3. DefinitionDefinition
Pre investment analysis of a project with a
view to determining the overall feasibility and
measures its investment worth which provides
a comprehensive review /assessment of all
aspects of project that lays the foundation for
implementation and evaluation when it is
completed.
3
5. Market appraisalMarket appraisal
It is one of the major areas of introducingIt is one of the major areas of introducing
of any products in market . In that case ,of any products in market . In that case ,
must be considered this things beforemust be considered this things before
launching in a market.launching in a market.
What would be the aggregate demand ofWhat would be the aggregate demand of
the proposed product or service?the proposed product or service?
What would be the market share of theWhat would be the market share of the
project under appraisal?project under appraisal?
5
6. Market appraisal
(Issues)
Past and current demand trends
Past and current supply position
Production possibilities and constraints
Imports and exports
Nature of competition
Cost structure
Elasticity of demand
6
8. Technical appraisalTechnical appraisal
Whether prerequisites for the success of
project considered ?
Good choices with regard to location ,
size, process, machines etc.
8
9. Technical appraisalTechnical appraisal
(Issues)(Issues)
Preliminary tests and studies
Availability of raw materials, power and other
inputs
Optimal scale of operations
Choice of suitable production process
Choice of appropriate machines and
equipment
Effluents and waste disposal
9
10. Technical appraisalTechnical appraisal
(Issues contd.)(Issues contd.)
Proper layout of plant and buildingsProper layout of plant and buildings
Realistic work schedulesRealistic work schedules
Socially acceptable technologySocially acceptable technology
10
11. Economic appraisalEconomic appraisal
Social cost –benefit analysisSocial cost –benefit analysis
Impact on level of savings and investmentsImpact on level of savings and investments
in societyin society
Impact on fulfilment of national goalsImpact on fulfilment of national goals
Self sufficiencySelf sufficiency
EmploymentEmployment
Social orderSocial order
11
12. Ecological appraisalEcological appraisal
Impact of project on quality ofImpact of project on quality of
AirAir
WaterWater
NoiseNoise
VegetationVegetation
Human lifeHuman life
12
13. Ecological appraisalEcological appraisal
(contd)(contd)
Major projects such as these causeMajor projects such as these cause
environmental damageenvironmental damage
Power plantsPower plants
Irrigation schemesIrrigation schemes
Industries like leather processing,Industries like leather processing,
chemicals etc.chemicals etc.
Likely damage & the cost of restorationLikely damage & the cost of restoration
13
14. Financial appraisalFinancial appraisal
Whether the project is financially viable ?Whether the project is financially viable ?
Servicing debtServicing debt
Meeting return expectationsMeeting return expectations
Investment and phasing of the total costInvestment and phasing of the total cost
Means of financingMeans of financing
Break even pointBreak even point
Cash flows in the projectCash flows in the project
14
15. Financial appraisalFinancial appraisal
(contd)(contd)
Investment worthwhile ?Investment worthwhile ?
Net present valueNet present value
Internal rate of returnInternal rate of return
Pay back periodPay back period
Level of riskLevel of risk
15
16. 16
LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT APPRAISAL
- Quality of project analysis depends on the quality of
data and forecast made about costs and benefits. Over-
estimation of benefits and underestimation of costs is
quite common to get the project approved.
- In view of the uncertainty about the future it is
impossible to quantify completely the risks.
- It is a useful device where benefits can be quantified.
- Project analysis is useful when there is a definite starting
and finishing points.
17. ConclusionConclusion
A project feasibility report includesA project feasibility report includes
Market and demand analysisMarket and demand analysis
Technical analysisTechnical analysis
Financial analysisFinancial analysis
Socio economic analysisSocio economic analysis
Ecological analysisEcological analysis
This analysis helps the decision maker inThis analysis helps the decision maker in
making the right choice of the project.making the right choice of the project.
17