1. ADHD
By Regina Salice

2. ADHD
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity • According to the Learning
Disorder Disabilities Association of
America, it is estimated that
• Affects children and adolescents between 3% to 5% of kids have
and can continue into adulthood ADHD or approximately 2 million
for some children in the United States.
• It is the most common • Also, many children with
neurobehavioral disorder among ADHD, approximately 20 to 30
children percent also have a specific
learning disability.
• Increased risk of childhood
depression & anxiety disorders
CITE: Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD). (n.d.). Retrieved 2011,
from Learning Disabilities Association of America website:
http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/adh
d.asp

3. Symptoms
For Children For Adults
• Inattention • Anxiety
• Hyperactivity • Procrastination
• Impulsivity • Mood swings
• Chronic boredom

4. Causes
• Heredity
• Chemical Imbalance
• Brain Changes
• Poor Nutrition, Infections and Substance Abuse
• Exposure to Toxins
• Injury to the Brain or a Brain Disorder

5. Effects on Student
• Social problems
• Sleep Issues
• Low self esteem
• Poor Handwriting
• Learning disabilities
• Disorganized
• Academic struggles
• Note taking, study
• In ability to focus and pay skills, and time
attention management

6. Effects on Family
• Parental stress
• Anxiety
• Attention
• Discipline
• Finances

7. Effects on School
• Most children with ADHD are educated in standard
classrooms
• Some are better in more structured environment.
• Special education is a type of schooling that is
tailored to meet the specific needs of children with
learning disabilities or behavioral disorders
• Not all children with ADHD qualify for special
education
Cite: Special Education For ADHD. (2011).
Retrieved from Webmd website:
http://www.webmd.com/add-
adhd/ss/slideshow-adhd-in-children

8. Ability to Learn
• Planning & Prioritizing • Self-Regulation of Affect
• Time Management • Task Initiation
• Organization • Disengaging Attention
• Memory • Goal-Directed Persistence
• Metacognition • Sustained Attention
• Flexibility • Regulation of Processing
Speed
• Response Inhibition

9. Treatment: Medications
Stimulants Non-Stimulants
• Methylphenidate • Atomoxetine (brand
(e.g., Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate)
name: Strattera)
• Dexmethylphenidate (e.g. Focalin)
• Modafinil (brand name:
• Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine
(e.g., Adderall, Dexedrine, Dextrostat
Provigil)
)
• Lisdexamfetamine (e.g., Vyvanse)

10. Treatment Alternatives
Therapy & Counseling
• Monitor Behavior
• Builds Strengths
• Sets structure

11. Educational Trends
• For students who have difficulty organizing time, materials and
information, a variety of approaches can be used, including:
• a quiet, uncluttered homework space;
• alarm watch;
• purchased texts that can be marked with a highlighter;
• a homework assignment diary coordinated between home and
school;
• study skills instruction; and CITE: Accommodations, Techniques
and Aids For Learning. (2011).
Retrieved from Learning Disabilities
• a personally-developed date-book or scheduler. Association of America website:
http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teac
hers/understanding/accommodation
s.asp

12. References
• About AD/HD Causes and Brain Chemistry. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Resource
Center on AD/HD website: http://www.help4adhd.org/en/about/causes
• Accommodations, Techniques and Aids For Learning. (2011). Retrieved from Learning
Disabilities Association of America website:
http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/accommodations.asp
• ADHD May Have Lingering Effects. (2012, October 16). Retrieved from CNN website:
http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/16/health/adhd-long-term-effects/index.html
• Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD). (n.d.).
Retrieved 2011, from Learning Disabilities Association of America website:
http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/understanding/adhd.asp
• Fowler, M. (2002). ADHD: School Issues and Interventions. Retrieved from Family
Education website: http://school.familyeducation.com/add-and-adhd/learning-
disabilities/57658.html

13. CONT.
• Harpin, V. A., Dr. (n.d.). The effect of ADHD on the life of an individual, their family, and community
from preschool to adult life. Disease In Childhood, 90(1). Retrieved from
http://adc.bmj.com/content/90/suppl_1/i2.full
• How to treat AD/HD. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Center for Learning Disabilities website:
http://www.ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/adhd-related-issues/adhd/how-to-treat-adhd
• Miller, K., Dr. (2011). Understanding the Mental Skills Affected by ADD and ADHD. Retrieved from
Miller Educational Excellence website: http://millereducationalexcellence.com/adhd-add-autism-
learning-disabilities/understanding-mental-skills-affected-by-add-adhd
• Sousa, D. A. (2007). How The Special Needs Brain Learns (Second ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin
Press.
• Special Education For ADHD. (2011). Retrieved from Webmd website: http://www.webmd.com/add-
adhd/ss/slideshow-adhd-in-children
• Symptoms and Types. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Center for Learning Disabilities website:
http://www.ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/adhd-related-issues/adhd/adhd-general-information