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1 de 21
Semi 2013-2
Física C
Apostila 1
Página: 61
Prof. César – Pezão
Página 62
Carga do próton:
Carga do elétron:
Carga do nêutron:
Átomo neutro:
Positiva: +
Negativa: –
Nula
No
de elétrons = No
de prótons
Íon negativo ou Ânion:
Átomo (X) que ganhou um ou mais elétrons
Íon positivo ou Cátion:
Átomo (X) que perdeu um ou mais elétrons
X
_
→ ganhou 1 elétron
X
_ _
→ ganhou 2 elétrons
X+
→ perdeu 1 elétron
X++
→ perdeu 2 elétrons
Página 61
Corpo neutro ou descarregado:
No
de elétrons = No
de prótons
−
+
+
−
+
− +
− +
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
− +
−
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+ −
+
Página 61
Corpo eletrizado negativamente:
Ganhou elétrons No
de elétrons > No
de prótons
−
+
+
−
+
− +
− +
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
− +
−
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+ −
+
Página 61
Corpo eletrizado positivamente:
Perdeu elétrons No
de elétrons < No
de prótons
−
+
+
−
+
− +
− +
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
− +
−
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
+ −
+
Página 61
IMPORTANTE:
A carga elétrica de um corpo está
sempre associada ao excesso ou à
falta de elétrons nesse corpo.
Condutores e Isolantes no estado sólido:
Os metais são bons condutores porque
possuem elétrons livres, que podem se
mover livremente através de toda a sua
estrutura cristalina.
Os isolantes não possuem cargas livres
em sua estrutura ... E, além disso, não
permitem o deslocamento de partículas
carregadas através de si.
Página 62
Eletrização por atrito:
Página 62
Eletrização por atrito:
Página 62
Eletrização por atrito:
PRINCÍPIO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA
CARGA ELÉTRICA
Página 62
Série Triboelétrica:
Trecho de uma
Série Triboelétrica
Perdeu elétrons
Ganhou elétrons
Página 63
TEMP...
Carga elétrica elementar:
Quantização da carga elétrica:
TEMP...
Contato EXTERNO entre dois condutores iguais
Eletrização por contato:
No equilíbrio os dois corpos armazenam a mesma
quantidade de cargas.
Ligação de corpos metálicos à Terra:
TEMP...
Indução Eletrostática:
Quando aproximamos um corpo eletrizado de um corpo
neutro, ocorre o fenômeno da indução eletrostática, ou seja, a
separação de cargas no corpo neutro (induzido) devido à
presença do indutor eletrizado.Nesse processo o induzido e o
indutor sempre se atraem.
Eletrização por Indução:

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Aula 01 semi-2013-1