Kube Your Enthusiasm - Tyler Britten

© Copyright 2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. All rights Reserved.
Tyler Britten
tbritten@pivotal.io
Twitter: @tybritten
Kube Your
Enthusiasm

Operations is the
Secret sauce
(just not traditional operations)

Operations as a Competitive Advantage

Traditional
Ticket
Based
Human
Toil
Build App
Artifact
Build App
Container(s)
App → to the
Platform
Container Runtime
Container Hosts
CaaS
Container
Orchestrator
PaaS
Application Platform
Infrastructure
Platform
Container
Platform
Application
Platform
Infrastructure
As
Code
More Control Less Control
Less Efficiency More Efficiency
IaaS API
CF API
K8s API
Config
Management
Deployment
Manifest
IaaS
Hardware
Platform
PXE boot ?
6
?????
PaaS
Function
Platform
??? API

Traditional
Ticket
Based
Human
Toil
Build App
Artifact
Build App
Container(s)
App → to the
Platform
Container Runtime
Container Hosts
CaaS
Container
Orchestrator
PaaS
VMware
aws/gce/azure
Pivotal
Container Service
Pivotal
App Service
Infrastructure
As
Code
Pivotal Cloud Foundry 2.0
IaaS API
CF API
K8s API
Config
Management
Deployment
Manifest
IaaS
Dell
Or whatever
PXE boot ?
7
?????
PaaS
Pivotal
Function Service
??? API

App → to the
Platform
PaaS
Pivotal
App Service
CF API
8
APP
APP
APP
APP
cf push

Build App
Container(s)
CaaS
Container
Orchestrator
Pivotal
Container Service
K8s API
Deployment
Manifest
9
APP
APP
APP
APP

Saurabh Gupta. "Containers and Pivotal Cloud Foundry" 2016.

FROM maven:3.6-jdk-11-slim as BUILD
COPY . /src
WORKDIR /src
RUN mvn install -DskipTests
FROM openjdk:11.0.1-jre-slim-stretch
EXPOSE 8080
WORKDIR /app
ARG JAR=hello-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
COPY --from=BUILD /src/target/$JAR /app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

$ docker build -t tybritten/hello .
$ docker push tybritten/hello
$ docker pull tybritten/hello
$ docker run -d -p 8080:8080 tybritten/hello

Master
Master
Master
API
Server
Users
Control Plane
Data Plane
etcd
Cloud Ctrl
Manager
Worker
Kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Worker
Kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
Worker
Kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
Flannel Flannel Flannel

Unix Philosophy:
Do one thing. Do it well.

Imperative
$ kubectl run hello
--image=tybritten/go-hello-world
$ kubectl scale hello
--replicas=3
$ kubectl create service clusterip
hello --tcp=80:80

Declarative
$ kubectl apply -f hello-world.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: hello
spec:
containers:
- image: tybritten/go-hello-world
imagePullPolicy: Always
name: hello

● Pods
● Services
● Volumes

one or more containers that share
a network and storage

the minimum scalable unit
of your application

MASTER
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4
hello
kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet
Scheduler
Pod
Name: hello
Image: hello1

MASTER
hello
Scheduler
hello
Pod
Name: hello
Image: hello1

MASTER
hello-a
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Replica Set
Name: hello
Image: hello1
Size: 3
hello-ghello-s
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-b
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-c
Image: hello1

MASTER
hello-a
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Replica Set
Name: hello
Image: hello1
Size: 3
hello-ghello-s hello-d
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-b
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-d
Image: hello1

MASTER
hello-a
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Replica Set
Name: hello
Image: hello1
Size: 5
hello-ghello-s hello-d
hello-t hello-z
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image: hello1

MASTER
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Replica Set
Name: hello
Image: hello1
Size: 0

MASTER
hello-A-c
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Deployment
Name: hello
Image: hello1
Size: 3
hello-A-ghello-A-s
Replica Set
Name: hello-A
Image: hello1
Size: 3

MASTER
hello-A-c
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Deployment
Name: hello
Image: hello2
Size: 3
hello-A-ghello-A-s
Replica Set
Name: hello-A
Image: hello1
Size: 3
Replica Set
Name: hello-B
Image: hello2
Size: 3
hello-B-g
hello-B-r hello-B-c

