Biodiversity enviornment

1. TOPIC:
BIODIVERSITY

2. RAJIT SINGH PAL
SEOP190022
3RD YEAR (6TH SEMESTER)
EYE HOSPITAL SITAPUR

3. DEFINITION
Biodiversity, also called Biological Diversity, the variety of life
found in a place on Earth or, often, the total variety of life on
Earth. A common measure of this variety, called species richness ,
is the count of species in an area. Colombia and Kenya, for
example, each have more than 1,000 breeding species of birds,
whereas the forests of Great Britain and of eastern North America
are home to fewer than 200. A coral reff off northern
Australia may have 500 species of fish, while the rocky shoreline
of Japan may be home to only 100 species. Such numbers capture
some of the differences between places—the tropics, for example,
have more biodiversity than temperate regions—but raw species
count is not the only measure of diversity. Furthermore,
biodiversity encompasses the genetic variety within each species
and the variety of ecosystems that species create.
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4. TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY
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1 Genetic Biodiversity
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5. 3
GENETIC DIVERSITY
It refers to the variations among the genetic resources of the
organisms.Everyindividual of a particular species differs from each
other in their genetic constitution. That is why every human looks
different from each other. Similarly, there are different varieties in
the same species of rice, wheat, maize, barley, etc.
SPECIES DIVERSITY
Species diversity refers to the variety of different types of species
found in a particular area. It is the biodiversity at the most basic
level. It includes all the species ranging from plants to different
microorganisms. No two individuals of the same species are
exactly similar. For example, humans show a lot of diversity
among themselves.

6. 4
ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
An ecosystem is a collection of living and non-living organisms and
their interaction with each other. Ecological biodiversity refers to the
variations in the plant and animal species living together and
connected by food chains and food webs. It is the diversity observed
among the different ecosystems in a region. Diversity in different
ecosystems like deserts, rainforests, mangroves, etc., include
ecological diversity.

7. BIODIVERSITY
HOTSPOTS IN
INDIA
◦Himalaya: Includes the entire Indian Himalayan region
(and that falling in Pakistan, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, China and
Myanmar)
◦ Indo-Burma: Includes entire North-eastern India, except
Assam and Andaman group of Islands (and Myanmar,
Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and southern China)
◦Sundalands: Includes Nicobar group of Islands (and
Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines)
◦Western Ghats and Sri Lanka: Includes entire Western
Ghats (and Sri Lanka)
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8. 1. HIMALAYA
The Himalaya Hotspot is home to the world's highest mountains, including
Mt. Everest. The mountains rise abruptly, resulting in a diversity of
ecosystems that range from alluvial grasslands and subtropical broadleaf
forests to alpine meadows above the tree line. Vascular plants have even
been recorded at more than 6,000 m. The hotspot is home to important
populations of numerous large birds and mammals, including vultures,
tigers, elephants, rhinos and wild water buffalo.
2. INDO-BURMA
Encompassing more than 2 million km² of tropical Asia, Indo-Burma is still
revealing its biological treasures. Six large mammal species have been
discovered in the last 12 years: the large-antlered muntjac, the Annamite
muntjac, the grey-shanked douc, the Annamite striped rabbit, the leaf saol
deer, and the saola.
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9. 3. SUNDALAND
The spectacular flora and fauna of the Sundaland Hotspot are succumbing to
the explosive growth of industrial forestry in these islands and to the
international animal trade that claims tigers, monkeys, and turtle species for
food and medicine in other countries. Populations of the orangutan, found
only in this hotspot, are in dramatic decline. Some of the last refuges of two
Southeast Asia rhino species are also found on the islands of Java and
Sumatra.
4.WESTERN GHATS AND SRI LANKA
Faced with tremendous population pressure, the forests of the Western Ghats
and Sri Lanka have been dramatically impacted by the demands for timber
and agricultural land. Remaining forests of the Western Ghats are heavily
fragmented; in Sri Lanka, only 1.5% of the original forest remains. this hotspot
is home to a rich endemic assemblage of plants, reptiles, and amphibians. Sri
Lanka alone may be home to as many as 140 endemic species of amphibians.
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10. BIODIVERSITY
HOTSPOTS IN
THE WORLD
The areas serving as the richest spot for biodiversity
location are termed as ‘BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS’. The
concept of Biodiversity Hotspots was given by Sir
Norman Myers in the year 1988.
There are a total of 34 Biodiversity Hotspots in the World:
Africa (9)
Asia and Australia (12)
North and Central America(4)
South America(5)
Europe and Central Asia(4)
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12. BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
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13. IMPORTANCE
OF
BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity and its maintenance are very important for
sustaining life on earth. A few of the reasons explaining the
importance of biodiversity are:
Ecological Stability
Every species has a specific role in an ecosystem. They capture
and store energy and also produce and decompose organic
matter. The ecosystem supports the services without which
humans cannot survive. A diverse ecosystem is more
productive and can withstand environmental stress.
Economic Importance
Biodiversity is a reservoir of resources for the manufacture of
food, cosmetic products and pharmaceuticals. Crops livestock,
fishery, and forests are a rich source of food. Wild plants such
as Cinchona and Foxglove plant are used for medicinal
purposes. Wood, fibres, perfumes, lubricants, rubber, resins,
poison and cork are all derived from different plant species.
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14. IMPORTANCE
OF
BIODIVERSITY
Ethical Importance
All the species have a right to exist. Humans
should not cause their voluntary extinction.
Biodiversity preserves different cultures and
spiritual heritage. Therefore, it is very important
to conserve biodiversity.
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15. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL
CLASSIFICATION OF
INDIA
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The division of India according
to biogeographic characteristics is the biogeographical
classification of India. India harbours nearly 10% of the world’s
floral diversity comprising over 17500 documented flowering
plants, 6200 endemic species, 7500 medicinal plants and 246
globally threatened species in only 2.4% of world’s land area.
Bio-geographers have classified India into ten Bio-geographic
zones with each zone having characteristic climate, soil and
biodiversity.
There are ten biogeographic zones in India:
1.Trans Himalayan zone.
2.Desert zone.
3.North east zone.
4.Islands.
5.Himalayan zone
6.Western ghat zone.
7.Gangetic plain zone.
8.Deccan plateau zone.
9.Semiarid zone.
10.Coastal zone.

17. THANKS!