1. SYSTEM UNIT
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

2. CPU
1ST
MICRO
PROCESSO
R
DIFFERENT
MICROPR
OCESSORS
PARTS OF
CPU
PARTS OF
SYSTEM UNIT
PARTS OF
CPU IN
DETAIL
DESCRIPTION
WITH
DIAGRAM
WE ARE
GOING TO
TALK ABOUT

3. On large machines, the CPU requires one or more printed circuit
boards. On personal and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a
single chip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970's the microprocessor
class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU
implementations.
The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer. Modern CPUs
are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins
on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side
down, on the motherboard.
Each motherboard will support only a specific type (or range) of CPU,
so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications
before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU in your computer.
Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go
directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.
CPU

4. Four decades ago from today — November 15, 1971 — Intel placed an
advertisement for the first single-chip CPU, the Intel 4004, in electronic
news. Designed by the fantastically-forenamed Federico Faggin, Ted
Hoff, and Stanley Mazor, the 4004 was a 4-bit, 16-pin microprocessor
that operated at a mighty 740khz — and at roughly eight clock cycles
per instruction cycle (fetch, decode, execute), that means the chip
was capable of executing up to 92,600 instructions per second. We
can’t find the original list price, but one source indicates that it costs
around $5 to manufacture, or $26 in today's cost
THE FIRST MICROPROCESSOR

5. INTEL’S FIRST
MICROPROCESSOR
INTEL 4004

6. Microprocessor
A Motherboard

7. INTEL QUAD CORE
MICROPROCESSOR
INTEL DUAL CORE
MICROPROCESSOR

8. DIFFERENT
MICROPROCESSORS USED
NOW-A-DAYS

9. Intel Pentium Dual Core Processors
The Intel Pentium processors with Intel dual-core technology deliver great
desktop performance, low power enhancements, and multitasking for
everyday computing.
Intel Dual Core i3 Processors
Intel Core i3 dual core processors provide 4-way multitasking capability with
built-in performance headroom for software upgrades.
Intel Dual Core i5 Processors
Intel Core i5 processors deliver the next level of productivity. With Intel Turbo
Boost Technology this quad-core processor with 4-way multitasking capability
delivers extra speed whenever we need.
Intel Dual Core i7 Processors
The Intel Core i7 processors deliver best-in-class performance for the most
demanding applications. This quad-core processor features 8-way
multitasking capability and additional L3 cache.

10. Two typical components of a CPU are the following:
1.The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical
operations.
2.The Control Unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and
decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
PARTS OF CPU (A BREIF DESCRIPTION)

11. PARTS OF SYSTEM UNIT AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
• Motherboard – The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer. It is
also known as the mainboard or system board.
• CPU – The CPU is the central electronic chip that determines the processing power
of the computer.
• Memory – Memory is the part of the computer that temporarily stores applications,
documents, and stem operating information.
• Bus – A bus is an electronic line that allows 1s and 0s to move from one place to
another.
• Expansion Slots – Expansions slots appear on the motherboard. They are sockets into
which adapters are connected.

12. • Ports and Connectors – A port is a connector located on the motherboard
or on a separate adapter.
• Bays – A bay is a space inside the computer case where a hard drive, floppy
drive or CD-ROM drive sits
• Power Supply – A power supply changes normal household electricity into
electricity that a computer can use.
• Sound Components – A sound card lets a computer play and record high
quality sound.

13. PARTS OF CPU (IN DETAIL)

14. CONTROL UNIT ( CU )
• The control unit coordinates the components of a computer system. It fetches the
code of all of the instructions in the program. It directs the operation of the other units
by providing timing and control signals. All computer resources are managed by the
CU. It directs the flow of data between the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the
other devices.
• The control unit was historically defined as one distinct part of the 1946 reference
model of Von Neumann architecture. In modern computer designs, the control unit is
typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall role and operation unchanged.
• The control unit is the circuitry that controls the flow of data through the processor,
and coordinates the activities of the other units within it. In a way, it is the "brain within
the brain", as it controls what happens inside the processor, which in turn controls the
rest of the computer. The examples of devices that require a control unit are CPUs and
graphics processing units (GPUs). The control unit receives external instructions or
commands which it converts into a sequence of control signals that the control unit
applies to the data path to implement a sequence of register-transfer
level operations.

15. ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT
• In computing, an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that
performs integer arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental
building block of the central processing unit of a computer, and even the
simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining
timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing
units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single
component may contain a number of ALUs.
• Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945,
when he wrote a report on the foundations for a new computer called
theEDVAC. Research into ALUs remains as an important part of computer
science, falling under Arithmetic and logic structures in the ACM Computing
Classification System.

16. • Arithmetic and Logic Unit
• Schematic Symbol

18. 1. CPU LOADS THE
INSTRUCTIONS
FROM MAIN
MEMORY TO
COMMITED
INFORMATION
RATE(CIR)
2. INSTRUCTIONS
ARE INTERPRETED
OR COMPILED
3. INSTRUCTIONS
ARE EXECUTED &
CPU PERFORMS
REQUIRED
ACTIONS &
CALCULATIONS
4. ALL
GENERATED
RESULTS ARE
STORED IN THE
MAIN MEMORY

19. MADE BY : THE STUDENTS OF CLASS 9TH-A
•Khadija Amjad
•Nawal
•Hafsa Zaman
• Rabia Idrees
Date: 10th
June , 2013