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Quality Management

                           Getting it Right




http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Quality Management
     It is not enough to make sure you get
     it done on time and under budget – but
     it has to be of good quality

     Quality is a measure of how well your
     product does what you intend

     How closely your product meets the
     requirements

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Scope

                                Time

                                Cost



http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Product Quality Attributes
    • Reliability - The probability of failure-free
      system operation over a specified time in a given
      environment for a given purpose
    • Availability - The probability that a system, at a
      point in time, will be operational and able to
      deliver the requested services
    • Safety - The system’s ability to operate,
      normally or abnormally, without danger of
      causing human injury or death and without
      damage to the system’s environment
    • Security – The system’s ability to protect itself
      from accidental or deliberate external attack


http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Product Quality Attributes
    • Efficiency
       – Software should not make wasteful use of
         system resources (disk and memory space,
         CPU time, etc.)

    • Usability (ease of use)
      – Software must be usable by the users for
        which it was designed

    • Dependability (reliability, availability, security,
      safety,…)

    • Maintainability (ease of maintenance)

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Quality Management Process

     Quality Planning (Quality
     Management Plan)

     Quality Control (Monitoring and
     Controlling)

     Quality Assurance (Following Quality
     Standards)

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Quality Management Plan

       Metric              Goal        Industry Std.    How we will
                                                           do it




   Schedule           <5%              <7%             Use of skill
   Variance                                            resources




   Defect Density    0 High Priority   0 High          Strict quality
                     2 Medium          2 Medium        measures
                     5 Low             4 Low

                      Defect per
                      module
http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Tools of Quality Control

     Control Charts

     Fishbone / Ishikawa diagrams

     Pareto Charts

     Flowcharts

     Statistical Sampling

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Control Charts

     How effectively processes are controlled

     How many items are above and below
     prescribed levels

     What is acceptable limit and what action
     needs to be taken for items above UCL &
     LCL



http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Control Charts




                                           UCL




                                           LCL




http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Fishbone Diagram




http://www.radiantminds.co.in
The 8 Ms (used in manufacturing)

   •Machine (technology)
   •Method (process)
   •Material (Includes Raw Material, Consumables
   and Information.)
   •Man Power (physical work)/Mind Power (brain
   work):
   •Measurement (Inspection)
   •Mother Nature (Environment)
   •Management/Money Power
   •Maintenance


http://www.radiantminds.co.in
The 8 Ps (used in service industry)

    Product=Service
    Price
    Place
    Promotion/Entertainment
    People(key person)
    Process
    Physical Evidence
    Productivity & Quality

    The 4 Ss (used in service industry)
    Surroundings
    Suppliers
    Systems
    Skills

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Quality Assurance


                              deliverables
  Software development        D1           D2               D3   D4   D5
         process




   Quality management
          process



    Standards and   Quality        Quality review reports
    procedures      plan




http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Development of process standards



                        De velop         Assess product
 Define process
                        product             quality




                                    No                    Yes
                         Improve            Quality             Standar dize
                          process            OK                   process




http://www.radiantminds.co.in
ISO 9000

    • International set of standards for quality
      management (ISO 9000:2000, ISO 9001:2000,
      ISO 9004:2000, etc.)

    • Applicable to a range of organisations from
      manufacturing to service industries

    • ISO 9004:2000 provides guidance for continual
      improvement of a quality management system to
      benefit all parties (employees, owners, suppliers,
      society in general,…)

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
ISO 9000 certification
    • Quality standards and procedures should be
      documented in an organisational quality manual

    • External body may certify that an organisation’s
      quality manual conforms to ISO 9000 standards
      (namely ISO 9001)

    • Customers are, increasingly, demanding that
      suppliers are ISO 9000 certified




http://www.radiantminds.co.in
ISO 9000 and quality management
                          ISO 9000
                        quality models

                         instantiated as


                                                    documents
                         Organization                               Organiza tion
                        quality manual                             quality process

                        is used to develop                         instantiated as


         Project 1         Project 2                 Project 3     Project quality
        quality plan      quality plan              quality plan    mana gement




                                         Supports

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
The Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
     Capability Maturity Model for Software (CMM)

  • judging the maturity of the software processes of an
    organization


                                                            Level 5
                                                           Optimizing


                                            Le vel 4
                                            Managed


                                Level 3
                                Defined


                   Le vel 2
                  Repeatable


   Level 1
    Initial

http://www.radiantminds.co.in
Optimizing
                                                  Process change management
                                                  Technology change management
                                                  Defect prevention

                                          Managed
                                      Software quality management
                                      Quantitative process management

                              Defined
                          Peer reviews
                          Intergroup coordination
                          Software product engineering
                          Integrated software management
                          Training programme
                          Organization process definition
                          Organization process focus


