Personality theories and ego defense

1. Personality
Presented by:
Rahul Singh Gusain
Msc nursing Ist year

2. Introduction
Personality is the total quality of an individual behavior as it is shown in
this habits of thinking, in this attitude , interest , his manner of acting and
his personal philosophy of life .

3. Definition
Personality is defined as the most characteristics integration of an
individuals structure , model of behavior , interests, attitude,
capacities, abilities and attitude .

4. Components of personality
Physical appearance:-
It refers to the physique of an individual .it is judge by looks and
alertness of individual.
Success and failure is determined personal appearance , weight ,
complexion but also voice , dress and others.

5. Character
Refers to the ethical or moral aspect of a personality , which one
possess.
Characteristics of personality
• unique & specific
• Self-consciousness
• Social interaction
• Dynamic
• Strive for goals

6. Intelligence
• Capacity to learn and solve problems and adjust to relatively.
• Well balanced personality in which intelligence is supplemented by
healthy social being.

7. Behavior
• Reflection of personality
• Dependent on our feeling and party on the expectation of the society.
• Behavior may be gentle, kind, affectionate, balanced, submissive or
aggressive.

8. Sociability
• Trait is present in varying degree in different people. Young child is
inclined to be extremely selfish-self centered. Gradually he learns to
share his things and experience with others.
• Co-operation in childhood lays the foundation of social solidarity at
the adult level.

9. Emotional
• Persons emotions also go into the makeup of his personality.
• Powerful role to play in personality. Emotional stability and maturity
is required for healthy personality is judged by the level of
consistency exhibited in his/her behavior.

10. Temperament
• Refers to the deep rooted emotional trends present in an individual.
• It is result of selection of endocrine glands as well as habit formation
• Plays role in one’s ability to adjust to his/her environment.

11. Interest
Refers to a felt need . It is connected to aspect ,the need to know, feel
& perform.

12. Psychological factors
• Motives
• Attitudes
• Intellectual capacities such as intelligence, reasoning & perception.
These factors determine our reaction in various situations & thus
affect our personality growth & direction.

13. Theories of personality
• Psychoanalytical theory
• Freud(1939) father of psychoanalytical theory is believed to be the
first to identify the development by stages.
• He believed that the first 5 years of a child to be the most important ,
as he believed that an individuals basic characters had been formed
by the age of five

14. Structure of personality
• Id
Pleasure principle
Aims to achieve immediate gratification
• Ego
Rational self and reality principle
• Superego
Perfection principle

15. Dynamics of personality
• Conscious
• Pre-conscious
• Unconsciousness

16. Topography of the mind
• Psychic energy
It originates in the ID and instinctively fulfills basic physiologically needs
called libido.
• Cathexis:-
Process by which the id invest energy into an object in an attempt to
achieve gratification
• Anti cathexis :-It is the use of psychic energy by the ego and the
superego to control the ID impulse

18. Stages of personality development/
psychosocial development
Sigmund Freud described formation of personality through 5 stages of
psychosocial development.
• Oral stage
• Anal stage
• Phallic stage
• Latency stage
• Genital stage

20. Psychosocial theory
Erik . H. Erikson 1902 built psychosocial theories on the basis
of Freuds theories by identifying development stages
Erickson’s eight life stages

22. Types of personality
Hippocrates (about 400 BC), Father of medicine classified people into
four types depending on which body fluid is predominant.

23. Sheldon’s classification

24. Carl Jung classification

25. Introverted

26. Nurses & personality
• Need to know the basic structure of personality for providing
effective care in the community and hospital setup.
• Interaction with different individual every day, so evaluation of
character personality is essential
• Acquire skills and correct knowledge along with strong personality
• Multi dimensional personality so nurse should develop & practice
well adjusted personality.

27. Contd..
• Nurse should understand the emotional reaction & difficulties which
have been caused by illness.
• Total quality of an individual’s behavior, as it shown in the thinking ,
attitudes, interest ,members of acting and personal philosophy.
• Incorporates sociocultural concepts into the development of
personality.

28. Summary

29. Conclusion
Personality is something that enables a person to
stand out him/her distinct from others. It is total
quality of an individual behavior.
It is dynamic thing it grows with social group setup.
It is different in each person affected by one’s
factors influencing personality.

30. Bibliography
• I clement textbook on psychology for nursing, Jaypee page no.222-248
• Jacob Anthikad . Psychology & sociology for Gnm & Bpt jaypee. Page no
115-130
• Benjamin j.sadock, Virginia , Kaplan clinical psychiatry 8TH Edition page
no.350-355
• Mary C Townsend psychiatric mental health Nursing, jaypee page no
32-38
Internet references
http://en.m.Wikipedia.org
www.apa.org.psychologytoipcs

31. Thank you