SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 22
IBUS2301:
International Business Management
Tutorial #9, May 12 and 13
Chapter 12: International Business Strategy
Tutor: Preston Teeter, p.teeter@business.uq.edu.au
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
Outline
• Billabong’s international strategy
• Four basic strategies
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
BILLABONG’S
INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
Billabong
• 80% sales international
• Brand’s collections are licensed and distributed in
over 100 countries, 10,000 outlets
• Majority of sales through wholly-owned operations
in Australia, Europe, S. Africa, Brazil, N. America,
New Zealand, and Japan
• Began as wholesaler, later started opening own
stores
Source: abc.net.au
Source: Google Finance
Source: smartcompany.com.au
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
Billabong
Billabong’s board has invited two consulting
groups to analyze their situation and present
their recommendations on how Billabong
should move forward with their international
business strategy.
• 8 minutes to prepare, 2 minutes to present
Source: Retailbiz.com.au
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
FOUR BASIC STRATEGIES
5/13/2014
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
Strategy
1. What is strategy?
•Actions that managers take to attain the
goals of the firm
2. What are the determinants of enterprise
value?
3. What are the two basic strategies for creating
value and attaining competitive advantage?
Determinants of Enterprise Value
Strategic Choice in the
International Hotel Industry
The Value Chain
5/13/2014
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
Global Standardization
• Global low-cost strategy
• Ex. industrial goods
International
• Minimal customization and
cost reductions
• Ex. Xerox in 1960s
Transnational
• Low-cost & customization
• Ex. Caterpillar (see text)
Localization (Multidomestic)
• Global customization
• Ex. Automobiles
(historically)
Four Strategies
Four Basic Strategies
5/13/2014
IBUS2301:
Int’l Business Mgmt
Local
Responsiveness
Where do pressures for local responsiveness
arise from?
• Differences in…
• customer tastes and preferences
• infrastructure
• traditional practices
• distribution channels
• host-government demands
Source:Minyanville.com
Source:Minyanville.com
+
Source: hipbip.com
McDonald’s France
What is the top-selling car in each country?
Ford F-Series
Morris Mini
Ford Falcon
Volkswagen Golf
Questions?

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

Chapter 8 international strategy
Chapter 8 international strategyChapter 8 international strategy
Chapter 8 international strategy
Dr. Lam D. Nguyen
 
Linking corporate strategy with hr strategy
Linking corporate strategy with hr strategyLinking corporate strategy with hr strategy
Linking corporate strategy with hr strategy
Smit Dave
 

Destaque (9)

Chapter 8 international strategy
Chapter 8 international strategyChapter 8 international strategy
Chapter 8 international strategy
 
Aligning HR to Business Strategy
Aligning HR to Business StrategyAligning HR to Business Strategy
Aligning HR to Business Strategy
 
Linking corporate strategy with hr strategy
Linking corporate strategy with hr strategyLinking corporate strategy with hr strategy
Linking corporate strategy with hr strategy
 
International Strategies
International StrategiesInternational Strategies
International Strategies
 
Business ethics ethical theory
Business ethics   ethical theoryBusiness ethics   ethical theory
Business ethics ethical theory
 
International Business (BBA MBA)
International Business (BBA MBA)International Business (BBA MBA)
International Business (BBA MBA)
 
Market entry strategies
Market entry strategiesMarket entry strategies
Market entry strategies
 
Strategic analysis of unilever (USLP 2012-2013)
Strategic analysis of unilever (USLP 2012-2013)Strategic analysis of unilever (USLP 2012-2013)
Strategic analysis of unilever (USLP 2012-2013)
 
Strategy Management of Ford Motor Company.
Strategy Management of Ford Motor Company.Strategy Management of Ford Motor Company.
Strategy Management of Ford Motor Company.
 

Semelhante a IBUS2301 - Tutorial #9 - Chapter 12 - international Business Strategy

Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)
Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)
Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)
RyanJeff Brual
 
07 iyb factsheet march 2007
07 iyb factsheet march 200707 iyb factsheet march 2007
07 iyb factsheet march 2007
imecommunity
 
Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016
Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016
Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016
emily brazill
 
Chapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docx
Chapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docxChapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docx
Chapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docx
walterl4
 
Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015
Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015
Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015
Channel Marketing Group
 

Semelhante a IBUS2301 - Tutorial #9 - Chapter 12 - international Business Strategy (20)

gbcv2015
gbcv2015gbcv2015
gbcv2015
 
CAMMS UK Performance Management Summit 2017 - Slide Deck
CAMMS UK Performance Management Summit 2017 - Slide DeckCAMMS UK Performance Management Summit 2017 - Slide Deck
CAMMS UK Performance Management Summit 2017 - Slide Deck
 
Introduction to Venture Capital IPIAM
Introduction to Venture Capital IPIAMIntroduction to Venture Capital IPIAM
Introduction to Venture Capital IPIAM
 
Modern Marketing Principles and Video Case Studies
Modern Marketing Principles and Video Case StudiesModern Marketing Principles and Video Case Studies
Modern Marketing Principles and Video Case Studies
 
Uba annual report 2009
Uba annual report 2009Uba annual report 2009
Uba annual report 2009
 
Analysis of AIA Australia
Analysis of AIA AustraliaAnalysis of AIA Australia
Analysis of AIA Australia
 
Bimohair Case
Bimohair CaseBimohair Case
Bimohair Case
 
Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)
Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)
Group1PROJECT-2PizzaCo (1)
 
Ultimate efficiency hacks webinar
Ultimate efficiency hacks webinarUltimate efficiency hacks webinar
Ultimate efficiency hacks webinar
 
07 iyb factsheet march 2007
07 iyb factsheet march 200707 iyb factsheet march 2007
07 iyb factsheet march 2007
 
Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016
Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016
Emily_Brazill_CVMay2016
 
Chapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docx
Chapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docxChapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docx
Chapter 191. Textbook question 10 on page 591 and discuss wit.docx
 
A presentation to international seminar 15 jul 14 in Bandung, by Fairprice
A presentation to international seminar 15 jul 14 in Bandung, by FairpriceA presentation to international seminar 15 jul 14 in Bandung, by Fairprice
A presentation to international seminar 15 jul 14 in Bandung, by Fairprice
 
EG2008 John Grace And Jane Robinson
EG2008 John Grace And Jane RobinsonEG2008 John Grace And Jane Robinson
EG2008 John Grace And Jane Robinson
 
Resume February 2016 Colin Jones
Resume February 2016 Colin JonesResume February 2016 Colin Jones
Resume February 2016 Colin Jones
 
Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015
Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015
Channel Marketing Group - Thinking About Today Planning for Tomorrow - Sept 2015
 
AllisonCupillariCV_2014_12
AllisonCupillariCV_2014_12AllisonCupillariCV_2014_12
AllisonCupillariCV_2014_12
 
Bad Rhino Philly Ad Club Social Media Presentation
Bad Rhino Philly Ad Club Social Media PresentationBad Rhino Philly Ad Club Social Media Presentation
Bad Rhino Philly Ad Club Social Media Presentation
 
Business & Financial Planning for Enterprise Ireland Finance 4 Growth Mar 15
Business & Financial Planning for Enterprise Ireland Finance 4 Growth Mar 15Business & Financial Planning for Enterprise Ireland Finance 4 Growth Mar 15
Business & Financial Planning for Enterprise Ireland Finance 4 Growth Mar 15
 
My Fund Raising Journey
My Fund Raising JourneyMy Fund Raising Journey
My Fund Raising Journey
 

Mais de Preston Teeter, PhD

Mais de Preston Teeter, PhD (20)

Mgts7301 - lecture 7 - business model analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 7 - business model analysisMgts7301 - lecture 7 - business model analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 7 - business model analysis
 
Mgts7301 - lecture 6 - business portfolio analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 6 - business portfolio analysisMgts7301 - lecture 6 - business portfolio analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 6 - business portfolio analysis
 
Mgts7301 - lecture 5 - internal analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 5 - internal analysisMgts7301 - lecture 5 - internal analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 5 - internal analysis
 
Mgts7301 - lecture 4 - industry analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 4 - industry analysisMgts7301 - lecture 4 - industry analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 4 - industry analysis
 
Mgts7301 - lecture 3 - external and international analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 3 - external and international analysisMgts7301 - lecture 3 - external and international analysis
Mgts7301 - lecture 3 - external and international analysis
 
Mgts7301 - lecture 2 - structured problem solving
Mgts7301 - lecture 2 - structured problem solvingMgts7301 - lecture 2 - structured problem solving
Mgts7301 - lecture 2 - structured problem solving
 
