www.gcca.org/global-cold-storage-capacity.html

16.  http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_am/AM/Home/Acts+and+Rules/The+Delhi+A
gricultural+Produce+Marketing+(Regulation)+General+Rules,+2000
 http://fcamin.nic.in/dfpd_html/storage_warehouseing.html
 Material management review, Volume-7, issue-12, date of publication- 1/10/11, October
2011.
 http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/eten/projects/project_of_the_month/20060
7_cold_trace/index_en.html
 http://dewdropsagritech.com/transportations.aspx
 http://www.supremecorp.com/supreme.php?page=body_select_q&q=what-to-consider-reefer
 www.isb.edu/.../Can_India_be_the_Food_Basket_for_the_World - accessed on
05/11/2011
 www.mpstateagro.nic.in/Project%20Reports%20pdf/Cold%20Chain- accessed on
07/11/2011

BOOKS REFERED
 http://books.google.co.in/books?id=JNSiChnCangC&pg=PA133&dq=cold+storage+facil
ity+of+india+by+world+bank&hl=en&ei=UCm5TqqoM8qrAfbndWlBg&sa=X&oi=boo
k_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cold%20storage
%20facility%20of%20india%20by%20world%20bank&f=false
 http://books.google.co.in/books?id=PVYKnLANbj4C&pg=PA18&dq=COLD+STORAG
E+IN+INDIA&hl=en&ei=o6u8Tu78ObjiALMn8X_Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=resu
lt&resnum=1&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAA