Presentation given to the Gordon Research Conference May 2019 in Les Diablerets

1. "Mineralization of CO2 and the Beneficial Use of Its Products"
Gordon Research Conference
Date: 9th May 2019
Location: Les Diablerets (Suisse)
"Mineralization of CO2 and the Beneficial Use of Its Products"
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2. MSc Pol Knops
Mineralization
1963: 317 ppm
2019: 415 ppm

3. Mineralisation
CO2 utilization / CCS / Permanent CO2 sequestration
Direct Air Capture
Negative CO2 emissions
Unknown solution
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4. Presentation
Introduction course
Ambient mineralization
Accelerated mineralization
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5. © 1990 NaturePublishing Group
Switzerland
Seifritz
Nature 1990
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6. Inspiration: Wallace Broecker
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7. Global CO2 balance
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8. Carbon Deposits
Amount (C)
(X 10E15 kg)
Relative
(%)
Limestone (CaCO3) 35.000 47%
Dolomites (CaCO3MgCO3) 25.000 33%
Sedimentary carbon 15.000 20%
Recoverable fossil fuels 4 0,005%
Oceanic HCO3- CO32- 42 0,056%
Dead Surficial Carbon (humus, peat) 3 0,004%
Atmospheric CO2 0,72 0,00095%
Biomass 0,56 0,0007%
Anthropogenic emissions 0,008/year
Natural (volcanic) 0,00005 /yr (1%)
“Live”
“Dead”
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9. Historical view of mineralization
Products
Products
Products
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10. Markets
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Products
Products
Products

11. Mineralization Landscape
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
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12. Companies active in Mineralization
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8 Colin Hills
• Carbstone Giulia Costa
Olivine
• Green Minerals (RWTH, myself)
Serpentine:
• MCint. (Newcastle AU)
Olivine
•greenSand
(Deltares, WUR)
Mine tailings
• De Beers
(Gregory Dipple) David
Beerling
Cement
•CarbonCure, Solidia,
carbicrete etc.
Brines
•XX
•Pascale Bénézeth
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13. Carbon8
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14. Chemical reaction
Coal
Gaseous CO2
Solid Carbonate
ΔH = 11,1 MJ/kg CO2
80%
ΔH = 2,7 MJ/kg CO2
20%
“The ground energy state of carbon
is a mineral carbonate”
Olivine:
Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 2H2O => 2Mg2+ + 4HCO3
- + SiO2
Mg2SiO4 + 2CO2 => 2MgCO3 + SiO2
[∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]
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15. End of the course
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16. Ambient weathering
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8 Colin Hills
• Carbstone Guilia Costa
Olivine
• Green Minerals (RWTH, myself)
Serpentine:
• MCint. (Newcastle AU)
Olivine
•greenSand
(Deltares, WUR)
Mine tailings
• De Beers
(Gregory Dipple) David
Beerling
•Pascale Bénézeth
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17. Olivine Conference 2012
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18. Mineralization Agricultural tests
•Wageningen
•Antwerp
•Dutch NIOZ
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19. Olivine publications
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20. Excel model
Input:
• k-factor
• temperature
• pH
• Particle Size Distribution
• time steps
Assumptions:
• Shrinking core
Output:
• CO2 sequestered
• Magnesium release (& Nickel)
• Alkalinity
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21. Results model
Sand
(0-3 mm)
Based:
- pH rainwater
- Full contact
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22. Results model
Sand
(0-3 mm)
Based:
- pH sea-water
- Full contact
pH Rain 5.5
pH Sea 7.95
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23. GreenSand Sales & Prices
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24. GreenSand
Scaling up sales (=> lowering prices)
More projects
Selling CO2 credits (to be used in demonstration projects)
More science support (Pascale Bénézeth ?)
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25. Accelerated weathering
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8 Colin Hills
• Carbstone
Olivine
• Green Minerals (RWTH, myself)
Serpentine:
• MCint. (Newcastle AU)
Olivine
•greenSand
(Deltares, WUR)
Mine tailings
• De Beers
(Gregory Dipple) David
Beerling
•Pascale Bénézeth
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26. 2. CO2 Uses
CO2 Uses: Product Company
Fuels Dieseletc. Audi etc.
Chemicals Poly-urethane Covestro etc.
Minerals Carbonates __________
(Solid CO2)
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27. Accelerated weathering
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Additives:
NaHCO3
NaCl ?
Chelating agents
Catalysts ?
Recovery additives

28. 4. Reaction
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29. Integration
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Gasification:
CO2
High temp/high pressure
Two product: SNG / ”Mineral CO2”

30. Properties
Product:
1/3 CO2
Exothermic reaction
Very small particles:
2/3 Magnesite
1/3 Amorphous Silica
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31. Pictures
RWTH CO2MIN10-05-19 GRC Les Diablerets 31

32. Pictures
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33. Mineralization Challenges
Profit Creating value from products
CO2 storage
Exothermic reaction
Process Increase reaction rate
High pressure/high temperature
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34. Validation beneficial use
Scaling up process
Market acceptance
Challenges
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35. Validation beneficial use Functional filler
Scaling up process Continuous process
Chemical knowledge
Market acceptance End-users
Policy support
Solutions to Challenges
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36. Concrete: Packing density RWTH HeidelbergCement
Paper: PCC/Lime replacement Uni Darmstadt ________________.
Polymer: Talc/Lime/Wollastonite _____ ________________.
Same functionality, product replacement
CO2 stored
Market & Status quo
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37. Concrete applications
Goal: (Partial) replacement Cement
Increased properties
Academic: RWTH
Industrial: HeidelbergCement
Green Minerals
Benefits: Packing Density / Amorphous Silica
(CO2 sequestration)
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38. Paper application
1st Tests:
CO2 Cleanup paper
University of Darmstadt
Prof. Schabel:
”The optical properties are better
that I expected. The retention in
the paper is quite good”
”But for a first ”shot” I would rate
the results better as positive”
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Goal: Replacement PCC

39. Polymers
Goal: Replacement: Lime/ Wollastonite
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40. Take home message
1. Make the unknown more known: Mineralisation
2. Look for symbioses (not only CO2)
Ambient: Replace existing civil products
(extra CO2 savings life time)
Accelerated: Manufacture products, products
(and store CO2)
CO2 reduce, re-use & remove
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41. MSc Pol Knops
www.green-minerals.nl
Tel: +31 6 5130 4842
pol@green-minerals.nl
Turning CO2 into Value
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