leadership is the process of influencing the thoughts and actions of other people toattain the desired objectives.

1. LEADERSHIP
Prepared by
Rajalakshmi. S
Lecturer
Josco College of Nursing, Edappon, Mavelikara, Kerala

2. Introduction
•Leadership is the process of
influencing the thoughts and
actions of other people to attain
the desired objectives.

3. Meaning of leadership
•Leadership has the origin with the
word ‘Lead’ means ‘to go’

4. Definitions
• Lansdale: leadership is the ability to influence other people.
• Hodge and Johnson: leadership the ability to shape the attitudes and
behavior of others, whether in formal or informal situations.

5. Importance of leadership
3 main qualities expected
of a leader
Motivating
employees
Creating
confidence
Building
morale

6. Characteristics of a leader
• Leader exerts personal influence on other employees
• He lays down group objectives and policies for followers, motivating them and
coordinating their efforts to accomplish the objectives.
• He presumes the existence of a group of followers
• His style may differ from case to case
• He has the ability to pursue and motivate employees to work in order to accomplish
specified objectives.
• The leader in an organization is viewed differently by different employees. Some
may feel that the leader is bossy and some others may feel that he is not.
• The nature of the leader is to induce and develop responsibility and initiative among
this subordinates.
• Decision making is an important trait of a leader.

7. Functions of a leader
• Goal setter
• Planner
• Mediator
• Expert
• Symbol of group
• Exemplar
• Controller of internal relationship in the organization
• External group representatives
• Surrogate for individual responsibility
• Ideologist
• Father figure
• Scapegoat
• Administrator of rewards and punishment

8. Qualities of a leader
Managerial ability
Inter personal relationship
Temperament
Credibility and forward thinking
Professionalism
Advocacy

9. Leadership styles

10. Types of leadership styles
•Autocratic / authoritarian style
•Democratic / participative style
•Delegative / Free-rein/ Laissez- Faire

11. Autocratic style
• Autocratic leadership is characterized by insistence on obedience
to authority
• The leader assumes complete control over the decisions and
activities of the group.
• ‘ Do what i say’

12. • Personality of the autocratic leader
1. Firm personality, self assured, highly directive, dominating and with or without
intention.
2. Has higher concern for work
3. Uses the efforts of workers to the best possible advantage.
4. Makes all decisions and passes orders to workers.
5. Minimal group participation
6. Thinks that what he or she plans and does is best.
7. Has no trust or confidence in subordinates.
8. Exercises power, manipulates subordinates to act according to his goal plans

13. Democratic / participative
• In this type of leadership, the whole team is involved and accepts
responsibility for setting and achieving desired goal.
• Personality of leader
1. Greater concern for his or her people than for higher production
2. Leader’s job is to maintain constructive relationship among members and
reduce tensions and conflicts between them.

14. Laissez- Faire/ Delegative / Free-rein
• Leader has absolutely no control.
• He only gives information, materials and facilities to his or her employees to
enable them to accomplish desired goals.

16. Theories of leadership
Trait theory
Behavioural
theory
Situational
theory

17. Trait theory
• It seems to determine the traits or personal
characteristics of a successful leader.
• Successful leader supposed to have
Intellectual ability
Good personality
Imagination
Initiative flexibility
Emotional stability
Desire to accept responsibility
Sincerity
Honesty
Ability to make quick decisions
Persuasive power
Reliability
Courage
• To determine these traits studies were
conducted by choosing successful leaders and
evaluate their personal traits.
• It was presumed that people having these traits
could become successful leaders.

18. Behavioural theory
• This approach emphasis on the actual hehaviour
and actions of the leader
• It states that leader uses 3 skills to lead his
followers.
1. Technical
2. Human
3. Conceptual
• Theory emphasizes – favourable behavior of a
leader provides greater satisfaction to his
followers, and they recognize him as their leader.
• Limitation – particular behaviuor and actions of a
leader may be relevant and effective at particular
point of time. While at another it may be irrelevant
and ineffective.

19. Situational theory
• Leadership is affected by a situation from which
a leader emerges and in which he works.
• Important aspect of this theory is the interaction
between the group and its leader; people tend to
follow the person who is capable of fullfilling
their desires.

20. Bibliography
• Jogindra vati, Principles and practice of nursing management &
administration. Jaypee brothers medical publishers (P) Ltd.
• I. Clement, management of nursing services and education. Elsevier
publications ,New Delhi.