           Repeatable
        Software configuration management
        Software quality assurance
        Software subcontract management
        Software project tracking and oversight
        Software project planning
        Requirements management


http://www.radiantminds.co.in
   Initial
The CMM and ISO 9000

    •   There is a clear correlation between the key
        processes in the CMM and the quality
        management processes in ISO 9000

    •   The CMM is more detailed and prescriptive and
        includes a more detailed framework for
        improvement

    •   Organisations rated as level 2 in the CMM are
        likely to be ISO 9000 compliant



http://www.radiantminds.co.in

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Pm 9 quality

  • 1. Quality Management Getting it Right http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 2. Quality Management  It is not enough to make sure you get it done on time and under budget – but it has to be of good quality  Quality is a measure of how well your product does what you intend  How closely your product meets the requirements http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 3. Scope Time Cost http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 4. Product Quality Attributes • Reliability - The probability of failure-free system operation over a specified time in a given environment for a given purpose • Availability - The probability that a system, at a point in time, will be operational and able to deliver the requested services • Safety - The system’s ability to operate, normally or abnormally, without danger of causing human injury or death and without damage to the system’s environment • Security – The system’s ability to protect itself from accidental or deliberate external attack http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 5. Product Quality Attributes • Efficiency – Software should not make wasteful use of system resources (disk and memory space, CPU time, etc.) • Usability (ease of use) – Software must be usable by the users for which it was designed • Dependability (reliability, availability, security, safety,…) • Maintainability (ease of maintenance) http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 6. Quality Management Process  Quality Planning (Quality Management Plan)  Quality Control (Monitoring and Controlling)  Quality Assurance (Following Quality Standards) http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 7. Quality Management Plan Metric Goal Industry Std. How we will do it Schedule <5% <7% Use of skill Variance resources Defect Density 0 High Priority 0 High Strict quality 2 Medium 2 Medium measures 5 Low 4 Low Defect per module http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 8. Tools of Quality Control  Control Charts  Fishbone / Ishikawa diagrams  Pareto Charts  Flowcharts  Statistical Sampling http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 9. Control Charts  How effectively processes are controlled  How many items are above and below prescribed levels  What is acceptable limit and what action needs to be taken for items above UCL & LCL http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 10. Control Charts UCL LCL http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 12. The 8 Ms (used in manufacturing) •Machine (technology) •Method (process) •Material (Includes Raw Material, Consumables and Information.) •Man Power (physical work)/Mind Power (brain work): •Measurement (Inspection) •Mother Nature (Environment) •Management/Money Power •Maintenance http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 13. The 8 Ps (used in service industry) Product=Service Price Place Promotion/Entertainment People(key person) Process Physical Evidence Productivity & Quality The 4 Ss (used in service industry) Surroundings Suppliers Systems Skills http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 15. Quality Assurance deliverables Software development D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 process Quality management process Standards and Quality Quality review reports procedures plan http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 16. Development of process standards De velop Assess product Define process product quality No Yes Improve Quality Standar dize process OK process http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 17. ISO 9000 • International set of standards for quality management (ISO 9000:2000, ISO 9001:2000, ISO 9004:2000, etc.) • Applicable to a range of organisations from manufacturing to service industries • ISO 9004:2000 provides guidance for continual improvement of a quality management system to benefit all parties (employees, owners, suppliers, society in general,…) http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 18. ISO 9000 certification • Quality standards and procedures should be documented in an organisational quality manual • External body may certify that an organisation’s quality manual conforms to ISO 9000 standards (namely ISO 9001) • Customers are, increasingly, demanding that suppliers are ISO 9000 certified http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 19. ISO 9000 and quality management ISO 9000 quality models instantiated as documents Organization Organiza tion quality manual quality process is used to develop instantiated as Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project quality quality plan quality plan quality plan mana gement Supports http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 20. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Capability Maturity Model for Software (CMM) • judging the maturity of the software processes of an organization Level 5 Optimizing Le vel 4 Managed Level 3 Defined Le vel 2 Repeatable Level 1 Initial http://www.radiantminds.co.in
  • 21. Optimizing Process change management Technology change management Defect prevention Managed Software quality management Quantitative process management Defined Peer reviews Intergroup coordination Software product engineering Integrated software management Training programme Organization process definition Organization process focus Repeatable Software configuration management Software quality assurance Software subcontract management Software project tracking and oversight Software project planning Requirements management http://www.radiantminds.co.in Initial
  • 22. The CMM and ISO 9000 • There is a clear correlation between the key processes in the CMM and the quality management processes in ISO 9000 • The CMM is more detailed and prescriptive and includes a more detailed framework for improvement • Organisations rated as level 2 in the CMM are likely to be ISO 9000 compliant http://www.radiantminds.co.in