R. Klingbeil, 2015. Water, Water Scarcity and Sustainable Development.

UN Economic And Social Commission For Western Asia
UNESCO-RFH Conference “Coping with Water Scarcity”
Beirut, Lebanon, 14-16 Dec 2015
Water, Water Scarcity and
Sustainable Development
Ralf Klingbeil, Regional Advisor Environment and Water
Inamo,2001.

Water and water scarcity in Lebanon
UNESCO-RFH Conference “Coping with Water Scarcity” Beirut, Lebanon, 14-16 Dec 2015
How much water will we have next year?
TheDailyStar,2015.Lebanon‘srainfalllevellessthan
average,14Dec2015.

Outline
• Water and water scarcity in Lebanon
• 2014 - an exceptional year of water scarcity?
• Is it necessary to prepare for water scarcity and drought?
• Water (and Sanitation) and the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• SDG 6: A dedicated SDG for water and sanitation
• Water in other SDGs
• Goals - Targets - Indicators
• Regional developments
• Is it necessary to prepare for sustainable development?

Why did we fail to provide
sufficient water to all people in
Lebanon in the summer of 2014 ?
Did we not know about the water
shortage to come ?
Could we have done better ?
Have we not been prepared ?
Why didn‘t we do better ?
Yes, we can ...
be prepared for future water
scarcity / drought and provide
better services for the people !

Water and scarcity in the MENA Region
Three Levels of
(Water) Scarcity
TheWorldBank,2007.MakingtheMostofScarcity.

“(…) Airport’s Bureau of Meteorology
told The Daily Star Wednesday that the
lack of rain so far this season is
considered “normal.” There is no
indication that this winter will witness
less rain than usual, an official at the
bureau said.”
2014 …
An exceptional water scarce year?
TheDailyStar,2013.WatershortageleavesBeirutisfuming,
TheDailyStar,2014.Droughtsputagriculture,tourismatrisk.

Reoccurring dry years have been common
in Lebanon’s recent history, with frequent
occurrence of 2 to 3 consecutive dry years
2014 …
A.Tayar,MEW,2014.EnsuringPreparednessforWater
ScarcityinLebanon.37thWSCGMeeting,March2014.

More critical
years:
2003-2004
2007-2008
2013-2014
2014 …
TuTiempo.net,2015.
http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-401000.html.

2014 …
TuTiempo.net,2015.
http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-401000.html.

2014 …
Groundwater, spring discharges affected
A.Margane,BGR,2014.

2014 …
Official reaction on drought: May 2014
ScarcityinLebanon.37thWSCGMeeting,May2014.
Water Scarcity Task Force
 High level of representation
 Chaired by the prime minister or his deputy
 Including ministries concerned with the water
sector
 Key role to engage Council of Ministries in
specific matters of national interest that involve
multiple ministries
Parliamentary
 Parliamentary
Committee for Public
Works, Transport, Energy
and Water
 Main role:
– Oversight on the
work of related
ministries
– Legislation in
concerned sectors
 3 meetings held so far to
discuss the issue of
water scarcity
Inter-Ministerial
 Chaired by the Minister of Energy and Water
 Including officially appointed representatives of
ministries concerned with the water sector
 First meeting held at MEW on May 8, 2014
 Key role to find and enforce solutions to address
water scarcity and engage inter-ministerial
committee if needed
Ministerial1 2
1.1
1.2

2014 …
Official reaction on drought: May 2014
ScarcityinLebanon.37thWSCGMeeting,May2014.
 Deputy Prime Minister, Chairman
 Minister of Energy and Water, Member
 Ministry of Agriculture, Member
 Ministry of Public Works and Transport,
Member
 Ministry of Industry, Member
 Ministry of Environment, Member
Composition
 Monitor the drought situation during the
summer season
 Follow up and advise concerned
institutions on recommendations to
overcome the crisis
 Provide proposals to Council of Ministers
to address the situation if/when needed
Responsibilities

2014 …
WASH Working Group: July 2014
WASHWorkingGroupLebanon,2014.UNHCR-UNICEF.
“This map shows those villages
in the Bekaa area facing water
scacrity. Villages have been
divided into rankings of high
medium and low. (…)”

July 2014:
MEW Water Conservation Campaign
MEW,2014.NationalWaterConservationCampaign,
started15July2014.

… but all through 2013-2014:
Blue Gold Advertising Campaign
CIH,2013.BlueGoldofLebanon.www.cihlebanon.org.

