This document provides an overview of waste management systems and practices in different countries presented by Rachel, Phil, Gautam and Adrian. It discusses waste management in Canada where responsibilities are divided between municipal, provincial and federal governments. Waste management in London, England is outlined, including key acts and policies as well as statistics on waste streams. The challenges of waste management in Metro Manila, Philippines are also presented, where unregulated dumping and lack of infrastructure lead to health and environmental issues.

1. Waste
Management
Systems
INTERNATIONAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Rachel.
H
Phil.
F
Gautam.
B
Adrian.w

2. Summary
of
Our
Presenta@on
Let
us
begin!!
1Why
the
Topic
is
of
Interest
2
Waste
Management
in
Different
Countries
3
United
NaCons
Approach

3.
Why
is
Interna@onal
Waste
Management
of
Interest
to
us?
1

4. Crea@ng
solu@ons
to
aid
with
waste
management
in
developing
countries
may
be
a
Future
Career
for
some
of
us.
It’s
an
eye
opening
topic.
Not
all
areas
of
the
world
are
fortunate
to
have
the
capabili@es
to
properly
manage
curbside
waste.
It
educates
us
on
human
health
and
environmental
impacts.
It
puts
into
perspec@ve
the
environmental,
economic,
and
social
baJles
of
being
able
to
appropriately
dispose
of
waste
generated
by
every
day
ac@vi@es.
Why
It’s
of
Interest
to
Us
Brazil
Waste
Disposal

5. Organize
with
SecCons
Waste
Management
in
Canada
Here
in
Niagara
we
have
Regional
curbside
waste
collec@on
processes.
Mediums
such
as
Garbage,
Paper,
PlasCc
and
Organics
are
collected
and
disposed
of
in
appropriate
manors.
Each
level
of
government
has
its
own
responsibili@es
pertaining
to
waste.
Municipal
Government
Responsible
for
collec@ng
and
Managing
wastes
from
homes.
Provincial
Government
Responsible
for
approvals,
licensing
and
monitoring
of
waste
management
prac@ces.
Federal
Government
Deals
with
interprovincial/na@onal
movement
of
hazardous
waste
materials.
Environment
Canada
2013

6.
2 Waste
Management
In
Different
Countries
Now
,
flip
over
your
handout
cards!!

7. Waste
Management
in......
London
England

8. Government
developed
waste
strategy
systems
to
focus
on
improving
waste
management
for
residen@al
and
commercial
waste
genera@on.
The
Corpora@on
of
the
City
of
London
is
responsible
for
collec@ng
waste
from
9,000
residents
and
340,000
workers
daily.
Waste
Management
in
London
England
Waste
Stream
2011
2016
2021
Commercial/
Business
waste
466
Thousand
tonnes
481
196
Municipal
waste
38
41
44
Total
504
522
540
Future
Waste
Projec@on
for
London
England
London’s
Largest
Waste
Management
Company

9. Important
Acts
that
Pertain
to
London’s
Waste
Management:
Waste
Minimiza@on
Act
–
1998
Landfill
Tax
Regula@ons
–
1996
Household
Waste
Recycling
Act
–
2004
Clean
Neighborhoods
and
Environment
Act-­‐
2005
Waste
Framework
Direc@ve
–
2008
Landfill
Direc@ve
–
1999
Waste
Incinera@on
Direc@ve
–
2000
Waste
Electrical
and
Electronic
Equipment
Direc@ve
–
2002
Waste
Management
in
London
England
• Sending
@res
to
landfills
has
been
banded
• Landfill
taxes
of
£
72
per
tonne
• 42.9
percent
of
all
waste
collected
in
England
in
2014
was
recycled
(Perchard
2015)

10. Waste
Management
in......
Metro
Manila,
Philippines

11.
Waste
Management
in
Metro
Manila,
Philippines
Waste
Management
in
Metro
Manila
is
currently
in
a
developing
state.
Waste
collec@on
processes
for
non
recyclables
and
special
wastes
are
handled
by
the
local
government.
Once
collec@on
occurs
waste
is
usually
brought
to
un-­‐sanitary
dump
sites
or
is
thrown
aside
at
random
loca@ons.
These
prac@ces
lead
to
severe
health
affects
and
to
the
contaminaCon
of
habitual
land.
Waste
collec@on
is
a
constant
struggle
due
to
the
lack
of
financial
accountability
as
well
as
regulatory
opera@ng
procedures.
Barangay
units
à
small
villages,
are
responsible
for
collec@ng
reusable
and
compostable
materials.

12. Issues
With
Metro
Manila
Waste
Prac@ces
Leachate
Samples
of
run-­‐off
from
Rodriguez
and
Payata
dump
sites
show
high
levels
of
contaminants
that
are
extremely
hazardous.
Due
to
the
improper
structure
of
the
dump
sites,
the
contaminated
leachate
seeps
directly
into
water
that
is
used
by
local
fisheries
and
as
a
drinking
water
source.
Lead
poisoning
Common
in
children,
lead
poisoning
can
lead
to
mul@ple
health
affects
including
learning
difficul@es,
reduced
growth
and
many
other
illnesses
that
stem
from
the
central
nervous
system
Arsenic
Levels
of
arsenic
were
found
to
be
60
@mes
the
safe
contact
level.
This
can
lead
to
skin
lesions,
increased
risk
of
cancer
and
circulatory
issues.
Biological
Oxygen
Demand
The
increased
biological
oxygen
demand
from
the
leachate
robs
surface
water
of
oxygen
necessary
to
support
aqua@c
life.

