very advanced implementations are attached to the normal circuit at last. the circuit will look like a very asdvance dsystem

1. i
A Short Technical Report towards A4018 – EDT (P) Course
Power production system through an applied force
Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements
for the Award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted
By
Team No.: 02
A. Rakesh 19885A0419
M. Sushmitha 19885A0423
G. Nandini 18881A04K6
Ch. Sailesh 18881A04J9
K. Manisha 17881A04K7
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Ms. C. Padmini
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
an autonomous institute affiliated to JNTUH
2020- 21

2. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be put
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance
and encouragement crown all the efforts with success.
We wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to Ms. C. Padmini, Assistant Professor for
their able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the design part of
potential project in time.
We particularly thankful to Dr G.A.E Satish Kumar, Professor & Head, Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering for his guidance, intense support and
encouragement, which helped us to mould our project into a successful one.
We show gratitude to our honorable Principal Dr.J.V.R.Ravindra, for having provided
all the facilities and support.
We avail this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and heartful thanks to
Dr Teegala Vijender Reddy, Chairman and Sri Teegala Upender Reddy, Secretary of VCE,
for providing congenial atmosphere to complete this project successfully.
We also thank all the staff members of Engineering Design Thinking Team for their
valuable support and generous advice. Finally, thanks to all our friends and family members for
their continuous support and enthusiastic help.
A. Rakesh- 19885A0419
M. Sushmitha- 19885A0423
G. Nandini - 18881A04K6
Ch. Sailesh - 18881A04J9
K. Manisha - 17881A04K7

3. iii
VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD
an autonomous institute affiliated to JNTUH
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the short technical report work entitled “Power production system
through applied force” carried out by Mr. A. Rakesh, Roll Number 19885A0419, Ms. M.
Sushmitha, Roll Number 19885A0423, Ms. G. Nandini, Roll Number 18881A04K6, Mr. Ch.
Sailesh, Roll Number 18881A04J9, Ms. K. Manisha, Roll Number 17881A04k7, towards
A4018 – EDT (P) course and submitted to the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering during the year 2020-21.
Name & Signature of the HOD
Dr. G. A. E. Satish Kumar
HOD, ECE
Name & Signature of the Instructors
Ms. C. Padmini
Assistant Professor

4. iv
Abstract
Electric Power generation it is one of the issues. In This generation of different numbers of
power resources are available, non- continual & continual, but still we cannot overcome our
power needs. Encompassed people population is one of the sources. In this project we are doing
power generation by walking or any kind of force by human being Energy can be generated by
step on the tiles. The generated energy will be stored and then we can use it for homely purpose.
This system can be place at homes, schools, colleges, where the human move around the time.
When people walk on the floor or that of tiles, electrical energy is generated by using people
weight. The control mechanism operate piezoelectric device, this piezoelectric device convert
mechanical energy into electrical energy. When there is some oscillation, force exert by foot on
floor or tiles. It can be used for charging devices e.g. laptop etc.
Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and well-being since
time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted.
Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much
relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway station,
temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock .When the flooring is engineered with piezo
electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by floor sensors
and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used as a power
source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and
street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations.

5. v
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.
No.
Name of the Figure
Page
No.
1 Motivation towards projects 1
2 Flooring Tiles 1
3 Piezoelectric tiles at speed breakers 1
4 Piezoelectric sensor 4
5 Microcontroller 4
6 16x2 LCD display 4
7 Block diagram of design 5
8 Interfacing 16x2 LCD display with microcontroller 5
9 Proposed design of the project 8
LIST OF TABLES
Table.
No.
Name of the Table
Page
No.
1 Comparative Analysis 7
2 Prototype testing 9
ABBREVATIONS
Abbreviation Expansion
CAD Computer Aided Design
DC Direct Current
AC Alternating Current
LED Light Emitting Diode
LCD Liquid Crystal Diode
ADC Analog to Digital Convertor

6. vi
OUTLINE
Acknowledgements (ii)
Abstract (iv)
List of Figures (v)
List of Tables (v)
Abbreviations (v)
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Scope 1
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Expected Deliverables 2
2 Literature Review 3
2.1 History 3
2.2 Definitions 4
2.3 Block Diagrams 5
2.4 Configuring of Peripherals 5
2.5 Applications 6
2.6 Advantages & Disadvantages 6
3 Methodology 7
3.1 Comparative Analysis (Decision Matrix) 7
3.2 Proposed Design 8
3.3 Flow Diagrams & observations 9
3.4 Challenges towards implementation 9
4 Results & Discussion 10
5 Conclusions 11
References
(Include references to books, articles, reports referred to in the report)
12