MASTER
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
Deployment
Name: hello
Image: hello2
Size: 3
Replica Set
Name: hello-A
Image: hello1
Size: 0
Replica Set
Name: hello-B
Image: hello2
Size: 3
hello-B-g
hello-B-r hello-B-c

MASTER
hello-1
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
StatefulSet
Name: db
Image: hello1
Size: 3
Pod
Name: hello-1
Image: hello1

MASTER
hello-1
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
StatefulSet
Name: hello
Image: hello1
Size: 3
hello-2
Pod
Name: hello-1
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-2
Image: hello1

MASTER
hello-1
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
StatefulSet
Name: hello
Image: hello1
Size: 3
hello-3hello-2
Pod
Name: hello-1
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-2
Image: hello1
Pod
Name: hello-3
Image: hello1

MASTER
db-1
Scheduler
Controller
Manager
StatefulSet
Name: db
Image: cassandra
Size: 3
db-3db-2
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image:
Pod
Name: hello-b
Image:
Pod
Name: db-1
Image: ... vol vol vol
Pod
Name: hello-a
Image:
Pod
Name: hello-b
Image:
PVC
Name: db-1
Image: ...

$ kubectl run hello
--image=tybritten/hello
-- port=8080

● kubectl run created a deployment “deployments.apps/hello”
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/hello 1 1 1 1 1m
● The deployment created a replicaset “replicaset.apps/hello-64f6bf9dd4”
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/hello-64f6bf9dd4 1 1 1 1m
● Which created a pod “pod/hello-64f6bf9dd4-tq5dq”
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/hello-64f6bf9dd4-tq5dq 1/1 Running 0 2s

$ kubectl scale --replicas=3
deployment/hello

$ kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment/hello
deployment.extensions/hello scaled
$ kubectl get all
pod/hello-64f6bf9dd4-2bndq 1/1 Running 0 15m
pod/hello-64f6bf9dd4-4kq9l 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 2s
pod/hello-64f6bf9dd4-8lkcs 1/1 Running 0 5s

$ kubectl edit deployment hello
...
spec:
containers:
- env:
- name: MESSAGE
value: HELLO I LOVE YOU!!!!
image: tybritten/go-hello
imagePullPolicy: Always
name: hello

$ kubectl get all
pod/hello-5c75b546c7-4lwnn 1/1 Running 0 1m
pod/hello-5c75b546c7-bwxxq 1/1 Running 0 1m
pod/hello-5c75b546c7-sl2pg 1/1 Running 0 1m
replicaset.apps/hello-5c75b546c7 3 3 3 1m

$ kubectl port-forward deployment/hello 8080
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 8080
$ curl localhost:8080
<html><head><title>HELLO I LOVE YOU!!!!</title></head><body>HELLO I LOVE
YOU!!!!!</body></html>

$ kubectl expose deployment
hello --type=LoadBalancer
--port 80 --target-port 8080

kubectl expose deployment hello
● creates a service with a ClusterIP that acts as an internal loadbalancer to all
pods in the “hello” deployment
--type=LoadBalancer
● Creates a NodePort
● Configures a LoadBalancer to access the pods via the NodePort
$ kubectl get services
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
hello LoadBalancer 10.39.248.123 35.184.17.129 80:30468/TCP 5m
$ curl 35.184.17.129
<html><head><title>HELLO I LOVE YOU!!!!</title></head><body>HELLO I LOVE
YOU!!!!!</body></html>

Service
track Pods based on metadata and provides
connectivity and service discovery (DNS, Env
variables) for them.
Type
ClusterIP (default) exposes service on a
cluster-internal IP.
Container
Container
Pod
app=bacon
Container
Container
Pod
app=bacon
Service
app=bacon 10.3.55.7

Service
Type
NodePort extends ClusterIP to expose services on
each node’s IP via a static port.
Container
Container
Pod
app=bacon
Container
Container
Pod
app=bacon
Service
app=bacon 10.3.55.7
192.168.0.5:4530
K8s Worker K8s Worker
192.168.0.6:4530

