2. Air from lungs
passes through
larynx, goes
through vocal
tract and ends
at mouth and
nostrils.
3. •Tube begins just above larynx
•Female: 7cm Male: 8cm
•Top end is divided into two; to the mouth and nasal cavity
PHARYNX
•Allows air to pass through the mouth or nose.
•Can be touched by tongue
•Velar consonants. ( [k] , [g])
VELUM /
SOFT PALATE
•Roof of the mouth
HARD
PALATE
4. • Between top front teeth and hard palate.
• Produces alveolar sound ([t], [d])
ALVEOLAR
RIDGE
• Can be moved to many places and different
shapes.
• Tip, blade, front, back, root
TONGUE
• Upper and lower teeth
• Produces dental sounds ([
TEETH
• Can be moved to make different shapes.
• Produces bilabial sounds ([p]) and labiodental
sounds ()
LIPS
5. •Produces nasal sounds
([n], [m])
NASAL CAVITY
/ NOSE
•Doesn’t make contact
with other articulators.
•Move lower jaw.
JAWS
6. Vowels: sounds which there is no obstruction
to the flow of the air as it passes from larynx
to the lips.
Consonants: sounds produce wen the air flow
is being obstructed. Some exceptions may
occur.
9. Lips (Lip-rounding)
Rounded – corners of the lips are brought
towards each other and the lips pushed
forwards.
Spread – corners of the lips moved away from
each other
Neutral – no noticeably rounded or spread