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motivation
In our daily life, the word “Power” will play a
vital role. Because without Power we cannot
imagine the day also. It’s very important how
means “Generally we have 5 Natural resources on
Earth, But Current Situation is making the word”
Power” as the vital Natural resources to Earth”.
Even though we have many types of power Fig1: Motivation towards projects
Production processes such as wind energy, Thermal energy, Solar Energy, etc. provided by
the government. But the thing is, the government was investing 1200-1500 crs for
“production” and “distribution” and in addition to that Cable charges also will come into
picture and Their Maintenance also makes a very big issue. To overcome these problems.
My process will play a role in Community in order to reduce the investment of
government on power production processes.
1.2 Scope
 In future aspects we can use this principal in the speed breakers at high ways where are
rushes of the vehicles too much thus increase input torque and ultimate output of
generator. If we are used this principle at very busy stairs palace then we produce efficient
useful electrical for large purposes.
 Flooring Tiles: - Japan has already started experimenting the use of piezoelectric effect
for energy generation. They implement piezoelectric effect on the walking tiles. Thus,
every time people step on the tiles. This vibration generates when people are walking on it.
Under these tiles piezoelectric material is placed. The movement is felt by the material
they can generate the electricity and stored into the battery for different applications.
Fig2: Flooring Tiles Fig3: Piezoelectric tiles at speedbreakers

8. Power production systemthrough applied force
8 |
1.3 Objectives
In this power production system project is to convert Mechanical energy into electrical
energy. It is used to generate electricity from by Appling any kind of force on tile. The
need of electrical energy is increasing day by day. But power generation conventional
resources are not enough for a total demand of electrical energy. Therefore, many
researchers are working on nonconventional ways of electrical power generation. Footstep
power generation system is also a non-conventional electrical energy production system. It
converts mechanical energy of human force into electrical energy by using transducers.
This power generation system can become very popular among countries like Pakistan,
china, India. It can be implemented on roads, bus stations, and many public places. And
the merchant can also charge to the persons who are going to use these resources instantly
using RFID cards which are the prominent thing in this project.
1.4 Expected Deliverables
• Accurately the RFID reader module should authorize the registered RFID cards.
• The set of piezoelectric crystals should produce maximum voltage constantly.
• The AC ripple neutralizer circuit should regulate and clear variations in the signal all the
time.
• The LCD should display the step count as well as measure of voltage correctly always.
• An invertor circuit should work fine otherwise the loads which are connected to system
may damage.

9. Power production systemthrough applied force
9 |
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 History
India is the world's third largest producer and third largest consumer of electricity. The national
electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 374.2 GW as of 31 December 2020. Renewable
power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants, constitute 36.17% of India's total
installed capacity. During the 2018-19 fiscal years, the gross electricity generated by utilities in
India was 1,372 TWh and the total electricity generation (utilities and non-utilities) in the country
was 1,547 TWh. The gross electricity consumption in 2018-19 was 1,181 kWh per capita. In
2015-16, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest (17.89%)
worldwide. The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other countries
despite India having a low electricity tariff.
India has a surplus power generation capacity but lacks adequate distribution infrastructure. To
address this, the Government of India launched a program called "Power for All" in 2016. The
program was accomplished by December 2018 in providing the necessary infrastructure to ensure
uninterrupted electricity supply to all households, industries, and commercial establishments.
Funding was made through collaboration between the Government of India and its constituent
states.
India's electricity sector is dominated by fossil fuels, in particular coal, which during the 2018-19
fiscal year produced about three-quarters of the country's electricity. The government is making
efforts to increase investment in renewable energy. The government's National Electricity Plan of
2018 states that the country does not need more non-renewable power plants in the utility sector
until 2027, with the commissioning of 50,025 MW coal-based power plants under construction
and addition of 275,000 MW total renewable power capacity after the retirement of nearly 48,000
MW old coal-fired plants. It is expected that non-fossil fuels generation contribution is likely to be
around 44.7% of the total gross electricity generation by the year 2029-30.
Throughout this process the Indian government is investing a copious amount for power
production and in addition to it for distribution also costing some amount. Because of this issues
the innovative idea called “power production system through applied force” will give a better
results and reduces some invests by the government which makes a very big changes to the
community.

