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1. OSTEOARTHRITIS
By,
Pranav khawale,
BNYS(2nd year)

2. CONTENTS
• Definition
• Classification
• Etiology
• Risk Factors
• Signs and Symptoms
• Differential Diagnosis
• Diagnosis
• Treatment Options
• Magneto therapy
• References

3. DEFINITION
• Osteoarthritis is characterized by degenerative
joint changes that cause
– Pain
– Tenderness
– limited range of motion
– Crepitus
– Inflammation

4. CLASSIFICATION
• Primary OA :
– The common joints affected are the weight
bearing joints
– It commonly affects knees, hips, lumbar or
cervical spine
• Secondary OA :
– It occurs in any joint that might have sustained
injury due to trauma or gout or
inflammation, some years ago, which goes on
produce wear & tear changes

5. ETIOLOGY
• Primary osteoarthritis appears to be caused by
the cumulative effects of repetitive occupational
or recreational joint use (with professions such as
baseball pitchers, ballet dancers, dock workers)
• which leads to a destruction of the cartilage
when individuals are in their 50s and 60s
• Degenerative changes are usually age-
related, but may also occur as a result of
fractures and other mechanical abnormalities

6. ETIOLOGY cont…
• There may also be a genetic predisposition
• Secondary osteoarthritis is associated with an
underlying medical condition (e.g., Wilson's
disease, acromegaly, hemochromatosis, hypop
arathyroidism)
• which can often be treated, resulting in a
resolution of the osteoarthritis

7. ETIOLOGY cont…
• Bony hypertrophy causing gross deformities
• Limited range of motion
• Subluxation (incomplete or partial dislocation)

8. Risk Factors
• Increasing age
• Genetic predisposition
• Obesity
• Major trauma
• History of inflammatory joint disease
• Metabolic disorders
(e.g., hemochromatosis, acromegaly, calcium
pyrophosphate deposition disease [CPPD])
• Congenital bone and joint disorders
• Certain occupations (e.g., baseball players, ballet
dancers, dock workers)

10. Signs and Symptoms
• Morning stiffness or stiffness after inactivity
for less than 15 minutes
• Joint pain, worsened by movement and
improved with rest (in severe cases, constant
pain)
• Soft tissue swelling
• Bony crepitus (crackling noise with
movement)

11. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Septic arthritis
• Bursitis
• Neuropathy
• Osteoporosis
• Metastatic bone disease
• Gout

12. DIAGNOSIS
• Laboratory Tests-
– Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
– Urinalysis
– Synovial fluid analysis to rule out
CPPD, gout, septic arthritis
– Serum analysis to rule out RA factor.

13. DIAGNOSIS cont…
• Pathology/Pathophysiology
– Irregular loss of cartilage, especially in weight-bearing
joints
– Joint space narrowing
– Synovial inflammation (synovitis)
– Bony sclerosis (eburnation)
– Bone cysts
– Increased number of osteophytes (spurs) at joint
margins, the radiologic hallmark of osteoarthritis
– Periarticular muscle wasting
– Areas of cartilagenous repair, but inferior repair tissue
– Gross deformity, loose bodies, and subluxation

14. DIAGNOSIS cont…
• Imaging
– X rays—to detect joint space narrowing as cartilage is
lost, bony sclerosis, bony cysts, osteophytosis
– Arthroscopy—to diagnose osteoarthritis
– Myelography—to evaluate patients preoperatively

15. TREATMENT OPTIONS
• Drug Therapies
• Nutrition
• Herbs
• Homeopathy
• Physical Medicine
• Acupuncture
• Massage
• Magneto Therapy

16. MAGNETO THERAPY
• Magnetic belt
• Magnet application on joint
• Magnetized water
• Magnetic charged oil massage

17. MAGNETO THERAPY cont…
• Magnetic belt

18. MAGNET APPLICATION ON JOINT

19. MAGNETIZED WATER

20. MAGNETIC CHARGED OIL MASSAGE

21. REFERENCES
• Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et
al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine. 14th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-
Hill, 1998:1935-1941
• Kelly WN. Textbook of Internal Medicine. 3rd
ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven;
1997:1121-1124
• Harsh Mohan – pathology book; 5 th Edition
• Magneto therapy book