Mgts7301 - lecture 1 - course introduction
Mgts7301 - lecture 1 - course introductionMgts7301 - lecture 1 - course introduction
Mgts7301 - lecture 1 - course introduction
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 9 - International Entry Strategy
BUSS2067 - Lecture 9 - International Entry StrategyBUSS2067 - Lecture 9 - International Entry Strategy
BUSS2067 - Lecture 9 - International Entry Strategy
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 8 - Global Strategic Structure
BUSS2067 - Lecture 8 - Global Strategic StructureBUSS2067 - Lecture 8 - Global Strategic Structure
BUSS2067 - Lecture 8 - Global Strategic Structure
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 7 - Emerging Markets
BUSS2067 - Lecture 7 - Emerging MarketsBUSS2067 - Lecture 7 - Emerging Markets
BUSS2067 - Lecture 7 - Emerging Markets
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 5 - international Trade
BUSS2067 - Lecture 5 - international TradeBUSS2067 - Lecture 5 - international Trade
BUSS2067 - Lecture 5 - international Trade
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 4 - Cultural Environment of International Business
BUSS2067 - Lecture 4  - Cultural Environment of International BusinessBUSS2067 - Lecture 4  - Cultural Environment of International Business
BUSS2067 - Lecture 4 - Cultural Environment of International Business
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 3 - Participants in International Business
BUSS2067 - Lecture 3 - Participants in International BusinessBUSS2067 - Lecture 3 - Participants in International Business
BUSS2067 - Lecture 3 - Participants in International Business
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 2 - Globalization
BUSS2067 - Lecture 2 - GlobalizationBUSS2067 - Lecture 2 - Globalization
BUSS2067 - Lecture 2 - Globalization
 
BUSS2067 - Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of International Business
BUSS2067 - Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of International BusinessBUSS2067 - Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of International Business
BUSS2067 - Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of International Business
 
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #11 - Chapters 15 and 17 - international Business Operations
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #11 - Chapters 15 and 17 - international Business OperationsIBUS2301 - Tutorial #11 - Chapters 15 and 17 - international Business Operations
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #11 - Chapters 15 and 17 - international Business Operations
 
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #10 - international Business Organization
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #10 - international Business OrganizationIBUS2301 - Tutorial #10 - international Business Organization
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #10 - international Business Organization
 
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #8 - Chapters 13 and 14 - Entering Foreign Markets, Expor...
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #8 - Chapters 13 and 14 - Entering Foreign Markets, Expor...IBUS2301 - Tutorial #8 - Chapters 13 and 14 - Entering Foreign Markets, Expor...
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #8 - Chapters 13 and 14 - Entering Foreign Markets, Expor...
 
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #7 - Chapters 10 and 11 - Foreign Exchange (FX) Market
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #7 - Chapters 10 and 11 - Foreign Exchange (FX) MarketIBUS2301 - Tutorial #7 - Chapters 10 and 11 - Foreign Exchange (FX) Market
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #7 - Chapters 10 and 11 - Foreign Exchange (FX) Market
 
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #6 - Chapter 4 - Differences in Culture
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #6 - Chapter 4 - Differences in CultureIBUS2301 - Tutorial #6 - Chapter 4 - Differences in Culture
IBUS2301 - Tutorial #6 - Chapter 4 - Differences in Culture
 

Último

Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
dlhescort
 
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
amitlee9823
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
dollysharma2066
 
Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...
Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...
Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...
lizamodels9
 
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
amitlee9823
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
lizamodels9
 
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Sheetaleventcompany
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
amitlee9823
 
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
dlhescort
 

Último (20)

Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
 
BAGALUR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
BAGALUR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRLBAGALUR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
BAGALUR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
 
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting platform in india
Falcon Invoice Discounting platform in indiaFalcon Invoice Discounting platform in india
Falcon Invoice Discounting platform in india
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Mahipalpur Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
 
Business Model Canvas (BMC)- A new venture concept
Business Model Canvas (BMC)-  A new venture conceptBusiness Model Canvas (BMC)-  A new venture concept
Business Model Canvas (BMC)- A new venture concept
 
B.COM Unit – 4 ( CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ( CSR ).pptx
B.COM Unit – 4 ( CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ( CSR ).pptxB.COM Unit – 4 ( CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ( CSR ).pptx
B.COM Unit – 4 ( CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ( CSR ).pptx
 
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsValue Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
 
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
 
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration PresentationUneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
 
Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
 
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdfDr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
 
Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...
Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...
Call Girls In DLf Gurgaon ➥99902@11544 ( Best price)100% Genuine Escort In 24...
 
Phases of Negotiation .pptx
 Phases of Negotiation .pptx Phases of Negotiation .pptx
Phases of Negotiation .pptx
 
The Path to Product Excellence: Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Enhancing Commun...
The Path to Product Excellence: Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Enhancing Commun...The Path to Product Excellence: Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Enhancing Commun...
The Path to Product Excellence: Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Enhancing Commun...
 
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
 
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
 
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
 

IBUS2301 - Tutorial #9 - Chapter 12 - international Business Strategy