10. Power production systemthrough applied force
10 |
2.2 Definitions
Piezoelectric Sensor: A piezoelectric sensor is
a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to
measure changes in pressure, acceleration,
temperature, strain, or force by converting them
to an electrical charge.
Microcontroller AT89S52:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance
CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of
in-system programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel's high-
density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the indus- try-standard 80C51
instruction set and pinout
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC): An ADC is an electronic device that changes over an info
simple voltage or current to a computerized number relative to the size of the voltage or current.
In this task we are utilizing an ADC0804 which is a normally utilized 8-bit simple to advanced
convertor. It is a solitary channel IC.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):
A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and
is very commonly used in various devices and
circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16
characters per line and there are 2 such lines.
In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7
pixel matrix. Fig6: 16x2 LCD display
RFID module:
RFID or Radio Frequency Identification system consists of two main components, a
transponder/tag attached to an object to be identified, and a Transceiver also known as
interrogator/Reader. A Reader consists of a Radio Frequency module and an antenna which
generates high frequency electromagnetic field.

11. Power production systemthrough applied force
11 |
2.3 Existing Architecture/Block Diagrams
Fig7: Block diagram of the power production systemthrough applied force
2.4 Configuring of Peripherals
Fig8: Interfacing 16x2 LCD display with microcontroller

12. Power production systemthrough applied force
12 |
2.5 Applications
 Generated power can be used for agricultural, home applications, street lighting.
 Generated power can be used in emergency power failure situations.
 Metros, Rural Applications etc.
 It can be used as a source for both A.C and D.C applications
 It is also used in universities.
 It can use in emergency power failure situations like hospitals.
2.6 Advantages & Disadvantages
 No need for fuel input.
 This is the non-ordinary technique for producing power.
 No moving parts - long administration life.
 Self-producing-no outside power required.
 The system is reduced yet exceedingly touchy.
 It is Reliable, Economical, and Eco-Friendly.
 Less utilization of Non-sustainable power sources.
.  Extremely wide powerful range, free of commotion.
 No big industries required for generation.
 Very high-frequency response.
Disadvantages:
 The initial cost of this arrangement is high.
 Care should to be taken for batteries.
 It isn't reasonable for estimation in static conditions.
 It is not suitable for measurement in static conditions.
 Only applicable for the particular place.
 The output may vary according to the temperature variation of the crystal.

13. Power production systemthrough applied force
13 |
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Comparative Analysis (Decision Matrix)
Criteria Weights #Idea1 #Idea2 #Idea3 #Idea4
1.Maintenance Cost 10 8 7 8 10
2. Revenue 10 7 8 9 6
3. Lifespan 10 8 7 9 7
4. Affordability 10 8 6 8 7
5. Level of Installation 10 6 6 9 9
Sum 50 37 34 43 39
Table1: Comparative Analysis
Description
The system consists of blocks that depress slightly under pressure/force of human and which will
depress the mechanical setup placed immediately after it inside the system. This consists of
immovable bottom platform and compressible top platform. The piezoelectric material converts
the force applied to it into electrical energy. The source of pressure can be either from the weight
of the moving vehicles or from the weight of the people walking over it. The output of the
piezoelectric material is not a steady one. So a bridge circuit is used to convert this variable
voltage into a linear one. Again an AC ripple filter is used to filter out any further fluctuations in
the output. The output dc voltage is then stored in a rechargeable battery. The LCD is interfaced
with the microcontroller AT89S52 for programming purpose. The battery charger is connected to
Microcontroller AT89S52 to display on LCD that the battery is getting charged. In the similar
way the mobile charger is also connected to microcontroller to display that the mobile is getting
charged. The 5V power supply is given to the microcontroller and the LCD. With the mobile
charger we can charge mobiles also this generates electricity can be used to drive other DC loads.

