1.
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
MARRIAGE

2.
MARRIAGE
• It is a social institution in which a male and female
establish the permanent relationship as a husband and
wife that is approved by social ceremony.
- It is contract –western society
- Sacred bone – Hindus
• It provides legitimacy for sex, sexuality and
reproduction.
• It is also and economic cell supported by mode of
production and resources.
• It is relatively permanent bond between permissible
mates.

3.
• Alfred MacClung Lee- Marriage is a public
joining together under social specified
relations of a man and women as husband
and wife.
• The social forces for marital status are:
- Economy and resources
- Occupational nature
- Migrations
- Impact of freedom
- Choice along with existing survival

4.
Major types/Forms of marriage
1. Group Marriage
a) Polyandry (one wife many husband)
b) Polygamy (one husband many wives)
2. Monogamy (one husband one wife)
3. Experimental marriage

5.
1. Group Marriage:
• It is marriage of two or more women with two or more
men.
• Group marriage was practiced in first stage of human
evolutions
• In that stage men used to be hunters and women used
to be gathers as a mode of production.
• Wild fruits, nuts, yams, raw meats, natural edibles
were main food items.
• They used to stay together in the caves and society was
categorized by promiscuity in character.
• There was no sexual barrier so children could be a
common children of group.
• Some of tribes in Australia, Polynesia and Latin
America used to practiced this marriage till hydraulic
civilization.

6.
a. Polyandry
• Marriage of one woman with more than one man
is Polyandry marriage.
• The less number of women, extreme poverty,
extreme bride price, backwards and ignorance etc
shape this marriage.
• It was practiced by Marquesas' and Polynesia,
Yaruro of Venezuela and Tibetian Bhotias.
• It has two forms:
i. Fraternal Polyandry
ii. Non-fraternal polyandry

7.
i) Fraternal Polyandry
• It is where one wife is regarded the wife of all
brothers of the same household
• The children are treated as the offspring of the
eldest brother.
• Tobas of Malabar, Namib busman in Africa,
Tibetian Botes of upper Mustang and Dolpa
districts in Nepal are some examples.
• But due to academic and economic
empowerment younger generation is leaving this
practice according to Anthropology.

8.
ii) Non-Fraternal polyandry
• It is where a woman has many husbands with
whom she cohabits in turn.
• Here is no necessary that the brothers should
be from same household
• If the child is born then anyone husband is
chosen in a special ritual for social pretending.
• It was practiced by Malay tribe in Peninsula.

9.
B. Polygamy
• One man more wives
• Related to the institutions of slavery
• It came to into existence during the landlordism
• Reason for this practice are: high production in
agriculture, need of cheap and reliable labors in
agriculture, economic prosperity, desires of more
children, social prestige, enforced celibacy
• It was practiced through out the world in agro-
base economy.

10.
i) Sororal Polygamy
• wives are invariably the sisters from the same
houses.
• Reasons: Women had no social status, neither
academic and economic empowerment nor
law order in their favor.
• The death of the wives and her childlessness
used to be compensate by supplying new
spouse who used to be younger sisters
gradually from the same household.

11.
ii) Non-Sororal Polygamy
• Man gets number of wives but not from the
same household
• Reasons: economic advantage, agriculture and
animal husbandry

12.
2. Monogamy
• One husband one wife
• It is most ideal and civilized which is accepted
universally.
• Aristotle, renowned Greek scholar had recommended
this marriage for the empowerment of women and
population control.
• It is the provision of – better understanding,
economically suited, high social status for women,
conjugal family life and psychological integration of
children with proper socialization.
• educational empowerment, economic opportunities,
industrial or machine based production, provision of
law and social practices made this marriage ideal and
convenient.

13.
3. Experimental marriage
• It is being developed in industrialized
countries.
• During this experiment they would become
acquainted to each other.
• It is normal in western countries.
• It is also termed as cohabitation in a modern
term

14.
Other forms of marriages
• Concubine: living together
• Hyper gamy: marriage of daughter in noble
family
• Anuloma : inter caste marriage
Companionate, marriage, court marriage,
capture marriage, love marriage, elope
marriage.