Service
Type
LoadBalancer extends NodePort to configure a cloud
provider’s load balancer using the
cloud-controller-manager.
Container
Container
Pod
app=bacon
Container
Container
Pod
app=bacon
Service
app=bacon 10.3.55.7
192.168.0.5:4530
K8s Worker K8s Worker
192.168.0.6:4530
Load Balancer
33.6.5.22:80

Ingress
a controller that manages an external entity to provide
load balancing, SSL termination and name-based
virtual hosting to services based on a set of rules.
Ingress
Service
app=bacon
https://example.com
Service
app=eggs
/bacon /eggs

Container
Container
Pod
Volume
Is [effectively] a Directory, possibly with data in it,
available to all containers in a Pod.
Usually Shares lifecycle of a Pod (Created when Pod
is created, destroyed when Pod is destroyed).
Persistent Volumes outlive Pods.
Can be mounted from local disk, or from a network
storage device such as a EBS volume, iscsi, NFS, etc.

$ kubectl create configmap hello
--from-literal=’message=Hello S1T’

kubectl create configmap hello --from-file=index.html
● creates a configmap called “hello” containing the contents index.html
$ kubectl get configmap hello -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: hello
data:
index.html: "<html>n<head>nt<title>Hello to my
friends</title>n</head>n<body>ntHello
to my friendsn</body>n</html>nn"

kubectl create secret generic hello --from-file=index.html
● creates a secret called “hello” containing a base64 hash of contents index.html
$ kubectl get secret hello -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: hello
data:
index.html:
PGh0bWw+CjxoZWFkPgoJPHRpdGxlPkhlbGxvIHRvIG15IGZyaWVuZHM8L3RpdGxlPgo8L2hlYWQ+Cjxib2R5
PgoJSGVsbG8gdG8gbXkgZnJpZW5kcwo8L2JvZHk+CjwvaHRtbD4KCg==

Provides key-value pairs to be injected into a pod much like user-data is injected into a Virtual
Machine in the cloud.
Allows you to do last minute configuration of applications running on Kubernetes such as
setting a database host, or a admin password.
ConfigMaps store values as strings, Secrets store them as byte arrays (serialized as base64
encoded strings).
Secrets are [currently] not encrypted by default. This is likely to change.
Can be injected as files in a Volume, or as Environment Variables.

custom
load balancer
Chart.yaml
Values.yaml
templates/
ci
services
db

Discover & launch great
Kubernetes-ready apps
Search charts
555 charts ready to deploy
Wordpress, Jenkins, Kubeless...
Secure | https://hub.helm.sh

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: {{ .Chart.name }}-cm
data:
db: {{ .Value.db }}
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {{ .Chart.name }}-app
labels:
app: {{ .Chart.name }}
...
...
spec:
containers:
- image: tybritten/hello
name: hello
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/hello
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: {{ .Chart.name }}-cm
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {{ .Chart.name }}-svc
labels:
app: {{ .Chart.name }}-world
spec:
ports:
- port: {{ .Value.port }}
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: {{ .Chart.name }}-world
type: NodePort

$ helm install --name staging .
--set db=’user:pass@staging.mysql/dbname’
$ helm install --name production .
--set db=’user:pass@production.mysql/dbname’

https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/announcing-ribbon-tying-the-netflix-mid
-tier-services-together-a89346910a62

https://giphy.com/gifs/frustrated-keyboard-g8GfH3i5F0hby

https://unsplash.com/photos/WHWYBmtn3_0

Cluster Management
● Server Group
● Cluster
● Applications
● Load Balancer
● Firewall
Pipelines
● Pipeline
● Stage
● Deployment Strategies

Multi-Cloud Inventory
● Server Group
● Cluster
● Applications
● Load Balancer
● Firewall
Actions and Reactions
● Pipeline
● Stage

Cluster Management
● Server Group
● Cluster
● Applications
● Load Balancer
● Firewall
Deployment Management
● Pipeline
● Stage
Deployment Strategies

Spinnaker
Cloud
API
App App App

Halyard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halyard

Transforming How The World Builds Software

Twitter: @tybritten
Video: https://youtu.be/57asZ7_2w5Q
Slides: check your email

Kube Your Enthusiasm - Tyler Britten

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