“Droughts are hard to avert, but their effects can be
mitigated. (...)
The price of preparedness is minimal compared to the
cost of disaster relief. Let us therefore shift from
managing crises to preparing for droughts and building
resilience.”
UN Secretary-General
Ban Ki-moon
World Day to
Combat Desertification
17 June 2013
Why to prepare for
water scarcity and drought?
Photo:Cornish,P.,2009.AustraliasDrought.

Experiences from the Region
Morocco:
Proactive Responses for Drought
Ouassou,A.etal.,2007.

Palestine:
Risk of Water Scarcity – VA Mapping
UNOCHA-PAL,2010.

Mediterranean Drought Preparedness
and Mitigation Planning (MEDROPLAN)
Gabiña,D.,MEDROPLAN,2013.

MEDROPLAN Proposed
Planning Framework: Operational
Gabiña,D.,MEDROPLAN,2013.

• Coordinate  Cooperate  Concerted Action
• National Strategy to Overcome Water Scarcity
(NaSOWaS)
• National Monitoring Network
• Research on Recharge Mechanisms
• Legal Basis for Rationalizing Water Use
Recommendations
for better preparedness
..
R.Klingbeil,2014.CopingwithWaterScarcityinLebanon?
SomeSuggestionsandApproachesBasedonExperiences
fromtheRegion.37thWSCGMeeting,March2014,
www.slideshare.net/RKlingbeil.

Water for Sustainable Development
Water (and Sanitation) and the
Water is key for:
• Poverty reduction
• Inclusive growth
• Public health
• Food security
• Lives of dignity for all
• Long-lasting harmony
with Earth’s essential
ecosystems
Cap-NetUNDP,2015and5thGlobalPrizeWinner,
KhushneetBhatia10Years,India,UNEP,21stInternational
Children'sPaintingCompetitionPhotoGallery.

Water (and Sanitation) and the
Water Connects and Enables
• Water is essential,
finite and vulnerable
• Water is a driver for
development and enables:
• Health
• Nature
• Urbanization
• Industry
• Energy
• Food
• Equality
Cap-NeUNDPandUN-Water,2015.

2030 Agenda for
25 Sep 2015:
The 193-Member United Nations General Assembly adopted
• 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, incl.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Development of
Indicators
• 17 Goals, 169 Targets, and
• How many and which Indicators?
• GREEN: Consensus
• YELLOW: Unresolved issues
• GREY: Lack of metadata, more discussion,
methodological questions
Challenges:
• Keep number of indicators limited,
• Maintaining ambition of all SDGs and their targets,
covering every aspect of all targets,
• Addressing issues of inequality,
• Covering all population groups.
http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs

2030 Agenda for
Goal 6 Ensure availability and
sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe
and affordable drinking water for all
6.1.1: Percentage of population using safely managed
drinking water services
6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation,
paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and
those in vulnerable situations
6.2.1: Percentage of population using safely managed
sanitation services

2030 Agenda for
6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution,
eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous
chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated
wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe
reuse globally
6.3.1: Percentage of wastewater safely treated,
disaggregated by economic activity
6.3.2: Percentage of receiving water bodies with ambient
water quality not presenting risk to the environment or
human health

2030 Agenda for
6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency
across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and
supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and
substantially reduce the number of people suffering from
water scarcity
6.4.1: Percentage change in water use efficiency over time.
6.4.2: Percentage of total available water resources used,
taking environmental water requirements into account
(Level of Water Stress)

2030 Agenda for
6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources
management at all levels, including through transboundary
cooperation as appropriate
6.5.1: Degree of integrated water resources management
(IWRM) implementation (0-100)
6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems,
including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and
lakes
6.6.1: Percentage of change in fresh water ecosystems

2030 Agenda for
6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-
building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-
related activities and programmes, including water harvesting,
desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and
reuse technologies
6.a.1: ODA for water and sanitation related activities and
programmes
6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities
in improving water and sanitation management
6.b.1: Percentage of local administrative units with established
and operational policies and procedures for participation of
local communities in water and sanitation management

Mapping of Stakeholders
per Goal / Target / Indicator

• Most SDGs depending on water: Water institutions to be
aware of links to all SDGs – not only SDG 6
• National Coordination among government institutions,
ideally under independent government body / Cabinet
• Mapping of Stakeholders per Goal / Target / Indicator
• Lead Institutions per Goal / Target / Indicator, plan for
consultation with stakeholders … and civil society / public !!!
• Data !!! National Statistical Office to seek active cooperation
with sector institution and vice versa
• Funding for core concerns and capacity development of
government staff to improve monitoring quality
Conclusions and
Recommendations

R. Klingbeil, 2015. Water, Water Scarcity and Sustainable Development.

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R. Klingbeil, 2015. Water, Water Scarcity and Sustainable Development.