14. Power production systemthrough applied force
14 |
3.2 Proposed Design
Fig9: proposed design of power production systemthrough applied force
The schematic diagram is shown in above figure. A tile made up of piezo material generates
voltage across a piezo tile which is supplied to a bridge rectifier circuit to obtained DC voltage
and given to a rechargeable battery and thus the battery gets charged and this can be used to drive
DC loads. The battery used here is a Lead Acid Battery of 6V. A LCD is interfaced with
microcontroller. The microcontroller used here is ATMEGA 328P which is 8-bit, 32kb flash with
1k RAM and has 16MHz speed. The 16 x 2 LCD is used to display the voltage generated by the
piezo-electric tile. The crystal oscillator is connected to microcontroller which is used to give
clock signal. The power supply unit is used to supply power to microcontroller and LCD. This
unit consists of an IC called IC7805 which will convert the 12V to 5V. At the end of the circuit
testing rfid reader module is connected for getting register the rfid cards for authorization.

15. Power production systemthrough applied force
15 |
3.3 Flow Diagrams & observations
What worked?
• Authentication services.
From the improvements
authentication services is going to work
by RFID modules and its reader module
in the process.This address the above
improvement in an effective manner.
What could be improved?
Since the device operates with small
electric charge, they need high
impedance for the cable for electrical
interface. So here we need to improve
that impedance of the cable.
New ideas
The utilization of wasted energy is more
relevant and important for the
developed and populated countries.
So we can use this project for:
• Flooring tiles
• Dance floors
• Educational institutions
Questions
• Is it causing any harm to users?
• How would you define it is
protective?
• What is the strength or capacity it
can handle?
• What is the maximum weight it
can withstand?
Table2: Prototype testing
3.4 Challenges towards implementation
• Construction of set of piezoelectric crystals together in such a way that it produce
maximum amount of voltages from that on absorption of external force.
• Constructions of AC ripple neutralizer circuit to regulate the voltage and to linearize
the incoming voltage.
• Interconnection between RFID reader/writer module to the microcontroller.
• Construction of invertor circuit and interconnection between the circuit and 8051 to
drive AC loads.

16. Power production systemthrough applied force
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CHAPTER 4
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
• If in 1 square ft. Area 30 piezo sensor are used.
• As piezo sensors power generating varies with different steps,
• We get Minimum voltage=1V per step, Maximum voltage=10V per step
• If an average of 50 Kg weight pressure from single person is taken, considering the steps
of a 50 Kg weighted single person, the average calculation
• It takes 800 steps to increase 1 V charge in battery. So, to increase 12 V in battery Total
steps needed = (12 × 800) =9600 steps
• As this project is implemented in a populated area where foot step as source are available,
if an average of 2 steps in 1 second are taken.
• For 9600 steps time needed =9600/ (60 × 2) =80 minutes. (Approximately)

17. Power production systemthrough applied force
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS
The project undertaken is effectively tried and actualized which is the best conservative,
reasonable vitality answer for average citizens. This can be utilized for some applications in rustic
zones where control accessibility is less or thoroughly truant. As India is a creating nation where
vitality administration is a major test for gigantic populace. By utilizing this task we can drive
both A.C. and in addition D.C loads as indicated by the power we connected on the piezo electric
sensor. This technique gives an effective power generation in very populated nations as it
diminishes control request without contamination. As a reality just 11% of sustainable power
source adds to our essential vitality. On the off chance that this undertaking is sent at that point
not just we can conquer the vitality emergency issue yet in addition make a solid worldwide
ecological change.

18. Power production systemthrough applied force
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REFERENCES
[Only in IEEE Format]
[1]. “Footstep Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Transducer”,‟ Kiran Boby, Aleena Paul
K, Anumol.C.V, Nimisha K.K.‟,International Journal of Engineering and Innovative
Technology, vol.3, Issue 10, April 2014.
[2]. “Power Generation from Staircase (steps)”, ‟ Ramesh Raja R, Sherin Mathew„,
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology, vol.3,
Issue 1, February 2014.
[3]. “Power Harvesting by Using Human Foot Step”,‟Prabaharan R, Jayramaprakash A, Vijay
Anand.‟,International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and
Technology, vol.2, issue 7, July2013.
[4]. “Power Generation using Footstep”,‟ Jose Ananth Vino, AP.‟,International Journal of
Engineering Trends and Technology, vol.1, issue 2, may 2011.
[5]. “Electricity from Footsteps”, S.S.Taliyan, B.B. Biswas, R.K. Patil and G. P. Srivastava,‟,
Reactor Control Division, Electronics & Instrumentation Grou, Issue 21, August 2010.