13. Health
Issues
With
Metro
Manila
Waste
Pickers
Adults
and
children
work
as
waste
pickers
at
the
dumpsites.
It
is
es@mated
that
4,300
individuals
pick
through
the
garbage
without
any
protec@on
from
the
dangerous
and
filthy
condi@ons.
It
is
also
es@mated
that
more
than
150,00
people
live
in
the
surrounding
dump
area
and
come
in
contact
with
the
ci@es
waste.
It
is
no
wonder
that
Lead
and
Arsenic
are
having
affects
on
children
and
civilians
in
the
city.
SoluCons?
Ecological
Solid
Waste
Management
Act
à
Put
in
place
to
help
with
their
waste
management
problem.
• States
that
half
of
all
waste
must
be
diverted
into
compost/recycling.
However
,
due
to
improper
implementa@on
not
much
has
changed.

14. Waste
Management
in......
MalmÖ,
Sweden

15. »
98
percent
of
waste
that
is
collected
from
residen@al
areas
in
Malmo
is
reused
or
recycled.
This
includes
crea@ng
Biogas!
Biogas
is
used
to
provide
fuel
for
taxis,
cars,
buses
and
garbage
trucks
that
travel
through
the
city.
Organics
In
Malmo
sor@ng
out
food
waste
is
a
must.
Since
2014
all
ci@zens
have
been
recycling
their
food
waste.
Environmental
Law
Swedish
Environmental
Laws
place
responsibility
on
product
producers.
They
are
responsible
for
collec@on
systems
and
treatment
methods
as
well
as
providing
informa@on
in
regards
to
how
their
product
should
be
disposed.
Sec@on
6
of
Sweden’s
Environmental
Code.
Municipal
Policy
states
that
“environmental,
social,
and
ethical
requirements
should
be
made
in
all
public
contracts
and
that
requirements
made
should
aim
for
long-­‐term
sustainable
development.”
(City
of
Malmö,
2012).
Waste
Management
in
MalmÖ
Sweden

16. Waste
Management
in
MalmÖ
Sweden
Treatment
methods
for
waste
in
Malmo
Material
Recycling
Biological
Treatment
Energy
Recovery
Landfill
Household
waste
is
collected
in
two
forms
Mixed
fracCons
(for
energy)
or
separate
fracCons
(For
food
waste
or
combus@ble
waste.)

17. InternaConal
Waste
Management
Videos
Waste
Management
Sweden:
hJps://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=GTV6f853IZE
Waste
Management
Africa:
hJps://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=6AcOniyGMv0
Waste
Management
PalesCnian
Territories:
hJps://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RY2fswgYRsE

18.
3 United
NaCons
Approach
to
Waste
Management

19. • Waste
is
a
global
issue
• Developing
countries
are
growing
rapidly
• Development
of
Environmentally
Sound
Technologies
(EST)
What
is
Their
Approach
to
Waste?
• Demonstra@ons
and
pilot
projects
• Technology
support
• Capacity
building
• Secretariat
of
the
Global
Partnership
for
Waste
Management
Why
are
They
Involved?

20. • Show
how
a
process
will
work
at
a
local
scale
• Show
the
benefits
for
the
economy,
people
and
environment
• Partnering
and
manpower
• Successful
applica@on
in
China,
India,
Lesotho,
Sri
Lanka,
Brazil
• Currently
working
in
Kenya
and
Ethiopia
Pilot
Projects
Technology
Support
• Stages:
Laboratory
tes@ng,
pilot
program,
usage
• Sustainability
assessment
of
technologies
(SAT)
• Reports
on
technologies
for
waste
management
(conver@ng
wastes
to
resources)
Capacity
Building
• Training
• Bringing
ins@tu@ons,
policy
makers
and
stakeholders
together
• Crea@ng
a
plan
Eco-­‐Towns
• Urban
planning
• Taking
an
environmental
approach
to
development
• Reduce
nega@ve
impact
through
technology,
tools
and
techniques

21. hJps://nextcity.org/daily/entry/the-­‐impoverished-­‐slum-­‐that-­‐became-­‐manilas-­‐model-­‐recycler
hJp://www.ide.go.jp/Japanese/Publish/Download/Report/2010/pdf/2010_431_05.pdf
hJp://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publica@on/29301/garbage-­‐book.pdf
hJps://www.ec.gc.ca/gdd-­‐mw/
City
of
Malmö
(2012)
Public
procurement
guidelines.
hJp://www.malmo.se/Foretagare/
Offentliga-­‐upphandlingar/
Regelverk-­‐och-­‐policy/Hallbar-­‐upphandling.html
Swedish
waste
management
associa@on
(2010)
Swedish
waste
management
2009.
Swedish
Waste
management
associa@on,
Malmo,
Sweden
hJp://www.avfallsverige.se/fileadmin/uploads/Rapporter/SWM_2013.pdf
hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/tabid/56239/Default.aspx
hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/EcoTowns/tabid/79266/Default.aspx
hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/Capacitybuilding/tabid/56256/Default.aspx
hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/Technologysupport/tabid/56255/Default.aspx
hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/Projects/tabid/56253/Default.aspx
References

22.
What’s Your Message?
INTERNATIONAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT