These are questions and answers to help students with studying bio. and working on knowing the content , also to practise

1. The Characteristics of Life - life exists almost everywhere on earth earth possesses a great
variety of diverse life forms all living things have certain characteristics in common are
organized reproduce and develop respond to stimuli are homeostatic grow and develop have
capacity to adapt organism (a living thing) - You must have all the characteristics of life in order
to be considered an _____________ Levels of Biological Organization - Atom, molecule, cell,
tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere Cell -
Smallest unit of life tissue - a group of similar cells that perform a particular function organ -
several tissues join together to form an ___________ organ system - organs work together to
form an ______________ complex - each level has a characteristic added that makes it more
_________ than the level below it Energy - ability to do work Metabolism - all chemical
reactions to sastain life breaking down and building up (muscle, brain cell, etc) ALL chemical
reactions Reproduction - process of producing a new individual of the same kind (make more of
itself) development - change over time Genes - units of information within an individual's DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - what does DNA stand for? avoiding injury, acquiring food, or mating -
behavior is directed towards: Homeostasis - "staying the same" refers to the requirement that
organisms maintain a relatively constant internal environment ex: human body temperature
Growth - increase in size or number of cells Development - changes that take place from
conceptions to death Adaptations - are features that make individuals organisms better suited
to the new environment pH blood range - 7.35-7.45 Natural selection - how evolution happens
(mechanism of evolution) results in change over time Evolution - Change over time (small
changes over lots of time) last characteristic of life Taxonomy - sorting things (branch of biology
concerned with identifying, naming organisms, and describing) Systematics - whole groups
(study of the diversity of life for the purpose of understanding the evolutionary relationships
between species) 8 organism classifications - domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family,
genus, species domain - largest classification category Domain Archaea, Domain Bacteria,
Eukarya - based upon biochemical and genetic evidence scientists have identified 3 domains:
prokaryotes - both domain archaea and domain bacteria contain single-celled
___________________ (unicellular) prokaryotes - organisms that lack a nucleus and the
membrane bound organelles that are typically found in eukaryotes eukaryotic cells (a true
nucleus) - domain eukarya include: Domain Archaea - Live in extreme environments
extremeophiles (love extreme environments) -too little 02, too salty, too hot, or too acidic for
most other organisms Domain Bacteria - bacteria found almost everywhere on the planet earth
some are present within humans some bacteria cause disease but many are beneficial Domain
Eukarya - (Eukaryotes) are further categorized into 4 kingdoms: Kingdom Protista, Kingdom
Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia Categories of Classification (most inclusive to least) -
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genes, Species Domain Eukarya - cells with
nuclei Kingdom Animalia - multicellular, motile, ingestion of food Phylum Chordata - dorsal
supporting rod and nerve cord Class mammalia Order Primates - hair, mammary glands adapted
to climb trees Family hominidae - adapted to walk erect genes homo - large brain, tool use
species homo sapiens - body characteristics similar to modern humans binomial means - two
names biology - study of life bio-life ology-study goal of science - to know, gain new knowledge

2. observation - seeing with eyes, using senses scientific names - Homo sapiens Pisum sativum
Felis domesticus *must be Capital then lowercase and italicized scientific method - biologist and
all scientists generally test hypotheses using ____________________ scientific method - a
standard series of steps used in gaining new knowledge hypothesis - educated guess
Observation - natural phenomena may be better understood by observing and studying them
only questions about natural phenomena can be answered with science scientists use their
senses to make observations they can extend their abilities by using instruments inductive
reasoning - make observation to general statement using scientific observations and the
process of logic and reasoning to arrive at general scientific principles 1. testable 2. falsifiable
(verifiable)-prove that hypothesis is false (right or wrong) - a hypothesis must always be two
things: deductive reasoning - to determine how to test a hypothesis involves "if/then" logic
Prediction - step of the scientific process that follows the formulation of a hypothesis and
assists in creating the experimental design experimental design - is the manner in which a
scientists intends to conduct an experiment Experimental variable (independent variable) -
factor of the experiment being tested (normally in the "if/then" logic comes after the if. is the
variable that is changed to create the "then" Response variable (dependent variable) - what i
expect to happen result or change that to occur (usually comes after the "then" in a hypothesis
statement" the outcome of the change in the experiment control group - sample that goes
through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested model - a
representation of an actual subject for example: computer modeling to study climate changes
mice to perform cancer research conclusion - is the analysis of the data to determine if the
hypothesis can be supported or not